Парадокс как художественное средство в стиле «плетение словес» (на примере Жития Сергия Радонежского)

Author(s): Svetlana Shumilo / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The literary paradox as an artistic device was often used in Old Russian literature of the “weaving of words” style. Antitheses, antinomies and oppositions play a special role in the hagiographic works of Epiphanius the Wise: the author emphasizes the most important ideas of the work with the help of the literary paradox: the idea of holiness, the opposition of earthly and heavenly life, the idea of miracle and the presence of the Divine.

Партійно-державна політика щодо Руської Православної Церкви: середина 40-х років ХХ ст. (дискусійні питання у працях сучасних істориків)

Author(s): Serhiy Kuksenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2012

The author gives an analysis of modern Russian and Ukrainian historiography about the peculiarities of relations between the party-state authorities and the Russian Orthodox Church in the 40-ies of XX century.

Педагогическите възгледи на старозагорски митрополит Методий Кусев (1838 – 1922) и неврокопски митрополит Борис Разумов (1888 – 1948)

Author(s): Stoyan Chilikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The paper investigates the pedagogical views of two distinguished bishops from the most recent history of the Bulgarian Church – Metropolitan Methodius Kusev and Metropolitan Boris Nevrokopski. On the basis of comparative analysis the important moments of their Church ministry have been traced, as well as life in the background of the age in which they lived as factors that influenced their pedagogical views. The two bishops identify three important factors in the educational process: faith, family and school. According to them, the influence of materialistic views in the educational process leads to the destruction of the Bulgarian school and society, as a result of which the school only educates without bringing up.

ПЕРВИННІ ГРАДАЦІЇ ВИКОНАННЯ БОГОСЛУЖБОВИХ ТЕКСТІВ: ПСАЛМОДІЮВАННЯ І РОЗСПІВНЕ ЧИТАННЯ

Author(s): Mykola Pidhorbunskyi / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

The purpose of the article is to analyze the primary gradations of the performance of liturgical texts and determine their characteristic features in the worship of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. The research methodology includes system analysis, which made it possible to analyze and study the gradations of the execution of liturgical texts (psalmodization and raspevny reading). Statistical and chronological methods were used to determine the temporal and quantitative characteristics of the analyzed material. Scientific novelty consists in a critical analysis of the gradation scheme for the performance of liturgical texts, as a result of which it is suggested that the psalmody be attributed to narrative reading, and ekfonetics should be considered raspevny reading with certain musical elements. Conclusions. The evolution of the primary gradations of the performance of liturgical texts is studied, from ancient Jewish reading and ancient Greek prosody to raspevny reading in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the XVII century. The modern gradation systems for the execution of liturgical texts, which were developed by leading media scholars, are analyzed. The features of psalmodization and chant reading in liturgy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church are defined and concretized.

Питање рашчитавања једног места у Житију Светог Симеона од Светог Саве (IX H 8 [Š 10])

Author(s): Tihon Rakićević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 152/2015

Saint Sava wrote in 1206/7 the Life of Saint Simeon (Žitije Svetog Simeona) preserved as the copy no. IX H 8 [Š 10]. Saint Sava did not complete this work, but it was, to a large extent, taken from a sermon of Theodore the Studite (written before 826 AD). So far there have not been any ambiguities regarding this text, starting from the issue of Pavol J. Šafárik from 1851 onwards. However, due to the lack of a full stop between two sentences in the final part of the Life of Saint Simeo, there is a possibility of different interpretations of that part (sheet 116a, line 4). When comparing the aforementioned part of the text (sheet 116a, line 4) with the oldest Serbian Church Slavonic (Hilandar 387; Dečani 87; HAZU IV d 4) and ancient Greek (Ambrosianus gr. C 02 sup.; Parisinus gr. 1018; Ottobonianus gr. 251; Ambrosianus gr. E 101 sup.) manuscripts containing Studite’s sentences, which Sava followed as models, previous interpretations can be questioned.

