FINNO-UGRIC FOLK TRADITIONS EXPRESSING IDENTITY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

Author(s): Vilmos Voigt / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

The study of folk traditions may serve the development of ethnic and national identity. The history of such researches among the Finno-Ugric peoples in Russia proves that statement. The paper portrays the Finnish, Hungarian and Russian research history from the 18th century until today. The language, folklore and ethnography of Finno-Ugric peoples contributed much to the national identity of those peoples. Institutions in Finland, Hungary and Estonia served the same purpose. The attitude of the Russian state was impressive and it has changed several times. The role of the Pravoslav Church and its Kazan Priest’ Seminary deserves special attention. The paper is of summarizing character and in the bibliography only the most important publications are listed.

IN SEARCH OF MORAL BALANCE: CONVERSION AND CHURCH ADHERENCE IN THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH DURING THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD

Author(s): Tünde Komáromi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

In this paper I return to the question of church adherence and conversion adding ethnographic depth to my discussion with the intention of making some generalisations. In a previous paper (KOMÁROMI 2011a) I reflected on the relationship between possession and conversion and I presented the cases of two women. Beginning with this paper I would like to broaden the perspective on conversion and relate the processes involved more generally to life crisis situations, conflicted relationships, severe illnesses or death and mourning.

RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE IN THE CROSS-BORDER REGION OF TORNIO RIVER VALLEY

Author(s): Helena Ruotsala / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

The aim of my paper is to discuss the cross-border region of the Tornio River Valley between Finland and Sweden as a religious landscape. The present state border between the two countries was defined in1809, at a time when the border was not between Finland and Sweden, but between Sweden and Russia, and it dramatically severed the Finnish-speaking area in the river valley. First I will discuss the shared religious heritage in this area, the Laestadian Movement. Then I shall discuss the position of the Orthodox religion focusing on the Orthodox Church in Tornio (Finland). The church was built after Finland became part of the Russian Empire. In conclusion I shall focus on the role of religion/church in contemporary life in the cross-border area. Or, how the church is taking into account the profound changes in this cross-border area? Before I turn to my cases, I shall present a brief historical account of this area, because the contemporary situation must be seen in the light of historical and political change. This article is part of my research project in which I am focusing on everyday transnationalism, as experienced by town dwellers.

VITA - KÖNYVSZEMLE

Author(s): Zsolt Adorjáni,Elvira Pataki,László Takács,László Berczelly,Attila Jakab / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2010

Review of: 1. GLENN PATTEN: PINDAR’S METAPHORS. A STUDY IN RHETORIC AND MEANING. (Bibliothek der klassischen Altertumswissenschaften. Hrsg. von Jürgen Paul Schwindt 2, 124) Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2009. X + 275 o. by: Adorjáni Zsolt 2. J. ASSAËL: POUR UNE POÉTIQUE DE L’INSPIRATION, D’HOMÈRE À EURIPIDE . Éditions Peeters, Leuven 2006. (Collection d’Études Classiques vol. 21.), 307 o. by: Pataki Elvira 3. STOICI ROMANI MINORI (TESTI GRECI E LATINI A FRONTE). A cura di Ilaria Ramelli, Introduzione di Roberto Radice. Edizione Bompiani, Milano 2008. L + 2632 o. by: Takács László 4. MICHAEL C. J. PUTNAM: POETIC INTERPLAY: CATULLUS & HORACE. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford 2006. X + 172 o. by: Takács László 5. GERHARD H. WALDHERR: NERO. ÉLETRAJZ. Fordította Kajtár Mária és Farkas Tünde. („Királyi házak”) Gabo kiadó, Budapest 2008. 334 o. by: Takács László 6. GESZTELYI TAMÁS – VARGA TERÉZ (szerk.): RÓMAI POLGÁROK ÉS URALKODÓK KÉPI ÜZENETEI. (Agatha XXII.) Debrecen 2007. 245 oldal, benne 61 színes és f.-f. tábla. by: Berczelly László 7. WALTER BAUER: ORTHODOXIE ET HÉRÉSIE AUX DÉBUTS DU CHRISTIANISME. Seconde édition revue et complétée par un Supplément de Georg Strecker . Traduction par Philippe Vuagnat, révisée et complétée par Christina et Simon C. Mimouni . Préface d’Alain Le Boulluec. (Patrimoines. Christianisme) Les Éditions du Cerf, Paris 2009. 348 o. by: Jakab Attila 8. ENRICO NORELLI: MARIE DES APOCRYPHES. ENQUÊTE SUR LA MÈRE DE JÉSUS DANS LE CHRISTIANISME ANTIQUE. (Christianismes antiques) Labor et Fides, Genève 2009. 178 o. by: Jakab Attila 9. F. GRAF: APOLLON. GODS AND HEROES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD. Routledge , London/New York 2009. XVIII + 190 oldal mutatókkal. by: Pataki Elvira 10. BANGHA, I. – MÉSZÁROS, T. (edd.): A DANUBIO AD USQUE GANGEN. KLASSZIKA-FILOLÓGIAI, INDOLÓGIAI ÉS MAGYAR KULTÚRTÖRTÉNETI TANULMÁNYOK A 80 ÉVES VEKERDI JÓZSEF KÖSZÖNTÉSÉRE. Typotex, Budapest 2009. 265 o. by: Adorjáni Zsolt

