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ОБЩ МЮСЮЛМАНСКО-ХРИСТИЯНСКИ ОТПОР НА БАЛКАНИТЕ? ДВИЖЕНИЕТО ЗА БОЙКОТ ПО ВРЕМЕ НА БОСНЕНСКАТА КРИЗА ПРЕЗ 1908–1909 г.

Author(s): Roumiana Preshlenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article examines the Boycott as a reaction against the Annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary and the proclamation of the Bulgarian independence from the Ottoman Empire. As a formal violation of the Berlin Treaty from 1878, they unleashed the most serious international crisis on the eve of the First World War. The article reveals the different forms of this protest movement against goods and ships from the Dual Monarchy and Greece in the Balkans and outside the region. The text puts the boycott in the broader context of political, ideological and economic claims in the Ottoman Empire, Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania.

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The Settlement Ethnicity Structure and the Convents of the Rila Monastery (the Example of Gabrovo and Nevrokop)

Author(s): Zhana Pencheva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The paper analyses the impact ethnicity structure of on the process of refusal to accept monks of the Rila Monastery and the closure of its convents in the Bulgarian settlements. Two urban centres are under consideration, Gabrovo and Nevrokop, characterised by a different ethnicity structure. While Gabrovo is a purely Bulgarian settlement, Nevrokop has a mixed population. The author analyses the intensity of the processes and the influence of the different ethnic groups with their economic and political possibilities to achieve the desired results.

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Vinko Tadić, Sat povijesti i čas (h)istorije. Izbor tekstova (2014. — 2019.)

Author(s): Vesna Kostić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2021

Review of: Vesna Kostić - Vinko Tadić, Sat povijesti i čas (h)istorije. Izbor tekstova (2014. — 2019.), Požega: Povijesno društvo Požega, 2020., 149. str.

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František Šistek (ur.), Imagining Bosnian Muslims in Central Europe: Representations, Transfers and Exchanges

Author(s): Dejan Jović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Dejan Jović - František Šistek (ed.), Imagining Bosnian Muslims in Central Europe: Representations, Transfers and Exchanges, New York i London: Berghahn, 2021., 251 str.

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GREEK? REVOLUTION? HISTORIOGRAPHICAL INSCRIPTIONS OF A HISTORICAL EVENT

Author(s): Maria Todorova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

This article is taking account of the different historiographical frameworks in which the 1821 Greek Revolution has (or not) found its place. The clusters identified reflect the ways in which Greek history and by extension the Greek Revolution, itself a function of the overall reception of Greek history, are globalized. They show their prevalence in some rubrics and relative absence in others, depending on the epoch. Among the rubrics, foremost is the question whether, when and by whom the events of 1821 were represented as a revolution and why some historiographical traditions withhold this characterization. Other clusters, analyzed comparatively and in the context of modernity, are nationalism studies, international relations, especially the Eastern Question, the issue of violence, as well as women studies. Finally, addressed is the issue why the Greek Revolution, without doubt global in its imagination, connections and ramifications, is sorely missing from the big narratives of world history.

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The Idea of Peasant Soldiery in the Byzantine and Ottoman States in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries

Author(s): N. Esim Mergen Türk / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2021

The practice of specialization of certain groups into a peasant militia by the granting of land in compensation for military service existed with certain similarities in both the Byzantine and Ottoman states as in the example of Byzantine stratiotes as smallholding soldiers and the Ottoman yaya corps. The paper focuses on this impact of the Byzantine organization of its peasant soldiery to that of the Ottomans in the first half of the fourteenth century. On the other hand, it was the Ottomans who influenced the Byzantine military in the second half of the fifteenth century which was significant in the case of the Despotate of Morea as the two late contemporary Byzantine philosophers had pointed out. Thus, a comparative analysis of both sides shows the inevitable acculturation between cultures in the Medieval period by the way of social and military elements or through the influence of contemporary Byzantine and Ottoman intellectuals, who are familiar with both cultures. This phenomenon shows that the military practices are transformed throughout the centuries as if it is a genetic circle within the cultures.

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Development of Mining in Sakar Mountain in the 15th and 16th Centuries. Demographic and Economic Characteristics of the Population Engaged in Ore Mining and Metalworking

Author(s): Stefan Dimitrov / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2021

The present study is based on unpublished Ottoman tax registers (tapu tahrir defterleri) kept at the collections of the Ottoman Аrchive in Istanbul (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi). The author aims to identify the ethno-religious characteristics of the population engaged in ore mining and metalworking, its tax liabilities and economic activity. From the late 15th c. to the 1530s the region of Sakar Mountain ranked among the significant mining and metalworking centres in the Bulgarian lands, such as Samokov, Chiprovtsi, Zhelezna, Etropole, etc. Later on it gradually declined and can hardly be characterized as “significant”. This decline in ore mining in Sakar Mountain is evidenced by both the general negative demographic trend among the mining population and the fact that after the 1530s this mining population was no longer recorded as a separate group in the Ottoman registers. It is also indicative that in the 16th century the miners gradually and more and more actively engaged in parallel agricultural activity, and at the same time the mining settlements began to fall away from the sultan’s hasses and were assigned different status (timars, mülks, vakıfs).

