We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Intercultural communications, cultural globalization and especially migration processes have reasoned wide scale to literary space both in geographic and qualitative means. Following aspects characterizing modernity have been outlined in the literary and society relations: society reacts to literature and decides what is valuable and actual in it.Literature also reacts to modernity and evaluates its own capabilities and viability. Those paradigms of identity, which are being modeled in literature today, change the literature thematic. Social dramas have multiplied in modern literature; and such painful topics as war, ethnic conflicts and etc. It can be said that art has become more social than it was before. Furthermore, literature has seen that there is the necessary to reflect the existing reality with even more drama and truth.Interpretation of modern literary texts is impossible without interdisciplinary format of research, which provides for actualization of social experiences (sociology, social psychology, social geography) along with others.In general, connection between sociology and literature studies started in the 19th century and went through several stages of development. Although, we believe that the given communication, considering the aforementioned, is characterized by completely qualities and dimensions and is being formed as separate discourse. Due to that, we believe it advisable to introduce the working term – social literature studies – for defining it.Following research spheres have been outlined in the today’s discourse of social literature studies: 1. Studying social literature indicators (author-reader-environment); 2.Research of social poetics, as of social structure and social phenomenon; 3. Research of text by social concepts. At that time, special importance is given to the theories of social relations, which allows us to reveal in texts the psycho-social and national identification models of intercultural communications, human relations (individual and social behavior). Analysis and comprehension of literary representations of aforementioned models is very important.All the works in all epochs gives material for research by means of social models and theories. It is impossible to define any literary direction, even symbolism just by aesthetics. Currently, every important is the theory of American sociologist Ronald Inglhart about the op positional social behavior model of self-preservation and self-expression values, which means that the self-savior function activates in the society in which the fight for material well being is most important and there is no more space for other values; the self-expression function activates in the society in which is for long time preserved high quality of life/well being and human rights are the most important value. The given model comprehensively reflects the individual’s position towards the reality, especially in the context of certain regime or ideological pressure. It is interesting how these functions have been reflected at some stage of history development in the works of Georgian writers and by what means it has been expressed.For the moment we will attempt to represent the literary representation of the given model in the text by modern Georgian author Nana Ekvtimishvili – Peer Field, which was written in 2015. Nana Ekvtimishvili’s identity as of an author is defined by three marks: first of all she is Georgian-German author; second – she is movie director and screenplay writer and third – she is woman author.The plot of the novel develops in the 1990’s. The feeling of moving from the old to the new has never been so tense as in the 1990’s. It was the end of not only the century,but also of the millennium, which was naturally accompanied by anxiety and expectation. In Georgia, just in all the other countries of the Soviet Union, the world-scale political change – collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 – turned transition into the main feature of life. The road leading from the closed historic space towards the completely strange new became the narrow bridge for some and the gap for others.It is interesting how the self-savior function empowers to the background of social political situation and what methods are used for its literary representation.Right from the 1990’s in general and especially in post-soviet countries, following the democratization, multi culture, humane ideas the so called “side effects” have appeared; such as: territorial and religious conflicts, aggression and violence: not only physical, but also cultural. The facts of aggression, physical, psychological and sexual abuse attract attention in different directions: it is the sexual abuse of students by a teacher,bullying by strong children of weak ones and etc. In certain cases, aggression for abusers is the mechanism of self-preservation. Such facts of self-preservation accompanied the 1990’s; self-expression function is also less expected in such specif space as described in the novel. The novel exactly reflects the soul of the epoch: obscure, poor life does not allow the society for self-expression. Comprehension of the result of the trauma, as self-identification in the space, which means getting used or not getting used by an individual to the space model, which they have to live in. In the given novel, psychological identification of an individual is tightly connected with space identification (according to the novel, it is the “boarding school of disabled juveniles” or “the school of imbeciles” in the 1990’s). Estrangement with the space or the unachieved identification of space results in the crisis of individual’s psycho-social identification or self-identification. This finally forms the traumatic mentality. The given factor leaves an individual without the possibility of self-expression. Opening of the closed space reevaluated certain social models of behavior and activity characterizing Georgian mentality. The novel focuses on