John Paul II’s speeches to commemorate the Saints Cyril and Methodius along with Bulgarians

Author(s): Natalia Naumow / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2017

This article analyzes the speeches prepared by John Paul II for the annual visits of Bulgarian delegations on the occasion of celebrations of the Saints Cyril and Methodius (around May 24th). The fourteen texts prepared for these visits together with his speeches during the Pope’s Apostolic Journey to Bulgaria in 2002 and during the presentations of letters of credence for Bulgarian Ambassadors to the Holy See present a very interesting and understudied material for a better analysis of the Pope’s Slavic, ecumenical and European ideas. The Pope sees this tradition as a continuation of politics of John XXIII and Paul VI.

Ако някога те забравя, Йерусалиме...

Author(s): Iskra Hristova Shomova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 02/2017

Опелото на Васил Левски

Author(s): Dimitar Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2017

Was a funeral service made after Vassil Levski’s death? An examination of the versions around the hanging, the burial and the priests who might have served leads to the conclusion that no funeral service over Levski’s mortal remains was made at Sofia. Yet, the rite was performed at Karlovo over the hair which the Deacon had given to his mother. The cleric who performed the funeral service was Archimandrite Constantine (Popov), the future Metropolitan of Vratsa, a follower of Internal Revolutionary Organization. His testimony throws light on Levski’s real image and his fondness of the Orthodox Church traditions.

Летописни бележки на Поп Христо от 1760 година

Author(s): Denitsa Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2017

In the National Library in Sofia under the signature of Rц ХVІІ.2 a Russian Prayer printed book from the 17th century is preserved. On pages added later there are three groups of notes written by priest Hristo. The third group of notes from 1760 have the character of a short chronicle. The first nine notes indicate the number of years passed between important Biblical events. The following eight notes are dedicated to historical events from the creating of the Slavonic alphabet to the capture of Constantinople in 1453. Probably the source of the evidence is a Serbian short chronicle. Priest Hristo is one of the last writers who follow the medieval model of describing history.

BOSANSKO ČETVEROEVANĐELJE - SOFIJSKI ODLOMCI

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Church Slavonic Issue: 80/2018

The Sophia fragment of the Gospels comes from a mediaeval codex that belonged to the Bosnian Church. It is kept in the Bulgarian National Library of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Sophia, under call sign. НБКМ 23+468, in the Славянски ръкописи or Slavic Manuscripts collection. The surviving fragment comprises 52 pages from what was originally a much larger manuscript. It contains parts of the second half of the Gospel according to Matthew and the beginning of the Gospel according to Mark. The surviving sections of the codex offer no information that might point to the book's earliest owners and the manuscript has no marginal glosses, but repairs to it and liturgical markings added subsequently do suggest it may have been kept for at least a short period of time in an Orthodox monastery. The Sophia Gospels were copied out in the second half of the 14th century in a Cyrillic script whose palaeographic and orthographic features are consistent with contemporary Church Slavonic manuscripts from Bosnia, while linguistic forms found in the fragments suggest they may have come from an area with a diphthongic value for Jat. The lexical choices in the Sophia Gospels are reliable evidence that the exemplar used by the scribe was highly archaic, a finding in line with the current state of knowledge regarding the Bosnian group, which passed on the oldest version of Cyril and Methodius’ translation of the New Testament. This critical edition of the Sophia Gospels, which includes variants from two other Bosnian manuscripts, the Vrutok and the Dovolje Gospels, has confirmed the high degree of closeness between the exemplars of the Sophia and of the Vrutok gospels. This research makes it possible to state that the Bosnian Sophia Gospels offer a typical example of the New Testament text as preserved under the aegis of the Bosnian Church.