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XV. Yüzyılın Ansiklopedisi Dürr-i Meknun ve Dili Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Author(s): Zeynep Şimşek Umaç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2021

In this article, Dürr-i Meknun’s grammatical properties has studied. Dürr-i Meknun was written in Old Oghuz Turkish which is the most important periods of Western Turkish. It is an encyclopedia for the period in which was written due to the richness of its contents. Period of this book is a transition period between the Old Oghuz Turkish to advanced literary language which was called Ottoman Turkish. In this study was aimed to introduce of a transition period’s book’s grammatical properties. The place of the book in our cultural history was tried to be reminded by giving general information about the book and the author. Because of this book has been studied before, in this study only the prominent phonetic and morphological properties of the period are emphasized it is aimed to emphasize the transition period properties that characterize the period. In accordance with the characteristics of the period, the book appears to have gived point to the features of the Ottoman Turkish literary language.

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Документална реконструкция на слабо изследвани моменти от историята на киното, свързани с Балканите

Author(s): Gergana Doncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2020

A presentation of the Peter Kardjilov’s book The Cinematographic Activities of Charles Rider Noble and John Mackenzie in the Balkans (Volume One). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020.

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Щрихи върху ежедневието на дербентджийското и войнушкото население през XVI–XVII век

Author(s): Krastyo Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The main object of this study is, on the basis of some Ottoman documents, to shed new light on the everyday life of some settlements situated along the busy road from the Ottoman capital city of Istanbul to Central Europe. Some details are given about the daily duties of the Bulgarians who went to work in the Capital’s State Stables or went on a risky journey, following the conquests of the Ottoman army. They are studied on the basis of an unpublished list of voynuks assigned to service. The population of the Christian villages along important roads most often performed derbendji service. Despite their tax privileges, Bulgarians from these villages had a difficult life. They were often disturbed by the presence of Ottoman troops and state officials, who during war, but in peacetime as well, moved along this main road, staying in people’s houses and expecting to be fed and supplied with provisions. The everyday life in the villages of the region of the Balkan Mountains Range and the Sredna gora Mountain, far from the busy roads, was quite different. There the population was engaged in cattle breeding and crafts related to it. In this region there were some very large entirely Bulgarian settlements, which over time became thriving trade and craft centres having the appearance of small towns.

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Дисциплина и всекидневие на кадровия състав на ВМОРО (1893–1912)

Author(s): Elena Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

At the core of the exposition is the ‘disciplined’ rebel (chetniks), who voluntarily accepts all the requirements in order to be included in the mysteries of a revolutionary organization. Loyalty to the cause is the principle in the name of which the members of IMARO are ready to give their lives. The whole disciplinary policy is clearly formulated and ‘codified’ in a coherent system of policy documents that have the force of a law. The topic of the IMARO personnel’s morality, to which the revolutionary leaders pay special attention, also has an important place in the exposition.

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Between “millet” and self-determination: the Ottoman-Armenian case

Author(s): Remus Tanasă / Language(s): English Issue: 67/2021

The “millet” was an ethno-religious community within the Ottoman political system, created in order to facilitate the act of government and the relationships between the numerous religions and ethnicities ruled by the Sultans and Ottoman authorities. The Armenian “millet” was defined by three dimensions that shaped for better or worse the “Armenian question”. Firstly, the geopolitical characteristic of the Empire: the center of power where most important decisions were made was Istanbul, while the powder keg of the matter in discussion was Eastern Anatolia. Secondly, the daily cohabitation of Armenians and Kurds at the eastern border of the Empire, where they needed to share and fight for the same land and resources. Last but not least, the diplomatic interests that transformed the Ottoman Empire into an open field of battle for influence. All this elements shifted the commitments of the Armenian leaders and the decisions of the Ottoman government in such a way that the path from “millet” to “self-determination” blended together gradual reform and secessionist activity.

