We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Paulopriit Voolaine kogutud lutsi muinasjutud

Author(s): Inge Annom / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 08-09/2015

The article analyses the fairy tales collected from the environs of Ludza town, Latvia, in 1925–1937 by Paulopriit Voolaine. The collected material was sent by him to the Academic Mother Tongue Society, to M. J. Eisen’s Scholarship Fellows collection and to the Estonian Folklore Archives. In the 1920s his interest was focused on the Estonian narrative tradition of the Ludza enclave, but in the 1930s he also collected the folklore of other peoples inhabiting the region. As, for historical and political reasons, the Latgale region of Latvia has been rather multicultural Voolaine’s material is excellent for cross-ethnic comparative analysis. The number of the fairy tales collected by Voolaine from different peoples of the Ludza region exceeds 230. Most of them can be classified as miracle fairy tales, but the most popular types of tales are „Fly in Place of Nail” (ATU 772*) and „The Last Leaf” (ATU 1184), the former of which is a legend-like fairy tale and the latter belongs to tales about a gullible Devil. Some versions tend to occur more consistently with certain peoples. The Ludza Estonian versions of „Cinderella” (ATU 510A), for example, resemble those collected from Setumaa rather than those told among the neighbouring peoples. The fairy tales told by Gypsies, however, share some features with legends. The article addresses but a few aspects of the treasury of fairy tales from the Ludza region. The voluminous material collected by Voolaine certainly remains a valuable source for anybody interested in comparative folklore studies.

More...

Download

Johannes Barbaruse Venemaa

Author(s): Anneli Kõvamees / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 06/2016

The position of Johannes Vares-Barbarus (1890-1946) in Estonian history and culture is contradictory. On the one hand, he was a remarkable doctor of the name of Vares, on the other hand, a poet named Barbarus, whose modernistic poems were not always appreciated. Moreover, the reception of his works has been complicated by his actions in the 1940s, when he was one of the leading figures in the Sovietization of Estonia. His left-wing views are hardly overlooked whenever himself or his works are discussed. His poetry having received so much more attention than the rest of his works, this article analyzes his travelogue Matkavisandeid & mõtisklusi („Travel Sketches and Contemplations”), which is based on his visit to the Soviet Union. It was published in the literary magazine Looming in 1935 and reprinted in 1950 in his collected works. The article analyzes the image of the Soviet Union in his travelogue published in 1935 and discusses the notable changes that were made in the reprint. Some of those changes have significantly altered the meaning, so that the revised text fits perfectly the Soviet canon.

More...

Download

Haigused ja igatsused: Lilli Suburgi käänuline tee

Author(s): Eve Annuk / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 07/2016

The article addresses the relationships of literature and disease on the example of the life and activities of Lilli Suburg (1841-1923).The life and creative activity of Suburg was affected, on the one hand, by a peculiarity of her appearance, notably, a scar left after a congenital tumor had been removed from her face, due to which she would wear a kerchief over her jaw throughout her life. On the other hand, for many years she suffered from hemorrhages forcing her to bed for long periods, incapacitated to help out her parents with farmwork. That affliction, however, gave Suburg a chance to engage in intellectual self-development by reading, writing a diary and teaching her younger sisters and brothers, which would hardly have been conceivable in addition to regular farm chores. Both in her diary and autobiography Suburg admits that her intellectual development was considerably influenced by illnesses and her physical vulnerability. This is also proved by observing the facts of her life. She chose singleness, which was partly due to her health problems. However, the need for self-subsistence impelled her to act in different directions, such as journalism, creative writing, teaching, while this versatility gave her a chance to realize and develop her different abilities. The periods of forced idleness caused by Suburg’s illness turned out to be intellectually fertile, providing time for reading and reflection. The sensibility caused by illness and physical vulnerability developed her empathy for others finding themselves in a vulnerable situation, such as children, the old and the sickly. Hence her deeply human attitude of caring underlying her worldview. More than any other published or unpublished text by Suburg, her diary reveals her sensitive, tender and vulnerable heart. Suburg’s autobiographically based fiction contains no direct reflection of her experience of disease. In her writing she managed to create the image of a new and better world with protagonists whose choices were not limited by physical afflictions. Possibly, if Suburg had not suffered from an illness enabling her to engage in intellectual self-improvement, she would never have become the person she became: a public figure, author, journalist, feminist and teacher.

