Educational and Publishing Activity in the Ressurectionist Uniate Center in Edirne (Former Adrianople), 1863–1914

Author(s): Wojciech Józwiak / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2014

Members of the Congregation of Resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ have been active in Edirne (f. Adrianople) for more than a half of the century, during which period they have used a variety of tactics to increase the number of Bulgarians recognizing religious sovereignty of Rome. Depending of the means chosen by the missionaries there were three main approaches leading towards that goal: religious propaganda, educational and informative way. Manuscripts and publications played essential part of pro-uniate activity in all three of those tactics. The authors, translators and often publishers of those documents were members of the mission (the printing house was established at the end of 1870's as a result of the efforts of the superior Tomasz Brzeski.

Неизвестни творби на Митрофан Зограф

Author(s): Alexander Kuyumdjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2003

Тефтерите с рисунки на банските зографи

Author(s): Elena Genova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

The latest special phenomenon in the nineteenth-century art was assuming a new attitude towards the preparatory stages in the work, an emanation of a Renaissance artist, being a quantum leap from the compulsory Hermeneia (Painter’s Manual also known as Painter’s Guide of an Orthodox icon-painter) in the painter’s non-commissioned artworks. The paper deals with three sketchpads of several generations of icon-painters from Bansko, kept at the Ivan Dujčev Center for Slavo-Byzantine Studies, University of Sofia. The firs and the most significant one is that of the founder of the Art Centre of Bansko, Toma Vishanov- Molera, dated personally by him form 1786. The second one has been signed by Mihalko Uvanov Golev, and the third one probably belonged to Dimiter Sirleshtov. The attribution of authorship is tentative, to a degree, as the other abovementioned icon-painters have made drawings on blank sheets along with Dimiter Molerov. Among the drawings, models for various subjects occur, some of them realized in murals or icons. A substantial part of these has been used for training.

Aneks 2 – Fotografie

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2018

Book reviews

Author(s): Ana Filip,Iuliu-Marius Morariu,Grigore-Toma Someşan ,Raluca Uilean-Isciuc,Isabella Harţuche,Silviu-Constantin Nedelcu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 12/2018

Those are the book reviews of the 12th issue of "Astra Salvensis" journal.

RAZVOJ LITURGIJSKOGA ŽIVOTA NA PRAVOSLAVNOM ISTOKU - SRPSKA CRKVA OD 13. DO 21. STOLJEĆA

Author(s): Vladimir Vukašinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2016

The history of Serbian liturgical practice is a relatively young theological discipline within the realm of liturgics. The paper includes both earlier and current findings in this field. It will show how other disciplines of Medievistics contribute to a better understanding of theological phenomena in history. The eight-century long history of liturgical life in the Serbian Orthodox church abounds in sacral dynamism. The natural and spiritual position of Serbs among other Orthodox nations of the East and the West contributed to the continuous exchange of liturgical forms, which then gained a specific character within the Serbian culture. Apart from prominent individuals, there were also monks, bishops, professors and others who were the emissaries of liturgical tendencies. Many key issues relevant for an accurate view of liturgical development have been discussed and resolved in this paper, such as: the emergence of Hesychasm, the spread of the printing press and the culture of copying manuscripts in monasteries, etc. There is a special emphasis on the development of liturgical practice in the last century with an overview of the current situation in the scientific sphere.

UVJETI NASTANKA I POČECI KATOLIČKOGA TISKA

Author(s): Juraj Mirko Mataušić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1998

Katolički tisak nastaje u 19. stoljeću u velikoj mjeri kao odgovor na izazov liberalizma i razvoj građanskoga društva. Crkva ujedno otkriva mogućnosti tiska u naviještanju evanđelja i u pastoralnom radu. Kako je temeljni problem Hrvata u to vrijeme nacionalna ovisnost, mnogi crkveni ljudi izbjegavaju u javnosti naglašavanje katolištva da se ne bi pojačale podjele u narodu, nego ulažu svoj rad i sredstva u projekte od općega interesa. Tako podupiru svjetovne novine i časopise i/ili surađuju u njima.

Maximos életrajza: források és következtetések

Author(s): Miklós Vassányi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2016

This paper intends to offer a sort of status quaestionis concerning St Maximus the Confessor’s life story. In a first instance, the biographical sources are enumerated under two headings: 1. Greek and Latin sources; 2. Syriac monophysite sources. The first group includes Maximus’ correspondence, the Diputatio cum Pyrrho, the Relatio motionis, the Disputatio Bizyae, the Hypomnesticon, the Vita Maximi and several minor epistles. Among the Syriac sources, generally hostile towards the Confessor, we find George of Resh’aino’s invective, Michael the Syriac, the Chronicon anonymi, and Bar Hebraeus’ chronicle. For each source text, a description and an analysis is offered with especial respect to the main moot question of the Confessor’s biography, namely, to whether he was of Constantinopolitan or of Palestinian birth. The conclusion is that all considered, the second option seems more likely in the mirror of the most recent research.

METHODOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE SOCIAL DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH BEFORE THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL

Author(s): Jerzy Gocko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The present article raises the issue of the methodological status of the Church’s social doctrine from its beginnings, namely, from the social teaching of Leo XIII, to the Second Vatican Council. In the first part, the author highlights the substantial role of the Magisterium in constituting the Church’s social doctrine. The second part, presents an analysis of the key social documents of the Church, with particular emphasis on methodological strands. The reflection is based on the assumption that the Church’s social doctrine is not just another ecclesial scientific discipline, since it involves a more complex reality in terms of practitioners, methods, sources of cognition or, finally, the nature of assertions formulated within that area of science.

СРПСКА И АНГЛИКАНСКА ЦРКВА У ПРВОЈ ПОЛОВИНИ 20. ВИЈЕКА

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2003

In compliance with Serbian and Yugoslav allied and state relationships with „western democracies”, the Serbian Orthodox Church was connected with the churches of liberal-democratic countries. By following the ideological and political orientation of the mother country, the Serbian Orthodox Church expressed a special closeness with the Anglican Church and old-Catholic churches. These churches, that had supported the European liberal civil order of that time, became closer due to ideological dislike towards Vatican and the Roman-Catholic Church. The relationship between the Serbian Orthodox Church and Anglican Church was especially close. There was even tendency for dogmatic (doctrinaire) and liturgical unity between these two churches. The Serbian Orthodox Church was also actively involved in the attempt of ecumenical unification of all the Orthodox churches, at the head of which would be the ecumenical Constantinople patriarch, with the Anglican Church. In the compliance with its western orientation, the Serbian Orthodox Church, in agreement with the Anglican one, actively participated in the occurrences in March 27, 1941, supporting the plan of British officials for coup d’etat, as well as the action of British oriented Serbian officers and political parties.

RIMOKATOLIČKA CRKVA I HRVATSTVO U CRNOJ GORI I BOKI U PRVOJ POLOVINI XX VIJEKA

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2001

In Montenegro, Boka, and Primorje Croat nationalism advanced in phases, from the time it first appeared towards the end of the 19th century, depending on the religious and political actions o f the Vatican, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Croat political elite (i.e., the Frankovci, the Croatian Peasants Party). The author focuses particularly on campaigns (manifestations) aimed at spreading Croat nationalism such as the First Croat Catholic Meeting in 1900, the change of the Illyrian Institute o f St. Jerome into a Croat institution, the celebration o f the millennium-long existence of the Croat Kingdom in 1925, and the events that took place on the eve of the war in Yugoslavia, which represented the culmination of this process. Towards the end of the thirties the old dream of Croatia occupying the sub-Danube and Adriatic area was realized with the forming of Banovina Hrvatska. The synchronized actions of clerical and laic supporters of Croat nationalism resulted in a political formation characterized by Roman Catholicism and Croat nationalism. New ideas of so-called „red Croat nationalism” coming from Zagreb, the center of Croat nationalism, were embraced by enthusiasts front Montenegro, who subsequently became the greatest advocates of the theory claiming that the Montenegrin Roman Catholics in old Duklja embodied in fact the beginning of Croat national awareness in Montenegro.

RIMOKATOLIČKA MISIJA I KLERIKALIZAM NA KOSOVU I METOHIJI U KRALJEVINI JUGOSLAVIJI

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1+2/1999

The Roman Catholic clergy in Kosovo and Metohija were highly active in this region, contrary to the dictates of the Yugoslav government authorities. Italy’s interest in maintaining a strong influence of the Albanian and Italian clergy on Yugoslav territory prevented the Church from making a clear ecclesiastical distinction between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Albania. The representatives of Church authority in the areas bordering on Albania were mostly foreigners (Albanians, Italians), and Yugoslav citizens, Slovenians and Croatians, who largely held anti-Yugoslav and anti-Serbian views. With such foreign, pro-Italian clergymen, appointed by the Franciscan provincial of Skadar or by the Skadar Jesuits, Italy could successfully promote its interests through ideas about creating "Greater Albania". The realization of a political, national, and cultural program was impossible in the border areas of Roman Catholic parishes. Italian imperialist goals and the interests of the Roman Catholic missionaries were almost identical. The Franciscans and Jesuits of Skadar played a deciding role in instilling among the Roman Catholic Shiptar population the idea of belonging to the Roman Catholic culture, in encouraging their pro-Italian sentiments, and in the denationalization and proselytism of the Serb population in Kosovo and Metohija.