the full dependence of a child on the family: mother decides upon the marriage of an already adult son. She also decides whether or not this wife would be good for him or not. Goderdzi divorces the wife unacceptable to his family and married another woman. The given episode also reflects the interest of woman author in the gender situation characterizing the given epoch. The given factors are also barriers for self-expression.The novel describes many markers of the identity of the Georgian life of 1990’s and the behavior and activity model of that time. This is expressed in the popular cloths: “pyramid jeans and shirts with palms”, design of wedding hall: “carpet handing on the wall and flowers pinned to it”; the character of the boarding school director: “athletic woman with narrow black skirt, wearing black, high-heel shoes and greenish shirt. She wears large black bead, which moves from side to side with her breasts, when she runs around.”In conclusion we can say that certain aspects of social literature studies discourse,namely the op positional model of self-preservation and self-expression in Nana Ekvtimishvili’s novel the Peer Field is reflected as follows: in the space described in the novel,which represents the identity crisis of the 1990’s, we do not see facts of art and creativity,which are the ones that cover the mechanisms of fighting violence, such as the process of the modeling of “I”, self-identification and identification with others, imagination (fantasy). The creator of the new trans-disciplinary field – “peace science” Johan Galtung believes that conflicts, violence, aggression can only be opposed by non-violence (empathy and solidarity), which by all means includes empowerment of the role of education, culture, arts and which is based on values of creativity and self-expression.
More...
The article offers a discussion of Europe’s space within contemporary migration novelists. It presents a dual vision of Europe’s image. If the immigration aspirant thinks it is a promise land with her great achievements, in the minds of those who manage to make it into her land, she is far from the home of success and self-fulfillment. Rather, the analysis inspires a continent where is paving way for the decay of social values. Our analysis shall follow a two way axis: the mirage construction end the deconstruction of paradise Europe.
More...
This article deals with veteran immigrant teachers who integrated successfully into Israel’s educational system and have been teaching immigrant students over the past few years. Their encounter with present (2018) new immigrants raises the following research question: How are patterns of integration into society reflected in the conceptions of veteran immigrant teachers in their work with immigrant students? The theoretical literature on which this study is based includes Berry’s transnationalism model and the concept of hybrid identity. The results displayed affinity between the teachers’ own migration stories and their educational conceptions regarding immigrant students. Patterns included both assimilation and integration. The conclusions declare that it is indeed appropriate to process the experiences and stories of veteran immigrant teachers because they transmit their conceptions to immigrant students and can serve as bridge builders within the educational system as former immigrants themselves.
More...
Pest control should be ecologically-based, therefore use of ecologically safe approaches is the best variant. Essential oils of plants can affect the main metabolic, biochemical, physiological and behavioural functions of insects. In the experiment, we evaluated the influence of 20 essential oils on migration activity of imagoes of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1863 in the conditions of a laboratory experiment. Notable repellent activity against T. confusum was exhibited by essential oils of Jasminum officinale and Thuja occidentalis. Essential oils of Zingiber officinale and Cedrus atlantica had an attractant effect on imagoes of T. confusum. Essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Lavandula angustifolia and Cinnamomum verum exhibited repellent properties while essential oils of Juniperus communis and Citrus sinensis had an attractant effect on the pests. Therefore, out of 20 studied essential oils, only four samples had notable biological effect on migration activity of T. confusum imagoes. These data indicate the possibility of using essential oils or their main components as ecologically safe natural repellents against pests of stored wheat and products of its processing.
More...
In order to supplement the available information for the eco-hydraulic approach to designing fish passages, taking into account the taxonomic, dimensional structure, as well as taking into account the presence of predatory fish in the stream, the distribution of migratory fish of the boreal plain faunistic complex (Russian Federation) was studied. Three depth-velocity sections from the shore to the midstream were investigated: 5 m and 27.8 cm/s, 8 m and 44.4 cm/s, 11 m and 55.6 cm/s. Analysis of the migration distribution of fish showed that in the direction from the shore to the midstream, the proportion of representatives of Cyprinidae decreases from 41.8–24.3% and that of Percidae decreases from 25.0–18.4%. For individuals of two groups: the Acipenseridae and Lotidae, Coregonidae and Esocidae, patterns of distribution in the structure of migratory fish are opposite – their share increases with increasing speed and depth characteristics: 23.0–40.2% and 10.2–17.1%, respectively. An assessment of the dimensional structure revealed a feature of increase in the size range of fish from the shore to the midstream: the dominance of small individuals (<10 cm) in the shore area is replaced by the dominance of large fish (> 30 cm) in the area of higher speeds and depths. A significant difference in the distribution for all studied taxonomic fish groups between the shore and the midstream was shown.