More...

Download

Kirjad rahvuskaaslastelt Siberis - Side Eestiga ja välistööde jätk

Author(s): Anu Korb / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 11/2016

The majority of Estonian settlements in Siberia were founded in the last decade of the 19th century and in the early 20th century by Estonian emigrants in search of their own land. Settlements that were established yet earlier were made up of people deported to Siberia by the Russian Tsar. In the article I analyse the letters sent to me from Estonian villages in Siberia following my folkloristic fieldwork in the region in 1991–2010. In the late 20th century and the early 21st century, exhanging letters with Estonians in Siberia had an important function both for me and my correspondents. For the correspondents in Siberian villagers, who had attended Estonian-language schools for only a few years, or sometimes not at all, writing letters was difficult and laborious, but despite that many still chose to do that. Through letters, Estonians in Siberia upheld their contacts with homeland, and felt that they and their knowledge was valued. My fieldwork, in some ways, continued in the form of exchanging letters, as some informants remembered some songs, etc. and sent them to me in their letters. The correspondence sheds light on a couple of decades in the life of Estonians in Siberia; the letters tell about people coping in troublesome times, their sources of joy and sad moments in life. The frequent mentioning of cultural events and folk calendar holidays in the letters may have been the result of my being a museum worker: my correspondents assumed that this it what would mostly interest me. As their acquaintance, Siberia’s Estonians often turned to me to solve some life problems. The letters reflect emotions and evaluations and, among other things, criticism of my collecting and research work. The correspondence with Estonians in Siberia was not only about specific correspondents, but discussed the Estonian community as a whole – the letters mediated major events of the community and shared information about other villagers. A large amount of letters written over a longer period allow us to observe changes in the tradition and mentality of Estonians in Siberia.

More...

Download

Rahvaluulekogumine Epistolaarses Kontekstis

Author(s): Katre Kikas / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 04/2017

The article is based on the correspondence between folklorist Jakob Hurt (1839-1907) and local folklore collector Helene Maasen (1869-1933). My main aim is to analyse the way Hurt communicated with his co-workers and to see how this communication was divided between public (reports about folklore collecting published in newspapers) and private spheres (letters). Maasen was one of the most prolific female co-workers of Hurt – in the years 1888-1896 she sent in 1150 pages of folkloric materials (tales, songs, minor forms etc.). Besides folklore she also sent Hurt several letters; some of them dealt with practical matters (what to collect), while in others she reflected quite emotionally on her role as a folklore collector. 290 KEEL JA KIRJANDUS 4/2017 The article addresses the subjects that come up in their correspondence, showing that there were topics which were discussed equally in public and private spheres (for example the questions connected with the age of the songs), and those that were only discussed privately (for example the moral contents of the tales). Besides those themes, we can see how Maasen positions herself as a folklore collector, wavering between self-diminution (stressing the scarcity of her collected material) and sincere and heartfelt happiness about what she is doing. Compared to that ambivalence, the representations of Maasen in Hurt’s newspaper reports are rather plain – she is always referred to as a ‘diligent maiden’.

More...