VERSKI LIBERALIZAM I POLITlČKA AKTIVNOST SRPSKE PRAVOSLAVNE CRKVE U KRALJEVINI JUGOSLAVIJI

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1995

In keeping with the existent relations between Serbia and Yugoslavia and the countries of bourgeois liberalism, the so-called »western democracies«, the Serbian Orthodox Church also developed ties with the churches of these countries. As a result the Serbian Orthodox Church was marked by religious liberalism (religious tolerance, patriotic feelings for the fatherland etc.). Religious liberalism turned the activity of the Serbian Orthodox Church toward close co-operation with Protestant and Catholic churches of democratic countries. A particularly close tie was formed with the Anglican Church and plans were made for the dogmatic and liturgical union of the two churches. The Serbian Orthodox Church was until 1937 a constitutional religious organization, which supported the official Francophile course and the Yugoslav national ideology of King Alexander. The Church demonstrated its support by applauding the Yugoslav regime based on ideas of bourgeois liberalism and Yugoslav nationalism. During the tutelary reign of Prince Pavle, the Church’s loyalty was lost due to changes in the country's domestic and foreign politics. The drawing away from France and Great Britain of Yugoslavia, especially after 1937, also led to a gradual withdrawal from positions of authority in the country of people who believed in the unity of Yugoslavia. The inclination of the tutelary regime to create closer ties with Italy, Germany and the Vatican provoked a marked opposition in the Serbian Orthodox Church. The growing favor shown the Roman-Catholic church by Yugoslavia led in 1937 to the crisis of the concord, resulting in serious conflicts and incidents. The Serbian Orthodox Church will have an important part in the »liberals« coup d’etat« by joining the efforts of West-oriented Yugoslav officers, liberal political parties (especially the Agricultural Party) and organization^, such as the Falcons, National Defence etc. in preparing and carrying out) the coup d’etat od 27 March 1941.

Viduklės bažnyčios Angelo Sargo paveikslas

Author(s): Raimonda Norkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 36/2004

In this article the picture of the Guardian Angel in Viduklė Church is analysed from different aspects. Using archival and historical documents, the history of the picture and its origin are reconstructed. Analysed material shows that the picture was painted in the third quarter of the 18th century, most likely in the seventh or eight decades of that century. In this article, seeking to educe the intricate ideological-iconographical programe of the picture, and also to define the artistic features and using various methods, the teological basis of the Guardian Angel was defined, and the development of the iconographical type and the image of the Guardian Angel in Baroque art were analysed. The picture of the Guardian Angel is valuable for its versatile, distinctive iconographical programme, which is harmoniously combined with the artistic expression and the text. In this picture we can see an artistic and ideological expression of Baroque art that allows the picture to join the ranks of the Baroque cultural heritage.

Viduklės bažnyčios Angelo Sargo paveikslas

Author(s): Raimonda Norkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 35/2003

In this article the picture of the Guardian Angel in Viduklė Church is analysed from different aspects. Using archival and historical documents, the history of the picture and its origin are reconstructed. Analysed material shows that the picture was painted in the third quarter of the 18th century, most likely in the seventh or eight decades of that century. In this article, seeking to educe the intricate ideological-iconographical programe of the picture, and also to define the artistic features and using various methods, the teological basis of the Guardian Angel was defined, and the development of the iconographical type and the image of the Guardian Angel in Baroque art were analysed. The picture of the Guardian Angel is valuable for its versatile, distinctive iconographical programe, which is harmoniously combined with the artistic expression and the text. In this picture we can see an artistic and ideological expression of Baroque art that allows the picture to join the ranks of the Baroque cultural heritage.

Мозаїка з імператором Костянтином IV Погонатом: ківорій та завіси

Author(s): Iuliia Gennadyevna Matveieiva / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 40/2018

Purpose of the article. Identify the role of architectural and textile framing around the portrait of Emperor Constantine IV as artistic, symbolic, and traditional cultural objects. To analyze whether the images of architectural details and fabrics had real prototypes in the ceremony of the emperor giving the gifts and the church life of that time, or the objects depicted on mosaics were only decorative objects that had no connection with the rite and the meaning of the image. The methodology of the study includes formal, comparative, historical, iconographic and semiotic methods. The scientific novelty of the work is a new disclosure of the role of architectural and textile objects as images that not only contributed to the stability and decorativeness of the ancient compositions but also reflected real historical artifacts of church life and the imperial ritual of bringing the gifts to the church. These objects also had a tremendous semiotic meaning as symbolic means, indicating: 1) a special sacred place where the action takes place - directly at the altar; 2) the highest social status of the imperial gift that takes place in the image; 3) the union of the work of secular authority with the priesthood’s service of God, through which the fullness of the Church as the Body of Christ formed in the sense of the Christian community of the priesthood and believers. Conclusions. Real objects are used as a composite frame on the portrait of Constantine IV Pogonatus - ciborium and curtains that give us information about the historical ritual and its image, as well as the symbols of bringing of the most critical imperial gift that was a symbol of the combination of the secular and priesthood parts of the church society into a single Christian community - the Church as the Body of Christ. The tradition was started at the Cathedral of St. Sophia of Constantinople.