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სამხრეთ-დასავლეთ საქართველო (აჭარა) ოსმალეთის იმპერიის გეოსტრატეგიულ ინტერესებში XX საუკუნის პირველ მეოთხედში

Author(s): Archil Varshalomidze / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 1/2018

The processes occurring in the world politics of the first half of the 20th century, which were the result of the First World War serious consequences, were reflected in Transcaucasia, including Georgia. Even in the course of peace conference new tendencies were outlined in Batumi. The imperialistic policy of Turkey became unacceptable for Germany. Such changes in foreign policy of Germany had been caused by the fact that Georgia carried out the function of the bridge between Europe and Asia.on June 4, 1918 an agreement on peace and cooperation was signed between the governments of the Democratic Republic of Georgia and the Ottoman Empire in Batumi In it the Georgian-Turkish border was determined in accordance with the state borders existing before the Russo-Turkish war in 1828-1929. The Turkish government took the advantage over the hard political situation in Europe caused by World War I and having violated the international Law and the Brest-Lithuanian Treaty taxed Georgia with hard conditions. As a result 9500 sg.m. of the area with 350 000 population was cut off the entire territory.With the assistance of the German government Georgia achieved its way in the results of the Batumi conference to be reconsidered. However, the conference was finally never held. The reason was the defeat of Germany and its alliance. The Turkish government well knew that on the coming place conference its territorial claims would appear inconsistent and it would have to cede most of its occupied territories.Consequently it applied to certain diplomatic methods. Namely, in order to make the union of Batumi-Karsy-Artaani regions a legal document, the Turkish government decided to hold a referendum in these regions.The referendum was held but with significant violations. According to the data of the Turkish side 83 thousand people voted in their favor but only 2 thousand-against them. On the other hand, according to the data of the Bolshevik press of that periods, 11 thousand people participated in the referendum, out of which 8500 voted in favor of the Turkish government.Today it is difficult to trust either of these data but one is clear – neither of them expressed the will of the population or the real situation.

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DOĞANHİSAR’DAKİ GEÇ DÖNEM OSMANLI CAMİLERİNDE AHŞAP MİHRAPLAR

Author(s): Mevlüt Anıl Fidan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 19/2021

Doğanhisar district, located on the northwest side of Konya city center and approximately 122 kilometers away, has original wooden mihrab mosques in the late Ottoman period, which can be found in the center as well. The mihrabs of the late period Ottoman mosques built in the 18th and 20th centuries in the region were generally made of wood. All of the mihrab examples we have discussed in Doğanhisar district are wooden, and they show very similar features in terms of design and ornamentation. The dyeing of the fabrics that contrast with the contrasting color just below the mihrab surfaces, which are generally painted with oil paints in different colors today, has caused some decorative features to deteriorate. While the mihrabs of the late Ottoman mosques in Doğanhisar were decorated with geometric, floral and written forms, No master names were encountered in these mihrabs. The fact that the mihrabs show the same characteristics as the city center and the rural district, which is far from the city center, suggests that it may be a design tradition for Central Anatolia or the Konya region of the period. In this study, which is summarized from the master's thesis, our aim is to reveal information about the altars of the region in a simpler and more understandable language.

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Bir Ermeni Köyü Olan Adiş’in Siyasî, Sosyal, Ekonomik ve Dinî Durumu

Author(s): Oktay Bozan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

Adish i a village in the Chungush district of Diarbekir province. Chungush is a residential center where Muslims and non-Muslims live. According to the administrative regulation made after the Ottoman rule in 1516, Adish is the only village where Armenians live among the villages of Chungush. Although Adiş is mentioned as Adiş-i Süflâ (Lower Adiş) and Adiş-i Ulyâ (Upper Adiş) in most of the Ottoman records, it was defined as Adish only in some records. According to the records of the 16th and 17th centuries only Armenians lived in Adiş, since the beginning of the 19th century, Muslims have also settled in the village of Adiş. Since Adish village has insufficient agricultural areas, a significant portion of the men of the village had to go to Istanbul to meet the needs of their family. There were educational institutions and churches in the village, which reached 300 households at the end of the 19th century. During the Armenian events of 1895, the bandit which came from Gerger attacked the village of Adish and some grievances were experienced.