Питер Браун: Успон хришћанства на Западу: тријумф и разноликост 200–1000. године

Author(s): Ivica Čairović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

По повод 250 години од укинувањето на Охридската архиепископија (1767 – 2017) и 50 години од прогласувањето на автокефална Македонска православна црква (1967 – 2017)

Author(s): Dragan Zajkovski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1/2017

По повод един „принос“

Author(s): Anani Stoynev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The article may be regarded as a continuation and a concretization of the general principles expounded in my previous article „On the Possible Approaches to Studying Bogomilism“, published in Philosophical Alternatives, issue 5, 2015, and occasioned by Erika Lazarova’s book The Bogomil-Cathar Philosophy as a Lived Ethics, Avangard Print, 2013. The author analyzes concepts such as „Bogomil-Cathar philosophy“ and reveals their groundlessness, as well as that of the phrase „lived ethics“, which is a metaphor, not a scientific concept. The article proves the need to work with sources, not metaphors used as sources. The groundlessness of the concept/term „dualist Christianity“ is revealed: Christianity is monistic, and monism cannot possibly be a dualism.

Повратак веронауке у школе 2001. године

Author(s): Petar Đ. Rajčević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2014

After decades of absence and negative attitude toward it, religious education was „rehabilitated“ parallel with social transformations which took place in that time, and from Nov. 2, 2001 it was practically included again in curriculum for elementary and secondary schools in the Republic of Serbia. At the beginning, religious education was an optional school subject. Soon thereafter (2002) it became the elective school subject, but as a part of the official curriculum. The first religious education lecture was given in the large hall of the elementary school „Kralj Petar I“ in Belgrade. This first religious education lecture, given in the oldest school in Serbia and the historical landmark, situated nearby St. Michael’s Cathedral and the Residence of the Serbian Patriarch, was attended by first-grade pupils, their teachers and the school director, but also by a team of experts consisted of the highest representatives of churches and communions (Minister of Religions), the Serbian Patriarch Pavle, Prime Minister and Minister of Education in the Government of the Republic of Serbia.

Поглед към творческата лаборатория на художниците Михаил и Евтихий (за цикъла на Успение Богородично)

Author(s): Maria Kolusheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The availability of a rare cycle of the Assumption scenes in the post-Byzantine painting at the Church of St George in Veliko Turnovo (1616) made us look at the root of its visualisation. The extant pictorial cycles both form West Europe and the Orthodox Christendom, show that until the late eighteenth century the representation of the subject has still been in a process of formation and any established iconographic tradition is out of the question. The things changed when the workshop of painters Michael and Eutychios Astrapas from Thessalonica took to the visualisation of the Assumption. In the late thirteenth and the early fourteenth centuries they were commissioned to decorate several monuments in the territory of what are now Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo. The approach of the masters to the subject was creative and innovative. Working on various mural ensembles, they succeeded in inventing new compositions, introducing and establishing a number of iconographic elements in the traditional depicting of the Assumption. The next generation of painters followed closely and at times, more freely the model preset by the painters. With the fall of the Balkans to the Ottomans the tradition of representation of the cycle of the Assumption began to wane, but never faded away.

Поглед на прошлост Српске православне епархије зворничко– тузланске

Author(s): Radovan Pilipović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2013

In the present article the author gives a review of the historical development of the Diocese of Zvornik- Tuzla, distinguishing the most important events, persons and processes which molded the history of that diocese and her organisational forerunners. With no intention to make this a final text on the subject, the author wanted to offer a solid draft for future more comprehensive and deeper research of Serbian church and national history of northeastern and eastern Bosnia.

Подвиг веры казахстанского священномученика Александра Дагаева: «новая власть» и провинциальная священническая интеллигенция в первые годы Гражданской войны

Author(s): Konstantin Gennadievich Sokolovsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

Through a prism of a phenomenon of Christian martyrdom as parts of history of the XX century on the example of the fate of the Kazakhstan martyr Alexander Dagayev, the decent Ust-Kamenogorsk city and district churches, the problem of relationship of the Soviet power and the local priest intelligentsia is considered. The conclusion is drawn that despite tragic element of events of red terror, most of intelligentsia members were faithful to both the belief, and the congregation.

Подготовка и проведение первого собора Карпаторусской православной церкви 1921 г.