More...
The article discusses the features of the dynamic process of migration of ichthyofauna from wintering sites to the wetlands of a large boreal river for feeding and spawning. The influence of factors of temperature and water level on various groups of fish is estimated, and the role of water bodies of various types during fish migration in a flooded floodplain is also established. The research was performed during the spring flood in the floodplain-channel complex of the Irtysh River (Western Siberia, Russian Federation) in the water area of the conjugate water bodies: the lotic and lentic parts of the riverbed depression and the mouth of the tributary – transit section of the migration pathway of fish to the flooded floodplain. The research work was performed by “AsCor” – computerized hydroacoustic complex, hydroacoustic survey data were processed in the laboratory. The “AsCor” complex remotely performs taxonomic identification of abundant species of fish at the family level by groups (Cyprinidae, Percidae, Coregonidae–Esocidae, Acipenseridae–Lotidae). It was found that after the breakup of ice cover, maximum densities of fish were observed in the wintering sections – the initial location of the spring migration. During the 30-days observation period in the wintering sections and conjugate water bodies, the density of fish decreased from 4 to 13 times due to their migration to the floodplain. The response to a decrease in the overall density of fish in the year-round functioning lotic part of the riverbed depression to the influence of factors of water level and temperature regimes was >0.300 in general for ichthyofauna and for all groups of fish registered by hydroacoustic method (Cyprinidae, Percidae, Coregonidae– Esocidae, Acipenseridae–Lotidae)
More...
The concept of ‘Scythia as an ancestral homeland’ played an important role in the Medieval Origo gentis. The narratives about the origin of peoples aimed to contribute the construction of new identities in Europe after the Roman empire declined. Iordanes and Isidore of Seville considered Scythiaas either starting or passing point of the Gothic migrations. Bede the Venerable and anonymous authors of Lebor Gabála Érenn named Scythia as a homeland of the Picts and Scots, while in the IcelandicYnglinga sagait was considered as a native land of the Norse gods. It is widely accepted that the medieval intellectuals used the phonetic similarity of the ethnic and geographical terms Scythae/Scythia, Gothi, Scotti, Svíþjoð (Sweden) and Scedenig (Scandinavia) to construct links between the new ethnic and political entities, Classical history and biblical genealogy of peoples. This supposition is undoubtedly correct, however, it tends to oversimplify the conditions of the Early Medieval historiography’s development.
More...
With the existence of humanity, people have had to constantly relocate due to the need to live in favorable places, fertile soil and suitable climates. Therefore, human beings have been in constant migration. However, migrations are basically divided into two groups. The first is voluntary migration, which can be explained as positive migration. The second is forced migration. The type of migration that concerns our subject is the type of forced migration. In this type of migration, people experience many problems and suffer from war. It is the type of migration in which people have to leave their family, field, house, work, spouse and children. Turkey from the year 2012 until the end of 2019 because of the war came from Syria about as to be formal, are the estimated 3.7 and more than 4,000,000.million informal.
More...
In the year 2017, Spain has received the highest number of refugees since 1984, when the Law of Asylum was adopted. Poverty, as well as the conflicts that take place all around the world are the reason why so many people today seek legalization of their status in Europe. It goes without saying that after the long and complicated procedure, not everyone is given the asylum. This displacement of the population has affected significantly the demographic changes in Spain in the last years. Multiculturalism and multilingualism represent important characteristics of contemporary Spain. The assimilation of the new population demands a lot of effort in order to adapt to the new life conditions. The communication with these new entrants would be impossible if there were not for translators and interpreters whose role in these situations becomes very important, which makes the need for interpreters and translators in public services grow constantly all across Spain. Refugees come in contact with employees of the ministries of local affairs or social services, as well as doctors, psychologists or lawyers. These encounters cannot even be imagined without translators and interpreters who are the main link between people who seek international protection and that of local authorities, and the entire bureaucratic procedure is greatly complex for someone who does not know the language of the country they came to. The entrants are almost always treated as the Others, those who are different than Us, often even seen as inferior people, and they cannot belong to our group as such. That is why interpreters and translators are an indispensable link in an intercultural communication such as this one, not only because of linguistic misunderstandings, but also because of the socio-cultural ones.The goal of this paper is to analyze several aspects of translation and interpreting in public services, both in everyday and conflict or crisis situations.Social awareness, especially in the Balkans, as well as the fact that there is an insufficient number of investigations on this topic in our region, were also motives for this research.
