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TRADE NETWORKS AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN SALONICA IN THE 1860s AND 1870s

Author(s): Yura Konstantinova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The article examines the process of separation of the Bulgarian community in Salonica from the Greek one in the 1860s and 1870s. Based on the example of the relationships between the Robev brothers and their Greek and Bulgarian trading partners, it examines the arduous and ambiguous course of national identity establishment in the period of disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. In the case of the Bulgarians in Salonica this process was further delayed by their small numbers in the city and by the tough competition on the part of the European and Jewish merchants to which they were exposed. The text features the different national choices made by individual families and by the different generations in order to trace the mechanisms that led to the establishment and consolidation of the Bulgarian national community in the city.

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„ВРАГОВЕ“ И „ПАТРИОТИ“ ОТВЪД БЕРЛИНСКАТА СТЕНА: НРБ И БЪЛГАРСКАТА ДИАСПОРА В ЗАПАДНА ЕВРОПА

Author(s): Blagovest Nyagulov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

This paper presents a brief overview of the topic of relations and links between People’s Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian diaspora in Western Europe during the Cold War. The policy of socialist Bulgaria to the Bulgarians abroad was based on political selection and was conducted through orchestrated contacts. In the context of the Cold War the migrants in the countries of the West were divided into “enemy” and “patriotic” (loyal) “emigration” in accordance with their attitude toward the communist regime. During the late socialism the regime in Sofia used more actively the “patriotic” arsenal to attract and use for its own purposes the so-called “Bulgarian colonies” in the “non-socialist countries”. But the ideological and political boundaries in the state policy were preserved. The topicis developed in view of the great importance of the issue of external migrations and relations with the diaspora for Bulgaria nowadays.

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FEMINIST RHETORIC IN BARACK OBAMA AND HILLARY CLINTON’S DISCOURSE

Author(s): Andreea Voina,Ada-Maria Ţîrlea / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2017

November 8, 2016, marked the beginning of a new era in the American political setting. The Obama era was known as a period of great opening, minority-friendly approach and liberal vision. Of the two candidates that were running for office in 2016, Hillary Clinton seemed to have the most similar approach to the now former president of the USA, Barack Obama;Clinton was framed as the de facto carrier and enforcer of Obama’s legacy. Feminist approaches are not gender-determined; Obama himself has made a mark as a feminist leader. Clinton ran for the highest office as a pioneer of women’s representation in politics. The aim of this paper is to discover the similarities between Obama’s discursive style and Hillary’s approach. Through critical discourse analysis, we launch this research in order to emphasize gender negotiations, in terms of both content and style.

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A Soros Alapítvány képzőművészeti támogatásai Magyarországon: A nyolcvanas évek második felének tendenciái

Author(s): Kristóf Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 21/2014

The following paper examines the influence of the Soros Foundation over the internal and external relations of the Hungarian art field form 1984 to 1989. More specifically, it investigates the forms and directions of fine art subsidization and their political and ideological contexts. The activities performed by the Soros Foundation in the second half of the 1980s can be seen as part of a regime change within the artistic scene. In their struggle for cultural hegemony various actors related to the Foundation were able to strengthen their counter-hegemonic artistic practices. Opposing the late socialist artistic hegemony of the Kádár regime, this also was the period when „contemporary” art appeared in Hungary for the first time. As a result, Hungarian art had been put into context with the Western art world: new dependencies were formed, within which Hungarian and Eastern European art found itself in a peripheral position. An important consequence of this was that Eastern European artists became forced to continually demonstrate their Europeanness both internally and externally.

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Az antipopulizmus mint a rendszerváltás szimbolikus eleme

Author(s): Ágnes Gagyi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 21/2014

The project of transition as „catching up” with the West implied the acceptance of a symbolic hierarchy according to which Eastern European societies are qualitatively inferior to Western ones. Locally, the acceptance of this frame of modernization ideology, which legitimizes global hierarchies by making reference to internal qualities of individual societies, is manifested in various mutations. Through showing Hungarian examples, the article traces such effects of symbolic subordination at the levels of macrostructural integration, local political struggles, and everyday struggles of symbolic identification.