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Komentar rječnika Tuhfe-i Šāhidī iz pera Atfija Bosnevija

Author(s): Ahmed Zildžić,Munir Drkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 42/2021

Based on primary sources and relevant literature, the authors in this paper present the commentary that Atfi Ahmed Bosnevi, an Ottoman author of Bosnian extraction from the first half of the XVIII century, composed upon the celebrated Persian-Ottoman dictionary in verse Tuḥfe-i Shāhidī by Ibrahim-dede Shāhidī. The original work subject to commentary is briefly introduced and analyzed as a significant work in the evolution of Persian lexicography in the Ottoman Empire. However, Atfi's commentary upon Tuḥfe remains in the primary focus of the authors in all relevant aspects: his commentary approach and relation to the original text, his method of commenting as well as the contents of his work revolving around Persian grammar and its tripartite structure according to the traditional Oriental and Arabic linguistic heritage: verbs, nouns, and particle. Although a later addition to the tradition of Tuḥfe commentaries, Atfi’s work ranks among more comprehensive and successful commentaries in which the author strives to preserve the original text from repeated distortions caused to extensive copying, often by non-well-qualified individuals. After furnishing all the necessary information on Ottoman and Persian prosody at the opening of each chapter, Atfi analyzes the Persian lemmata with precious instructions concerning their orthography and pronunciation and their meaning by way of Turkish and Arabic equivalents. The authors conclude that Atfi subjected the original text of Tuhfa to rigorous and thorough philological treatment. Nonetheless, his commentary sometimes feels a bit restrained as Atfi is not particularly keen on widening his commentary out of the contours of the original work even if an occasion calls for it. As a result, his treatment of specific grammatical questions in Persian is selective. His commentary does not function as a combined dictionary and grammar of Persian, and that was not the author’s purpose and motivation for writing his commentary.

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Sarajevske spomen-ploče iz osmanskog doba

Author(s): Ismet Bušatlić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 42/2021

Among the numerous and diverse monuments from bygone times in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo memorial plaques from the Ottoman period represent a characteristic phenomenon and practice. Ten of them are mentioned in sources and literature. Their purpose was to preserve and bring back memories of the life and work of those who, with their spirituality and learning, testified that they were worthy of the vocations they had (sheikh and mufti), those who were the pride of the class to which they belonged (mudarris, sitte-qadi, muallim), those who measured up to the role that was given to them at a particular historical moment and who showed exceptional courage and heroism (bayraktars), those who rose in rebellion (the Morići brothers), those who were aware of the goals for which they had made sacrifices and the honor they had earned (nakibul-eshraf) and those who spent their youth and childhood in this city and withered like a bud in it (mula’s and wali’s son). They were usually placed in the harem (courtyard) wall facing the street in order to be seen by those who pass by, to be read by those who stop in front of them, to be remembered by those who receive edification and to be kept in mind by those who walk further through life.

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Образът на Стефан Богориди в изследването на Кристин Филиу „Биография на една империя. Управлението на османците в епоха на революция“

Author(s): Victoria Rahilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The article presents the image of Stefan Bogoridi (1775–1859), which Christine M. Philliou builds in monograph “Biography of an Empire. Governing Ottomans in an Age of Revolution”. A little-known study in Bulgarian historiography. The sources used by the author are considered, as well as the theses, protected by her about the personality of the Bulgarian, who has risen to the rank of High Turkish Dignitary. In the article is paid special attention to discovered by Philliou coded documents written by Bogoridi in the early 1850s.

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Istočno pitanje kroz dalekoistočne oči: Japanski pogledi na ustanke u Hercegovini (1861-1878)

Author(s): Nakazawa Takuya / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 50/2021

This paper analyzes Japanese geography books, newspapers, and travelogue from 1861 to 1878 and discusses their views on Herzegovina and the uprising against the Ottoman Empire there. This was when Japan ended its long isolation and began to pay attention to the foreign situation. For the Japanese at that time, the uprising in Herzegovina was regarded as an event that threatened the Ottoman Empire and shook the international order, or as a liberation struggle by the South Slavs oppressed by the Ottoman Empire.

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JEDAN SUDBONOSNI VIJEK U POVIJEST I HRVATA KATOLIKA BOSNE

Author(s): Krunoslav Draganović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 32/2021

Odavno me zanimalo pitanje, kako su današnja Bosna i Hercegovina, ili kratko rečeno Bosna, isprva posve, kasnije znatnim dijelom katoličke zemlje, izgubile svoj katolički karakter. To je pitanje još do danas ostalo u mnogim pojedinostima nerazjašnjeno. Nije dosta upirati prstom samo na izvjesne krupne činjenice kao na pr. na pojavu patarenske „Bosanske crkve“, islamizaciju naroda i doseljenje pravoslavnih masa u mnoge bosanske krajeve. Ni jedan od ta dva važna historijska fakta nije još dovoljno, a kamo li potpuno osvijetljen. Ali ni sve tri te činjenice zajedno još ne mogu da u cijelosti objasne nazadovanje katolicizma u Bosni; pogotovo ne mogu, ako se na pr. islamizacija, koja je laganim tempom trajala više stoljeća, svede tek na jedno kraće historijsko razdoblje na pr. od prvoga pada izvjesnih dijelova Bosne u turske ruke do vremena Gazi Husrevbega.

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