More...
Culinary culture is one of the most important elements reflecting the lifestyle and eating habits of the communities living in the region. Societies create their own culinary culture with different traditions and customs and in this sense, they are affected by each other and develop their culinary culture in their region. Turkey, have done as the geographical location where centuries home to different cultures and culinary culture, has moved up to the present by improving their eating and drinking habits. Polonezköy is one of the most beautiful examples of this and has been established in Polonezköy which is the village of Beykoz district in İstanbul due to the migrations in 1842 and has become one of the places of interest in the national and international sense especially in terms of gastronomy and nature tourism with its different cultural structure. The aim of this study is to investigate the culinary interactions of Polish people living in Polonezköy and Turkish people living together with and to determine whether the Polish culinary culture is sustainable. A semi-structured interview form which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used to collect the data and the obtained data were evaluated by descriptive analysis. It was seen that they wanted to ensure that the food they made to introduce Polish culinary culture to their generation at the same time and to introduce the food to tourists was sustainable and there was a positive culinary interaction for the Polish and Turkish people.
More...
This article examines the causes of irregularity in remittances flows from the United Kingdom (UK) to Turkey, from the perspective of migrants from Turkey living in the UK. Each group of migrants prefers different types of remittance sending methods, as determined by the regulatory framework and socio-economic conditions in the host country and the socio-cultural values of the migrant community. Therefore, migrant communities of the same origin in different countries may differ in using formal or informal sending methods of remittances due to the dynamics in the host country. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of irregularities in sending remittances by associating with the social, economic and cultural dynamics of both countries. For this purpose, face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 immigrants and 7 key status participants by using qualitative research method. The obtained results reveal that the regulatory framework relating to social assistance and labour market in the UK, immigration status, the frequency and the amount of money sent and confidence in traditional relationship networks is the main determinants of informal money transfers to Turkey.
More...
Syria’s civil war, started in 2011, has caused over 6 million people flee abroad. This process forced around 3,6 million refugees to live in Turkey, leading significant changes in Turkish legal structure. The EU-Turkey Readmission Agreement and the Law on Foreigners and International Protection that is added into domestic law as a result of this agreement, are two main legislations in this regard. Such legal norms can be evaluated around the framework on social change as well as in accordance with concepts such as “subject”, “discrimination” and “exclusion”. This article, discusses these two legislations based on Giorgio Agamben’s thought, who has succeeded in putting these concepts at the center of political theory. The article argues that, this Italian political theorist well-known with his catogeries of “homo sacer”, “state of exception” and “bare life”, provides significant opportunities in interpreting the goals of contemporary legal regimes.
More...
In this issue, the first paper is by Argun Abrek Canbolat and deals with extended consciousness in a literature review. The second contribution is by Philip L. Martin and looks at the Trump administration's migration policies in the US. Carsten Schaefer examines and discusses the Chinese efforts to control and utilise diaspora. The last paper by Peter O’Brien discusses the borders and irregular migration.
More...
Migration studies mostly focus on processes of immigration. While integration, acculturation or incorporation are important fields of study, the role of the sending state is by and large neglected when it comes to analyzing these processes. Yet, large sending states such as China increasingly aim to reach out to and control “their” diaspora, thus demonstrating their ability to utilize the global economic system and transnational migration regimes for their own means. By incorporating Chinese living beyond the borders of the People’s Republic (PRC), Beijing seeks to strengthen China’s international image and to foster economic modernization.
More...
Borders exist and operate not only at formal frontiers but also outside and within European countries. Furthermore, borders both exclude and include migrants. This article advances the theory of differential inclusion. It provides a more nuanced understanding of processes of bordering that comprehends irregular migration as a phenomenon that is not only officially denounced and combatted but also unofficially tolerated and facilitated by European states. The analysis reveals that differential inclusion is transforming citizenship in Europe away from officially desired equality toward unofficially tolerated stratification. Employing Foucault’s notion of “assemblage”, the article also seeks to shed light on not only whose interests are undermined but also on whose interests are served by differential inclusion.