Download

Emkeele Seltsi üliõpilasliikmed eestlust sõnastamas 1920-ndate alguses

Author(s): Karl Pajusalu / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 01-02/2018

The Mother Tongue Society, founded at the university of Tartu in 1920, became a leading institution for the development of Estonian as the national language. Besides its scientific and language planning activities the society initiated various campaigns to promote the Estonian language. The humanities students August Annist, Oskar Loorits, Julius Mägiste, Paulopriit Voolaine etc., who belonged to the most active members of the society, soon became designers of a terminological system for the discourse of Estonian national ideology. The article discusses their contribution to Estonian nationalism and its terminological aspect. More specifically, it is analysed how the term eestlus ‘Estonian nationalism’ was introduced in the 1920s, what were the relations between Estonian and Livonian nationalisms, how Setos came to be included in the Estonian nation-family, and how Livonian and Seto literatures were relevantly developed. Another focus is the campaign of the Estonisation of personal names, initiated by the Mother Tongue Society, and the personal contributions of its student members to the endeavour. The conclusion states that the linguo-centricity of the Estonian identity already found its time-specific manifestation in the 1920s. In the process of cultivating the Estonian language, the student members of the Mother Tongue Society managed to create an Estonian-specific system of concepts which has been used ever since to express the self-perception and national aspirations of Estonians.

More...

Download

“Non alla fantasia ho fatto appello, ma alla mia memoria”. Emilio Lussu: la presa di coscienza individuale che diventa cultura comune

Author(s): Daniele Mannu / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2022

The purpose of this speech is to analyze the circumstances that led Sardinian writer Emilio Lussu to convey his experience across his writing. At the very beginning, Lussu was an interventionist, and he strongly supported the Italian military intervention against the German Empire and Austria-Hungary during World War I. After the war, he founded the political party Partito Șardo d’Azione (“Șardinian Action Party”), a social-democratic movement that promoted autonomy towards the ideal of independence. He considered himself an antifascist activist. Due to his radical political views, in 1927 he was sentenced to 5 years of confinement on the island of Lipari. However, he managed to escape two years later. Together with Carlo Rosselli, he founded <<Giustizia e Libertà>> (“Justice and Freedom”), an antifascist resistance movement. These events largely influenced Lussu’s subjects in literature. He could elaborate and turn them into a collective consciousness, without setting aside the importance of each individual’s experience. Lussu’s bibliography becomes thus a way to understand the tragedy of the war in Italy and Europe. The first part of this lecture will introduce these subjects and their correlation to Lussu’s historical memory. Then, we’ll analyze the major works that best reflect his literary legacy, such as La catena, Marcia su Roma e dintorni (Road to exile. The story of a Sardinian Patriot), Un anno sull’altipiano (Sardinian Brigade) and Un bombardamento notturno.

More...

Download

El español en época de Franco, reflexiones lingüísticas

Author(s): Carolina Hernando Carrera / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2022

During recent years, Spanish society has become very accustomed to these concepts: Memory of the past History and the collective obligation to remember it so it does not fall into the Oblivion. These notions are so prevalent in Spanish everyday nature that it is almost impossible for any citizen of this country not to relate these ideas with the well-known Law on Historical Memory, officially the Law 52/2007, by which rights are recognized and widened and measurements are established in favour of those who suffered persecution or violence during the civil war and dictatorship. This law aims to respond the demands made by the people affected by Francoism and to recover the memory of the victims of the Spanish Civil War (1935-1939) and the following period of Francoist Dictatorship (1939-1975). While this paper does not intend to analyse or criticise said regulation nor to offer a detailed description of it, it does open up the possibility of closely relating it to the language used during that historical time. It is well known that language has been and continues to be used on countless occasions as a political and ideological tool and instrument by a significant number of systems, which can be observed mainly in the media. In connection with these thoughts, we want to offer in this paper a general vision of Spanish language used during Francoism, more specifically the propagandist Spanish spread by that time’s media.

More...