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Черкезкият проблем, руската политика и Българското освобождение

Author(s): Ventsislav Muchinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2016

In the article, the author seeks the interrelation between two historic processes that seem to be independent of each other – the final conquest of the North Caucasus by the Russian army in the years after the Crimean War and the events that led to the Bulgarian liberation in 1878. The “linking point” between these two processes is the massive resettlement of the Circassian tribes from the Northwest Caucasus within the Ottoman Empire, including the Bulgarian lands under Ottoman rule – a resettlement that occupies an important place in the policy of the Russian rulers not only with regard to the Caucasus region but also against the Ottoman Empire and its possessions in the Balkans.

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Management for the Society of the Future: New Trends in the Training for Civil Servants in Ukraine

Author(s): Raisa Naumenko / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2017

“The Society of the Future” as a futuristic project is a powerful source of modern management. The necessity of the new management for the society of the future is a paramount task for any country. In this article, we focus our attention on Ukraine. After the Revolution of Dignity, our country shows good dynamics of changes in the public sphere. However, these changes are hampered by old and ineffective management practices at the middle-level and lower-level of managers. Why is this happening? What strategies should be employed to remedy the situation? What are the new trends in training of civil servants in Ukraine? Research demonstrates that for various reasons a significant part of civil servants does not engage in the systematic development of their professional resource that is based on creativity. At the same time, a high level of tension existing in professional activity, specific difficulties in the public service system cause problems in the personal and professional development of civil servants, thus complicating the process of revealing this potential and, accordingly, obtaining the highest level of competence through the implementation of professional activities. This requires the establishment of an independent system evaluation of the managerial staff, based on personal merit and competence, in particular the development of competency profiles for senior managers in the Public Service system, as well as tools for evaluating candidates for management positions; the establishment of a network of independent evaluation centers for candidates for management positions.

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Еволюція розвитку системи підготовки кваліфікованих робітничих кадрів в Україні протягом ХХ століття

Author(s): A. Lapteva / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 22/2012

The article is devoted to the scientific views of evolution of development of the system of the professional training of workings personnels in Ukraine. The different of the stages of evolution of development of the system of the professional training of workings personnels are analysed. Directions of improvement of its scientific generalization and subsequent study of experience of the experience of vocational education.

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Аналіз стану правового середовища реалізації освітньої політики в україні та використання його в умовах розвитку регіону

Author(s): G. Zelinska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 22/2012

The article highlights the issue of legal education policy and educational management. Particularly noted that the effective formation of regional educational management priority is the decentralization of certain functions of state and transfer them to the regional level of management.

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Соціально-трудовий потенціал суспільства: трансформація ціннісних орієнтацій

Author(s): V. Kramarenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 22/2012

The essence of category «social-labour potential» was reflected. Meaningfulness of moral-ethics constituent of social-labour potential was exposed. The transformations of the valued orientations were analysed. The suggestions relatively of adjustment of moral-ethics constituent of social-labour potential were developed.

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Трудові ресурси промисловості Південного регіону: аналіз, визначення основних проблем та шляхів їх вирішення

Author(s): V. Kondratieva / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 22/2012

The made analysis of a manpower of the industry of the Southern region, the main problems are defined. The main recommendations concerning ways of preservation and development of a manpower of the region are offered.