Autokefalia prawosławia ukraińskiego wbrew prawosławiu rosyjskiemu

Author(s): Jarosław Moskałyk / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

Otrzymanie autokefalii z Konstantynopola przez prawosławie na Ukrainie w 2019 r. oznacza dla niego przede wszystkim zmianę jakościową zarówno w sensie organizacyjnym i prawnym, ale także świadomościowym i mentalnym. To rzeczywiste nawiązanie do spuścizny historycznej oraz perspektywa całkowitego uwolnienia się od niechcianego podporządkowania. Teraz pozostaje jedynie kwestia właściwego zagospodarowania wartością, jaką jest pełna autonomia i możliwość kształtowania niezależnej wizji eklezjalnej. Jeśli zostaną prawidłowo wyciągnięte wnioski z niedalekiej i dawnej przeszłości, wówczas zaistnieją wszelkie podstawy ku stworzeniu zjednoczonej wspólnoty prawosławnej o niewątpliwym autorytecie moralnym.

Kwestia prokreacji w prawosławiu

Author(s): Krzysztof Leśniewski / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

W Kościele prawosławnym prokreacja jest postrzegana nie tylko jako aktywność ludzka mająca na celu przedłużenie gatunku, ale również jako dar Boga, który jest absolutnym i jedynym Władcą życia człowieka. Zrozumienie prokreacji, z chrześcijańskiego punktu widzenia, wymaga odniesienia do sakramentu małżeństwa. W ramach małżeństwa sakramentalnego, które jest monogamiczne, heteroseksualne i pobłogosławione w Kościele, popęd seksualny podlega bowiem transformacji. Poczęcie i zrodzenie potomstwa jest owocem miłości obojga rodziców. Początek istnienia duszy i ciała każdej osoby ludzkiej dokonuje się równocześnie. Liczne świadectwa pochodzące z tradycji kanonicznej, liturgicznej i patrystycznej chrześcijaństwa wschodniego dowodzą, iż od pierwszych wieków aborcja była traktowana jako zabójstwo i grzech ciężki, wymagający długotrwałej pokuty. Współcześnie Kościół prawosławny podejmuje wyzwania związane z rozwojem technologii wspomagania rozrodu. W oficjalnych dokumentach prawosławnych podkreśla się, że podejmowanie decyzji skorzystania ze wspomaganej prokreacji powinno uwzględniać zarówno nauczanie doktrynalne, jak i sytuację egzystencjalną danej pary małżeńskiej. Szczegółowe zalecenia dotyczą pozaustrojowego zapłodnienia in vitro. Prawosławni bioetycy wypowiadają się przeciwko stosowaniu technik klonowania oraz eksperymentom z komórkami ludzkimi z grupy zarodkowych.

The unity of the Church in Saint Irenaeus’ ecclesiology

Author(s): Claudiu Marius Ciascai / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

The unity of the Church has always been of major concern for early Christians. They understood this unity as a real tangible experience, remote and hidden in the uncertainty of the future. They believed that the unity of the Church could secure the cohesion among the Christian communities, and the communication inside the Christian community was, in its turn, the essential condition that provided the support for the consolidation and the development of the ecclesial unity. The Fathers of the Church have understood the importance of keeping and supporting the unity and the stability inside the Church, in order to provide an efficient Christian mission everywhere in the world. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the evolution and complexity of the ecumenical dimension of Irenaeus of Lyon’s ecclesiology, one of the most representatives of the Fathers of the Church, during the early centuries. Aware of the power of dialogue and pastoral mission, he preached not only for the early Christians who at that time found themselves surrounded and confused by different inaccurate doctrines, but also for the pagans, to whom he spread the message of Jesus Christ’s Gospel of love.

Miejsce Biblii w życiu Ulricha Zwingliego

Author(s): Piotr Jaskóła / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

Artykuł prezentuje centralne miejsce Biblii w życiu U. Zwingliego. Reformacja w Zurychu, której początki były głównie jego dziełem, ujawniła to na kilku polach: w kaznodziejstwie, prowadzonych dysputach teologicznych i w tzw. szkole proroctw (Prophezei). Na każdym z tych pól szwajcarski reformator eksponował autorytet Biblii – nieporównywalny z innymi autorytetami. Równocześnie podkreślał rolę Ducha Świętego w interpretacji tekstów biblijnych. Prawda o inspirującym działaniu Ducha Świętego, jak i prawda o suwerenności Boga leżą u podstaw życia i teologicznego dziedzictwa reformatora z Zurychu.