Author(s): Jurij Danilec / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2017

The author reveals that the problems of statechurch relations in Czechoslovakia are well understood by domestic and foreign researchers, but the issue of carrying out the First Council of the Carpatho- Ruthenian Orthodox Church remains neglected. The article analyzes the main stages of the activity of the Orthodox communities in Transcarpathia, the part of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The evolution of the policy of the Czechoslovak government regarding Serbian jurisprudence and the beginning of the spiritual mission of Bishop Dositey (Vasić) is analyzed. According to the author, the postponement of the arrival of the bishop in Subcarpathian Rus connected with the interference from the higher circles of the Vatican and the local Greek Catholic Church. In addition, an obstacle to the development of the Orthodox Church in the region was the use of the old Austro- Hungarian legislation on cults. The article describes the course of the first and second visit of Bishop Dositey to Subcarpathian Russia, shows the main directions of his activity. The bishop paid much attention to visitation of Orthodox parishes, meetings with the faithful, the consecration of new priests. During the second visit to Subcarpathian Russia, the bishop visited 16 Orthodox parishes, ordained three monks in the holy monk. Special attention is paid to the study of the preparation and conduct of the First Council of the Carpatho- Ruthenian Orthodox Church in 1921. The author follows the course of the meeting, analyzes the content of the approved council documents. The main solutions concerned the Statute, the decision to establish an interim committee for the management of the church, the proposal of the Serbian bishop to head the newly formed church structure, and publish a periodical newspaper. Separately, the author analyzes the content of the Statute, calls it the main components of the chapter. According to the statute, an autonomous Orthodox Church of Carpatho- Ruthenia was established, under the auspices of the Serbian Patriarchate. At the head of the diocese, a Serbian delegate was temporarily standing, the right to elect a bishop from the local clergy was declared. The course of negotiations on the basis of the archival documents between Bishop Dositey and the leadership of Czechoslovakia on the implementation of the decisions of the First Council was clarified. The article deals with the correspondence of the bishop with the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church. According to the author of the article, Dositey tried to complete the spiritual mission among subcarpathian Orthodox people in all ways, took energetic steps to recognize the Church by the Czechoslovak government, and contributed to the development of the diocese at the local level. One of the factors that prevented the activities of the bishop was the anti-Orthodox policy of the governor Hryhoriy Zhatkovich. The author concludes that the Czechoslovak authorities tried to use religious confrontation to resolve political goals relying on the secret correspondence of the Czech ambassador to the Vatican.The author reveals that the problems of statechurch relations in Czechoslovakia are well understood by domestic and foreign researchers, but the issue of carrying out the First Council of the Carpatho- Ruthenian Orthodox Church remains neglected. The article analyzes the main stages of the activity of the Orthodox communities in Transcarpathia, the part of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The evolution of the policy of the Czechoslovak government regarding Serbian jurisprudence and the beginning of the spiritual mission of Bishop Dositey (Vasić) is analyzed. According to the author, the postponement of the arrival of the bishop in Subcarpathian Rus connected with the interference from the higher circles of the Vatican and the local Greek Catholic Church. In addition, an obstacle to the development of the Orthodox Church in the region was the use of the old Austro-Hungarian legislation on cults. The article describes the course of the first and second visit of Bishop Dositey to Subcarpathian Russia, shows the main directions of his activity. The bishop paid much attention to visitation of Orthodox parishes, meetings with the faithful, the consecration of new priests. During the second visit to Subcarpathian Russia, the bishop visited 16 Orthodox parishes, ordained three monks in the holy monk. Special attention is paid to the study of the preparation and conduct of the First Council of the Carpatho- Ruthenian Orthodox Church in 1921. The author follows the course of the meeting, analyzes the content of the approved council documents. The main solutions concerned the Statute, the decision to establish an interim committee for the management of the church, the proposal of the Serbian bishop to head the newly formed church structure, and publish a periodical newspaper. Separately, the author analyzes the content of the Statute, calls it the main components of the chapter. According to the statute, an autonomous Orthodox Church of Carpatho- Ruthenia was established, under the auspices of the Serbian Patriarchate. At the head of the diocese, a Serbian delegate was temporarily standing, the right to elect a bishop from the local clergy was declared. The course of negotiations on the basis of the archival documents between Bishop Dositey and the leadership of Czechoslovakia on the implementation of the decisions of the First Council was clarified. The article deals with the correspondence of the bishop with the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church. According to the author of the article, Dositey tried to complete the spiritual mission among subcarpathian Orthodox people in all ways, took energetic steps to recognize the Church by the Czechoslovak government, and contributed to the development of the diocese at the local level. One of the factors that prevented the activities of the bishop was the anti-Orthodox policy of the governor Hryhoriy Zhatkovich. The author concludes that the Czechoslovak authorities tried to use religious confrontation to resolve political goals relying on the secret correspondence of the Czech ambassador to the Vatican.