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Did Stalin Wish a Federation in the Balkans? The End of the Federal Idea in Bulgarian-Yugoslav Relations

Author(s): Dimitar Petkov / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2016

The analysis of some written sources and the estimation of Stalin’s political behaviour bring to the conclusion that in the Balkan politics of the Soviet leader did not exist real wish and targeted actions towards creating a communist federative union in the Balkan peninsula, despite the fact that many historians support the opposite opinion – that the Soviet leader aimed at establishing such federation. Stalin used the federative idea to understand in details and to use the contradictions between the Balkan countries with communist rule on the question of federation. With this manipulative policy Stalin wanted to strengthen the role of Moscow in the relationships between the Balkan communist states as part of the main strategy – the creation of a block of countries in Eastern Europe under the power of Kremlin. The article shows how the federative idea came down from the Balkan political stage. This process occurred after the famous Soviet-Yugoslav-Bulgarian meeting on February 10, 1948 in the Kremlin and it was connected with the outbreak of the Soviet-Yugoslav conflict in 1948. The article also reveals how the communist leaders in the Balkans did not understand the manipulative policy of Stalin on the question of federation.

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Bulgaria and the Rapprochement between Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Soviet Bloc in the Face of the Geopolitical Shift in East Asia during the 1970s

Author(s): Evgeniy Kandilarov,Kim Soyoung,Gwon Jin Choi / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2016

The paper put under analysis the dynamics of the slow but gradual rapprochement in the relations between Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the USSR and the Soviet Bloc from the second half of 60s and the beginning of the 70s of the XXth century. That change is fully related with the shift of the whole geopolitical paradigm of the Cold War in East Asia that became clearly visible since the end of 60s and the beginning of the 70s which is mostly related with the rapprochement between USA and PRC as a consequence from the Sino-Soviet split. This important geopolitical shift has its important impact on the international relations in the region as well as on the situation on the Korean peninsula. One of the main consequences was the new change of the North Korean position from a Chinese ally within the Sino-Soviet split at the beginning of the 60s to a neutral and rather pro-Soviet position at the end of 60s and the beginning of 70s. It was of a great importance for the Soviet Union to somehow counterbalance the new Chinese policy of the US. From this point of view any possibility to bring back the DPRK along to its side was considered from the USSR as an opportunity to return its influence and positions of power in East Asia. The new geopolitical shift which created also new possibilities for solving the Issue about the Korean unification gave the Soviet Union and its ally countries a new political tool used for the returning DPRK back to the positions of the Soviet bloc against China and USA. This tool was the support (both economic and political) that DPRK desperately needed and the Soviet bloc countries provided to North Korea defending its positions within the International community and mainly in the UN. Through the analyses of various Bulgarian archival materials becomes clear that in that process of rapprochement between DPRK and the Soviet Bloc from in the beginning of the 70s, very important role has been played by Bulgaria itself which turned out to be a kind of mediator between USSR and North Korea. To some extent Bulgarian government played the role of mediator or transmission in the dialog between Moscow and Pyongyang. At the same time it is clearly visible that both countries, Bulgaria and DPRK, took the advantage of the new change in the general geopolitical situation in the East-West relations at the end of the 60s and the beginning of 70s that offered them a new possibilities and opportunities for more intensive and mutually beneficial political and mostly economic relations.

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Власт и неподвластни страсти: проституцията в османското общество (XVIII век)

Author(s): Orlin Sabev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The paper deals with prostitution in 18th century Ottoman society, Bulgarian lands including. Legislation on prostitution, resting both on the intransigent rules of religious law (sharia) and on the more tolerable Ottoman state law (some customary laws included), is taken into consideration. The paper is based on comparative analyses of literary narratives, “urban legends” and documentary sources from Ottoman archives related to prostitution and its persecution. The archives dating from the 18th century show that all measures (systematic and accidental) undertaken by the Ottoman authorities to combat and wipe out prostitution – mainly through imprisonment and expulsion of prostitutes and state servants caught in immoral contacts with prostitutes – had but a minimal effect. It was realized in the 19th century that prostitution is nothing but the “necessary evil” and that it is better to control through legalization of brothels and taxation of prostitutes (after the western pattern) than to apply rigorous measures, death penalty including.