More...
Income differences in regions of Latvia is becoming a greater problem for families as there are made decisions for emigration, for municipalities as there are significant reductions in tax (income and property) payers and for entrepreneurs as there are less customers for their products and services: those aspects are on great importance but not enough researched and discussed in academic research. Purpose of the study is to analyse income differences in the regions of Latvia. The tasks of the study: 1 to review theoretical background of income differences in context of regional development; 2 to review existing research of income differences in the regions in EU; 3 to analyse problems of income indifferences in the regions of Latvia. Research methods used in preparation of the paper: scientific publication and previous conducted research results analysis, analysis of EU-SILC results (in 2014-2017) and European Central Bank conducted survey on Household income and expenses survey results, results are compared with the results of other Eurozone countries. Survey results are analysed using indicators of descriptive statistics (indicators of central tendency or location - arithmetic mean, mode, median), indicators of variability (indicators of dispersion - range, standard deviation and standard error of mean), cross-tabulations for regions in Latvia, for household members, for urban – rural living and analysis of variance - ANOVA are used. The results of analysis have indicated different challenges for decision makers on different levels.
More...
The paper focuses on immigration, which structures the contemporary world, highlighting multiple relationships and implications that make this phenomenon of a major importance, worldwide. We try to briefly present the conceptual framework of immigration and the prospects for immigration in Romania. Immigration in Romania is in the pattern of any migration in the start-up phase in Europe. The way in which Romania will manage to regulate this immigration will influence the evolution of the phenomenon over time. Lately, Romanian institutions and NGOs have managed this phenomenon effectively and positively. The legislation has been amended, respecting the European and international framework, so that the phenomenon is very well controlled by the authorities. As far as the Romanian state's policy on immigration is concerned, in the current context it will preserve the limits of the last years. The objectives of this research converge towards identifying the facilitators and the barriers that emerge in the integration of immigrants into the Romanian society, which is in a constant process of adaptation and transformation, socially and economically. In this context, the immigration phenomenon in Romania requires attention, even if its demographic impact is not significant, and foreign citizens registered with legal residence on national territory are below 1% of the total population. For Romania, immigration has proven to be a phenomenon with positive consequences, which contributes to the development of society.
More...
The phenomenon of migration has received much media attention in Europe in recent years. This rich and multifaceted topic raises numerous questions, one of the most important of which is the question of the role of language in representing migrants and shaping the attitudes toward them. This paper examines the discursive strategies employed by the media in naming and describing migrants, both as individuals and as a social group, focusing on the strategies of nomination and predication (Reisigl and Wodak 2001). In order to achieve the primary objective of the study, it is also necessary to consider the construction of an Us vs. Them binary, often established through the process of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation. By constructing a negative image of the Other, the positive image of Self is formed. A We/They binary is realized through the relation Europe - migrants and the views on migrants as social actors are examined on the corpora made up of texts from British and Italian daily newspapers.
More...
The purpose of the work is to raise the question of the Ukrainian identity in the artwork of Canadian Ukrainian artist William Kurelek, using as examples of his series "The Ukrainian Pioneer" and "Ukrainian Pioneer Women " as well as to characterize the problem in the context of the author's artistic searches. Methodology. General scientific and interdisciplinary methods of research - analysis, synthesis, generalization, formalization and a comparative method were used to carry out the set of tasks. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is the analysis of art-stylistic features and the identification of the features of Ukrainian identity in the works of W. Kurelek. Conclusions. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of his "multi-series" art, for the first time, four types of concept of identity were presented, which the author portrayed in accordance with selected contexts: national, social, personalized (personality) and identity as a "sense of community". In particular, the characteristic features of Ukrainian identity are analyzed in detail using six examples of W. Kurelek’s works of his series “The Ukrainian pioneer” and some works of his series “Ukrainian pioneer women”. In his art, we find a single formula of Ukrainian identity, which the author understood as a set of ethnic, national, gender, and religious characteristics inherent in one or another person, demonstrating his identity in the corresponding group affiliation.
More...