Поездка епископа Досифея (Васича) на Подкарпатскую Русь в июне 1924 г.

Author(s): Jurij Danilec / Language(s): Russian Issue: 24/2021

Bishop Dositheus (Vasić) activities in Subcarpathian Rus‘ in June 1924 aimed to establish the Serbian Orthodox Church’s position and gain recognition from the Czechoslovak government. Prague was quite critical of the arrival of the Serbian delegate, and his movement was under constant control. Antennas recorded all statements of the bishop to the faithful. Gendarmes and the police tracked the routes of the bishop’s trips. During the visit, Bishop Dositheus held several meetings with Subcarpathian Rus‘ leadership, including the governor and vice-governor. Officials at least formally supported the bishop’s position, but in fact, had to follow government instructions. While in the autonomous region, the bishop visited some Orthodox villages, conducted services, and meetings with the clergy and the faithful. He called on the peasants to be loyal to the government, resort to violence against opponents, and act exclusively within the law. The results of the visit in June 1924 were contradictory. The bishop has achieved both positive and negative consequences.

Позднепалеологовская икона Рождества Христова из Патриаршего музея церковного искусства при Храме Христа Спасителя в Москве: особенности живописной манеры

Author(s): Natalia Nikolaevna Bobrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1(31)/2022

Byzantine icons of the 14th century in Russian museums are scattered material. In this regard, the situation when it is possible to identify or at least raise the question of whether two icons of such an artistic level from different collections belong to the same master is almost unique. The Late Paleologian icon of the Resurrection of Lazarus from the the Russian Museum can without exaggeration be called the pearl of the collection. The icon was received by the Russian Museum in 1928 from the collection of G. N. Gamon-Gaman through the State Museum Fund. There is a small icon of the Nativity of Christ distinguished by high pictorial skill in the collection of the new Patriarchal Museum of Church Art at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. The study of this late Paleologian monument is just beginning, but the special relevance of its research is due to the fact that the artistic features allow us to compare this image with the aforementioned icon of the Resurrection of Lazarus, a landmark monument of the collection of the Russian Museum. A number of features of the icon of the Nativity painting technique makes it possible to speak about a significant stylistic community of these two monuments despite the fact that the preservation of it is not the best. The similarity of the nuances of color, the principles of shaping, the presence of common characteristic techniques in the construction of gaps, the picturesque solution of clothes, the dashed manner of modeling the light part of the slides, individual handwriting and great similarity in individual details, the general features of the drawing of the hands and feet of the characters, the nature of the vegetation image, the proportions of the figures, the size of the image, the features of gilding halos (on top of the paint layer) ― all these aspects reveal such a close similarity of painting techniques that it becomes possible to raise the question of identifying in this case the individual manner of one master and the belonging of these two icons to the festive row of the same iconostasis. Technical studies of the icon of the Resurrection of Lazarus were carried out by S. I. Golubev during the restoration in the Russian Museum in 1986–1990, the research results of which definitely make it possible for a more substantive comparative analysis of the two icons.

Покушај изградње руске цркве у Сарајеву између два свјетска рата

Author(s): Dalibor Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 16/2017

Big Russian population was living in Sarajevo between two world wars. Many of them were well educated and willing to preserve their tradition in new environment. However, proposed solutions were not always acceptable for them and their neighbors. Certain Serbian institutions in Sarajevo were not ready to help this Russian community in Sarajevo to leave clear traces of their existence in that area.

ПОЛІТИКА РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ ІЗ ЗНИЩЕННЯ ПРАВОСЛАВНИХ ХРАМІВ В УКРАЇНІ: МЕХАНІЗМ ТА ДУХОВНО-КУЛЬТУРНІ НАСЛІДКИ (1920-ті – 1965 рр.)