Historicko-geografické determinanty OvplyvňUJÚCE zahraničnopolitickú ideovú orientáciu Ruskej federácie

Author(s): Jozef Švarný / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 27/2017

This article presents selected historical and geopolitical events contributing to formation od specific Russian identity throughout its earliest times up to security developments in 21st century. Cultural awareness formed by those events does contribute to current Russian foreign policy formulation no only to relation to its „near neighborhood“, but also within broader ontological forces shaping current processes of globalization. Ontological narrative of specific Russian „Self “ within international security environment does shape its actions in world affairs. and to a significant degree can point to likely future behavior. Such onto-logically based security behavior will be thus based more on epistemological rather than on „rational actor behavior“ approach. We will try to prove this concept throughout the text by defining driving forces forming identity of Russian federation and consequently on two major security involvements in Ukraine and in Syria.

Насеља и становништво Гокчанице у средњем и раном новом веку

Author(s): Srđan Katić,Tatjana M. Katić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

This paper discusses development of settlements and population dynamics of the Gokčanica region in the first centuries of Ottoman administration. By analyzing several unpublished Ottoman land registers and financial books, the authors are showing that this mining region was organized as a separate administrative unit during the reign of the Ottoman Empire, and how it covered a territory larger than the one presently understood as the area of Gokčanica. The amplitudes of mining and ferrous metallurgy, which were the dominant local industry, influenced the migrations of population and settlement models. The most populous villages were not established in places best fitted for living, but in those most convenient for operation of smelters, which also influenced other economic activities. Contrary to popular tradition, population of Gokčanica was entirely Serb and Eastern Orthodox, and isolated from the Islamization process.

Да похапнем на Балканите на път към Светите земи

Author(s): Yoanna Bencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The present article examines the reports on food in the Balkans made by pilgrims on their way to or back from the Holy Land. The research is focused on reports of pilgrims originating from Western Europe as well as the Russian territories from the period between the 11th and 15th century. Among those pilgrims are the Englishman William Wеy, the Germans Arnold von Harff, Felix Fabri, Johannes Schiltberger, Bernhard von Breydenbach, Ludolph von Suchem, the Burgundian Bertrandon de la Broquière, the two Spaniards Pero Tafur and Ruy Gonzales de Clavijo, the Italians Pietro Casola, Bernardo Michelozzi, the Irishman Symon Semeonis, the Russians Danilo, Antonius of Novgorod, Zosim and others. The article traces out their routes through the Balkans and the food possibilities that they discovered in Dalmatia, Constantinople, Peloponnese or the interior of the Peninsula. It gives answers to the following questions: what preparations did the pilgrims make before their journey to the Holy Land; which food they preferred and was most likely to satisfy their needs – the meal in taverns, monasteries, on the ship, on the ruler’s table or the self-prepared food; was there any difference between their food in different parts of the Balkans; which were their favourite meals; were there any differences between the food preferences of the Western European and the Russian pilgrims. Some travellers compiled dictionaries to facilitate their communication with the local people and to assure easier procurement of food and shelter. The article analyses the words in different languages referring to food included in the dictionaries; this gives an idea about the differences between the tastes of the Balkan population – Slavs, Greeks, Albanians, Turks.