Download

Între tentația nazificării și represiunea comunistă: Destinul etnicilor germani din România

Author(s): Mihai Adrian Panu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2022

In the aftermath of World War II, the entire European continent was geopolitically reshaped according to the new security architecture imposed by the victorious powers. In Eastern Europe there was no real process of reconciliation and most nations had to face the harsh reality of being exposed to an increased soviet propaganda pressure. After being part in the German sphere of interest in the late 1930`s (and of course, an initial collaborator during the war), Romania could not easily overcome its recent past. This paper attempts to investigate certain political and social conditions which led to the unprecedented measures against ethnic Germans in Romania. They were accused of collaboration with the national-socialist organization called the „German Ethnic Group in Romania” (DViR) and had to face various forms of repression after the war. The main objective of this paper is to examine the ideological construction of the German collective guilt, given the geopolitical circumstances of that time.

More...

Download

1930. Documents Regarding the Passage of Soviet Warships Through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles Straits

Author(s): Marusia Cirstea / Language(s): English Issue: XXIII/2022

The article refers to “the problem of the straits” and the entry into the Black Sea of the Soviet warships „Parischkaya Komuna” and “Profintern”, which led to a “diplomatic conflict” between the Soviet Union and the Straits Commission. The incident came under the attention of Romanian diplomats, who feared that “the Soviets were preparing to attack”.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Personalități ale Marii Uniri: preotul Florian Rusan (1863-1945), parohul parohiei ortodoxe Alba Iulia-Maieri

Author(s): Răzvan Mihai Neagu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 59/2022

Priest Florian Rusan is a lesser known figure of the Transylvanian Orthodox clergy. However, through his rich activity, his moral stature and his defence of the Romanians' rights from Transylvania, this priest imposed himself in the gallery of the great clerical figures. I have tried to illustrate his life and activity based on unpublished information from different archives. Florian Rusan participated in the most important moment of the union of Transylvania with Romania from December 1st, 1918. Twice he led the Orthodox Deanery of Alba Iulia as administrator.

More...

4.50 €

Preview

Clericii ortodocși între tentația legionară și susținerea Frontului Renașterii Naționale

Author(s): Dragoş Pârcălabu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 59/2022

The political regime of king Carol II, in which patriarch Miron Cristea was the prime minister, represented a new paradigm of the relationship between the State and the Romanian Orthodox Church. Desiring popular support, the king and patriarch involved the Orthodox clergy in political propaganda activities. This article analyses how priests, who had been active in the Iron Guard, related to the new political regime.

More...

Download

Destinele a două reprezentante ale dinastiei Mureșenilor-Surorile Elena Cornelia (1854-1925) și Sevastia Lucreția (1860-1928)

Author(s): Marinela Loredana Barna / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

The Mureșianu dynasty let its mark on the history of Transylvania, especially through its representative members – Iacob Mureșianu and his sons, phd. Aurel Mureșianu and Iacob Petru Mureșianu. Iacob Mureșianu constantly instilled in his children a sense of duty to their peers and his wife, Sevastia, considered educating children as a serious task on which the future of the family depended, a task she successfully performed. These lessons were harmoniously intertwined in the destinies of Iacob Mureșianu's two daughters, Elena Cornelia (1854-1925) and Sevastia Lucreția (1860-1928), who through their actions became an example in shaping the status of Romanian women in Transylvania in the 19th century. Through marriage, they both end up in the Kingdom of Romania where they will follow their husbands. Elena Cornelia married Moise Groza who later became a general in the Romanian army and Sevastia Lucreția married Constantin I. Davidescu, engineer. The correspondence between the family members kept in the Mureșenilor Archive provided the information that was the basis for the reconstruction of the destinies of these two.

More...