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Международна научна конференция “The ‘State Artist’ in Romania and Eastern Europe”, Букурещ, 5 октомври 2016 г.

Author(s): Lina Gergova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

Scholarly Conference

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Bulgarian Educational Policy towards Minorities and the Muslim Students in Al Azhar in the 1930s

Author(s): Dimitar Gyudurov / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2016

Bulgaria’s educational policy towards the Muslim minority was determined by international and bilateral treaties, state legislation, economic and social processes in Bulgarian society and was influenced by the foreign policy goals of the state. From a spiritual point of view, the main educational center of the Muslim community in Bulgaria was created after the end of the First World War. The Quranic School in Shumen “Madrasa-t-yun-Nyuvvab” was the only one of its kind in the Balkans. In the 1930s his graduates were the first Bulgarian citizens sent to attend the Egyptian Al-Azhar Spiritual Academy.

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Дарина Григорова. Империя феникс: между съветското минало и евразийското бъдеще. София, Военно издателство, 2015, 192 с.

Author(s): Petya B. Dimitrova / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2016

Book review

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The Left and the Church in Greece: The ambiguity of political and religious domain relationships

Author(s): Niki Papageorgiou / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2017

The occupation of government power by a leftist party in Greece (in January 2015) has formed a new political landscape and given rise to new political expectations after a long period of administration by the so-called system parties. The left-wing party, SYRIZA, was voted by Greek citizens as a new political force that could bring new policies, as it had the ambition to solve the country’s economic problems, bring social justice and tackle the severe humanitarian crisis caused by the recent long economic crisis. Regarding the religious field, the fixed aim of leftist parties was the separation between the State and the Church, which would lead to the full independence of the State from any religious or ecclesiastical influence, as well as the seizure of church assets by the State, the obligation for the clergy’s payroll to be covered by the Church, and similar demands regarding many other issues that shape the relationship between the State and the Church in Greece. This paper investigates especially the relationship between SYRIZA and the Church of Greece during the one-year period of the left-wing government, through the official discourse and political practices of the governing leftist party. For this purpose, the left-wing government’s political practices and stance towards the “religious issue,” as they are expressed by the party’s official press medium, the Avgi newspaper, are analyzed.

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Latin-Amerika: Integrációk túlkínálata

Author(s): Béla Soltész / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 16/2011

Latin America, the development of the ongoing integration process has taken a quantitative, rather than a qualitative direction. Instead of a deepening integration organization, ten integration projects exist in a parallel way: the Andean Community of Nations, Mercosur, ALBA, UNASUR and some further organizations. On one side, it has been the controversies between United States and Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela that has multiplied the integration organizations, however, the main reasons of the wrecking of the integration process(es) have rather been of structural character. Among these, the low level of economic complementarity, the peculiarities of Latin American presidential regimes, the historical interstate political tensions, the lack of physical infrastructure and the lack of social integration are to be mentioned. The present essay has three objectives. First, it gives an historical overview of the formation of Latin American integration organizations. Second, it analyses the aforementioned structural obstacles. Third, it gives an outlook on the circumstances that may shape the future of Latin American integration.

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Aspects de la politique bulgare dans les Balkans dans le contexte de la préparation et l’exécution de CSCE

Author(s): Irina Grigorova / Language(s): French Issue: 3-4/2017

Despite the popular feature of Bulgaria as the most faithful satellite of the Soviet Union during the Cold War, Sofia used cleverly different mechanisms to attract Moscow’s support to ensure national security. One of them was the emphasis on the image of the most loyal Soviet ally, and in the practice of Bulgarian diplomacy one could see the subtle impact by referring to common goals with the global strategic plans of the USSR. The article highlights some of the outstanding issues on the Balkans and follows the arguments that the Bulgarian political leadership handled, as well as the acceptable compromises it was willing to make to ensure Soviet support in favor of national interests in the years of the preparation and conduct of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe.

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