RAZVOJ LITURGIJSKOGA ŽIVOTA NA PRAVOSLAVNOM ISTOKU - SRPSKA CRKVA OD 13. DO 21. STOLJEĆA

Author(s): Vladimir Vukašinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2016

The history of Serbian liturgical practice is a relatively young theological discipline within the realm of liturgics. The paper includes both earlier and current findings in this field. It will show how other disciplines of Medievistics contribute to a better understanding of theological phenomena in history. The eight-century long history of liturgical life in the Serbian Orthodox church abounds in sacral dynamism. The natural and spiritual position of Serbs among other Orthodox nations of the East and the West contributed to the continuous exchange of liturgical forms, which then gained a specific character within the Serbian culture. Apart from prominent individuals, there were also monks, bishops, professors and others who were the emissaries of liturgical tendencies. Many key issues relevant for an accurate view of liturgical development have been discussed and resolved in this paper, such as: the emergence of Hesychasm, the spread of the printing press and the culture of copying manuscripts in monasteries, etc. There is a special emphasis on the development of liturgical practice in the last century with an overview of the current situation in the scientific sphere.

Паломнические дневники как источники о духовном развитии русской интеллигенции в XIX — начале XX века

Author(s): Maria Andreevna Balahonova,Vladimir Sergeevich Okolotin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article discusses the problem of a role of intelligentsia in the development of statehood and culture of Russia and foreign countries and values of religion in formation of world culture as well. The relevance of a subject is caused by revival of a pilgrimage of believers to the holy places which we see today, but which is shown in shape of the known tourism, unlike the previous period. The large role in it is played by Imperial Orthodox Palestinian society and also churches and monasteries because they move believers on a pilgrimage. According to the Russian spiritual mission in Jerusalem, more than one million Russians annually visit the Holy Land, and it is expected that their stream will grow. In this research the purpose is set, using an integrated approach, to show a role of different categories of intelligentsia of Russia in the XIX — the beginning of the XX century (the military aristocracy — in formation of statehood, clergy — in strengthening of religion, the art intelligentsia — in cultural development). Within this purpose the following tasks are formulated: using an analytical method, by means of short characteristic of biographies of authors of sources to show their belonging to intelligentsia; to give critical evaluation to sources, having analyzed the concrete facts.

Saradnja muslimanskog i pravoslavnog stanovništva u toku austrougarske okupacije Bosne i Hercegovine 1878-1882. godine

Author(s): Nada Tomović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 81-82/2019

This paper investigates the cooperation of the Mulim and Orthodox population during the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 1878 to 1879. By decision of the Berlin Congress (1878), Austro-Hungarian Empire obtained the right to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina. Despite the fact that Montenegro gained the independence and significant territorial expansion, it was difficult to accept loosing the ares that it had liberated together with the Herzegovinian rebels. On the other hand, the Muslim population, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina, did not accept the new governence. This motivated cooperation of the former enemies against the Austro-Hungarian authorities. However, Montenegro was in a very specific situation. The Vienna government gave the ultimatum to Cetinje to renounce its pretensions in Herzegovina. Therefore, Prince Nikola had to enforce the resereved policy, in oder to avoid political and economic implications that could result from the conflict with the powerful neighbour. Nevertheless, the Herzegovinian rebels and prominent Muslims were expecting a help from Cetinje. Montenegro secretly helped the rebels even after the uprising was suppressed in 1878, and also provided help for the uprising in 1882. Both the Orthodox and Muslim population have found refuge in Montenegro.

ПЕРЕНЕСЕНИЕ МОЩЕЙ ПРП. ИОАННА РИЛЬСКОГО (1469) В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРАВОСЛАВНЫХ БАЛКАН ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XV ВЕКА

Author(s): Dmitry Igorevich Polyvyannyy / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2019

Translation of St. John of Rila’s holy relics from Tyrnovo to Rila monastery in the literary works devoted to it was represented as an eschatological epilogue of the medieval Bulgarian culture. A decomposition of the description within the context of the social and confessional realities of the early Ottoman domination at orthodox Balkans allows to look at the event itself against the background of the emerging sociocultural processes. Their main actors were local communities of clergy, former aristocracy and citizens as well as intellectual networks of authors and scribes. The renewed sacral geography of the former Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian lands became an element of the early Ottoman sociocultural landscape. The translation of St. John of Rila’s relics is represented in the article as result of common efforts which lead to the affirmation of Rila monastery as the main spiritual and cultural center of the Bulgarian lands under Ottoman domination.