Author(s): Dmytro Valeriyovych Viedienieiev / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

The study of the pernicious spiritual-cultural consequences of the targeted destruction (closing) of the orthodox religious buildings as one of the policy direction of the state atheism in Ukrainian SSR, the disclosing of the ideological-political and state-administrative components of the campaign mechanism aimed to liquidate the churches as the valuable component of the historical-cultural heritage. Methodology. The article is based on the historical and logical epistemological approaches, the author uses the complex of the general scientific methods with the methods of historical science, cultural studies and other social-humanitarian sciences. In particular, the structural-functional, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, cliometric, cros-cultural, historical-legal methods are used. The scientific novelty. The author based on the analysis of the documental sources makes an attempt to complex consideration of the main stages (campaigns), regulatory framework and organizing-administrative policy mechanism aimed to destruction of the orthodox spiritual-architects buildings (churches, monasteries and other objects of the national spiritual-cultural heritage) as the structural-functional component of the state atheism, the form of the religious persecution and oppression of conscience freedom in Ukraine. Conclusions. The basis of the communistic relations model with Orthodoxy constituted from the displacement of the church from the all spheres of the social life by the any ways. Sharply negative attitude of the Soviet government to the church remained unchanged during the all USSR existence, however it had the different forms depends on the external and internal state position, political will of its leaders. The state structures activity for the destruction of the churches based on the purposeful ideological solutions of the leading organs of Communist party and headed state organs. Campaigns for the churches destruction, as a rule, correlated with the persecutions of faith, orthodox clergy and laity, coincided with the repression measures against the religious groups in USSR and Ukrainian SSR. The churches destructions or its transfiguration to the civil-households and other buildings not for its purpose in the same time delivered an irreparable blow to the spiritual-cultural heritage, because the religious buildings were the organic component of the domestic history, culture, the basis of the cultural-civilization traditions and one of the main marks of the historical-cultural memory.

ПОЛІТИКА УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ГРЕКО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОЇ ЦЕРКВИ ПІД ЧАС НАЦИСТСЬКОЇ ОКУПАЦІЇ (1939-1944 рр.)

Author(s): Vladyslav Havrylov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2021

The article analyzes the policy of the Greek Catholic Church on the territory of Ukraine during the Second World War. Particular attention is paid to the Western Ukrainian lands, the features of the relationship of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church with the Nazi administration, the leadership of the Gestapo and the Wehrmacht in the occupied territory are characterized. The aim of the work is to analyze the activities of representatives of Greek Catholics during the Nazi occupation. The relevance of the study. The relevance of the study is dictated by the absence of one general work on Greek Catholics in Ukraine during the Second World War, as well as by the need for a comparative analysis of the available works that were published in Soviet and modern Ukrainian historiography on the history of the UGCC during World War II. The method of work is based on the analysis of historical documents. Conclusions. 1939-1946 for the UGCC were marked by the struggle for survival under the pressure of Soviet, Nazi and again Soviet power.

Полски духовни песни в българската източнокатолическа музика

Author(s): Stefka Venkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Polish popular religious songs are part of the repertoires of both the Roman Catholic and the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches in Bulgaria. These songs were introduced in the paraliturgical practice via different ways. One reason was the influence of missionaries from monastic communities from Poland: the friars from the Resurrectionist Congregation, the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin и the Order of Friars Minor Conventual. On the other hand, the personal influence of St. Pope John Paul II also contributed to the process. During his pontificate, some Polish popular religious songs that he supposedly liked gained popularity in Bulgaria. The presence of Polish popular religious songs in the Eastern Catholic repertoire, accepted and assimilated in the local tradition, is an example of various interactions: between East and West; between Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic music; and between two Slavic cultures, the Polish and the Bulgarian one. The popular religious songs are a brilliant example of cultural transfer, implemented on different levels: religious, confessional, national and universal. The focus of the paper is on three songs, which are a part of the Eastern Catholic song repertoire in modern times.

Помињу ли се „Игумански манастири“ у Хиландарском типику?

Author(s): Viktor Savić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2017

In the currently available translations of the complete works of Saint Sava it is possible to find, among other things, a disputed phrase in the 13th chapter of the Typikon of Chilandar regarding the status of the Chilandar monastery and its hegumenos. The translation of this typikon is largely based on the text of the oldest manuscript copy dating from 1206 (Chil., AS 156). Earlier translators failed to capture the meaning of the successive clauses that place the monastery and the hegumenos at the same grammatical level. A multifaceted linguistic analysis, supported by the evidence of the corresponding phrase in the Typikon of Studenica, which is with great certainty assumed to have been shaped by Saint Sava, shows that the current interpretation is untenable. It is impossible to find the so-called ‘hegumenic monasteries’ on the Typikon of Chilandar, either in the oldest manuscript copy, or the later ones, from the third quarter of the 14th century. The phrase simply refers to ‘the monastery and the hegumenos, i.e. ‘monasteries and hegumenoi’.