Cerkiew w służbie imperium

Author(s): Siergiej Czapnin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 675/2019

Nastał nowy etap historii prawosławia w Rosji: neoimperialny lub neosowiecki. Nowe imperium potrzebuje zarówno religii jako formy legitymizacji niedemokratycznej władzy, jak i sowieckiej przeszłości jako mitologicznego okresu wielkich bohaterów.

Maximos életrajza: források és következtetések

Author(s): Miklós Vassányi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2016

This paper intends to offer a sort of status quaestionis concerning St Maximus the Confessor’s life story. In a first instance, the biographical sources are enumerated under two headings: 1. Greek and Latin sources; 2. Syriac monophysite sources. The first group includes Maximus’ correspondence, the Diputatio cum Pyrrho, the Relatio motionis, the Disputatio Bizyae, the Hypomnesticon, the Vita Maximi and several minor epistles. Among the Syriac sources, generally hostile towards the Confessor, we find George of Resh’aino’s invective, Michael the Syriac, the Chronicon anonymi, and Bar Hebraeus’ chronicle. For each source text, a description and an analysis is offered with especial respect to the main moot question of the Confessor’s biography, namely, to whether he was of Constantinopolitan or of Palestinian birth. The conclusion is that all considered, the second option seems more likely in the mirror of the most recent research.

СРПСКА И АНГЛИКАНСКА ЦРКВА У ПРВОЈ ПОЛОВИНИ 20. ВИЈЕКА

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2003

In compliance with Serbian and Yugoslav allied and state relationships with „western democracies”, the Serbian Orthodox Church was connected with the churches of liberal-democratic countries. By following the ideological and political orientation of the mother country, the Serbian Orthodox Church expressed a special closeness with the Anglican Church and old-Catholic churches. These churches, that had supported the European liberal civil order of that time, became closer due to ideological dislike towards Vatican and the Roman-Catholic Church. The relationship between the Serbian Orthodox Church and Anglican Church was especially close. There was even tendency for dogmatic (doctrinaire) and liturgical unity between these two churches. The Serbian Orthodox Church was also actively involved in the attempt of ecumenical unification of all the Orthodox churches, at the head of which would be the ecumenical Constantinople patriarch, with the Anglican Church. In the compliance with its western orientation, the Serbian Orthodox Church, in agreement with the Anglican one, actively participated in the occurrences in March 27, 1941, supporting the plan of British officials for coup d’etat, as well as the action of British oriented Serbian officers and political parties.

VERSKI LIBERALIZAM I POLITlČKA AKTIVNOST SRPSKE PRAVOSLAVNE CRKVE U KRALJEVINI JUGOSLAVIJI

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1995

In keeping with the existent relations between Serbia and Yugoslavia and the countries of bourgeois liberalism, the so-called »western democracies«, the Serbian Orthodox Church also developed ties with the churches of these countries. As a result the Serbian Orthodox Church was marked by religious liberalism (religious tolerance, patriotic feelings for the fatherland etc.). Religious liberalism turned the activity of the Serbian Orthodox Church toward close co-operation with Protestant and Catholic churches of democratic countries. A particularly close tie was formed with the Anglican Church and plans were made for the dogmatic and liturgical union of the two churches. The Serbian Orthodox Church was until 1937 a constitutional religious organization, which supported the official Francophile course and the Yugoslav national ideology of King Alexander. The Church demonstrated its support by applauding the Yugoslav regime based on ideas of bourgeois liberalism and Yugoslav nationalism. During the tutelary reign of Prince Pavle, the Church’s loyalty was lost due to changes in the country's domestic and foreign politics. The drawing away from France and Great Britain of Yugoslavia, especially after 1937, also led to a gradual withdrawal from positions of authority in the country of people who believed in the unity of Yugoslavia. The inclination of the tutelary regime to create closer ties with Italy, Germany and the Vatican provoked a marked opposition in the Serbian Orthodox Church. The growing favor shown the Roman-Catholic church by Yugoslavia led in 1937 to the crisis of the concord, resulting in serious conflicts and incidents. The Serbian Orthodox Church will have an important part in the »liberals« coup d’etat« by joining the efforts of West-oriented Yugoslav officers, liberal political parties (especially the Agricultural Party) and organization^, such as the Falcons, National Defence etc. in preparing and carrying out) the coup d’etat od 27 March 1941.