Download

Elena Mureșianu (1862-1924). Omul și artistul

Author(s): Bianca Luminița Micu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Elena Mureșianu (born Popovici, 1862-1924) was the wife of phd. Aurel Mureșianu (1847-1909), lawyer, publicist, editor and owner of „Gazeta Transilvaniei” newspaper from Brașov, owner of the „A. Mureșianu” printing house, politician. Due to her studies at The School of Arts and Crafts that belonged to The Art Museum in Vienna (1884-1888), Elena Mureșianu is considered the first professional painter in Transylvania. She had two children: Aurel Horea and Elena Aida, whose education she took great care of. She was a strong support of her husband, during the period when he was imprisoned (do to press trials) or when he was gone to collect subscriptions, taking care of the good administration of the family's newspaper, printing house, bookstore and their properties owned in Brașov. She was member of Transylvania's various societies, supporting the national ideals of Romanian from Transylvania and education for women. Elena Mureșianu's life and activity were reconstructed on the basis of documentary materials (letters, postcards, photographs) kept in the Archive of the Museum „Casa Mureșenilor” from Brașov, one of the largest family archives in Transylvania.

More...

Download

1921-1950 Yıllarında Türkiye-Suriye İlişkilerinde Emlak-ı Metruke Sorunu

Author(s): Pakize ÇOBAN KARABULUT / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2022

The first problem between Syrian and Turkey was initiated by the Ankara Agreement signed with France in 1921. With this treaty, the border of Syria was drawn with a ruler regardless of the ethnic and religious structure. In this case, between the Turkish and Syrian Arabs living in the region it has led to the derelict property and start experiencing the border problems in Turkey and Syria.Between the years 1921-1950, which is discussed in the article, there were important developments in the region and in the world. One of these developments is the Derelict Property problems between Syria and Turkey. The most important factor of unsolved problems between both countries has been the effectiveness of France in regional administration. As long as France is a mandatory state in the region, Syria has endeavored to have negative relations with both its neighbors and the Arab world. Therefore, the border issue and the continuation of experienced real estate shortage that occurred between Turkey and Syria was also reflected in the foreign policy of the two neighboring countries has led to the persistence of negative and conflicting foreign policy relations. In this study, both the 1921-1950 periods, the abandoned property issue occurred between Syria and Turkey was also examined and discussed the role of France in this process.

More...

Download

Municipiul Cahul din punct de vedere demografic, edilitar, economic și cultural (conform datelor recensământului din 29 decembrie 1930) (I)

Author(s): Nicolae Enciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2022

Based on a wide and varied range of documentary and statistical sources, the present study traces the history of the municipality of Cahul from a demographic, economic, urban and cultural point of view between the two world wars. The study contains a short foray into the history of documentary attestation and the foundation of the city of Cahul, the oldest name being “Șcheia”, a name attested in an official act of ruler Ștefan cel Mare dated July 2, 1502, but also “Frumoasa”, as it appears on the map of Moldova drawn up by Dimitrie Cantemir in 1716. An analysis of the events produced in the locality during the years of the national renaissance from 1917–1918 is carried out, noting the beneficial nature of the great event of the Union of Bessarabia with the Old Kingdom of Romania, including for the population of the city of Cahul. The second part of the study deals with the actual history of the town. Cahul between the two world wars. At a distance of over three decades of free evolution of national historiography, the truth appears as obvious that during the Soviet years, the city of Cahul, like all the localities in the Pruto-Dniester interfluve, had a parallel history, ideologized and falsified, in significant contradiction with the real history of the locality, especially the events and processes produced during the Romanian interwar decades being falsified, distorted and presented according to the patterns of Soviet ideology.

More...

Download

1956 és következményei Simén Dániel teológiai tanár életpályájában. Az államhatalmi retorzió egy unitárius példája

Author(s): János Pál / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2022

The events of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution were followed with great interest and undoubted sympathy by the Unitarian Church in Romania. The reprisal campaign launched by the Romanian communist authorities in 1957 with the aim of consolidating its power, led to profound changes in the functioning of the Church in 1959: 17 ministers were convicted and imprisoned, and a network of informers was created through the blackmail and church officials who were compromised or intimidated, effectively ensuring the total subordination and control of the institution. This paper examines a specific stage in the life of the theological teacher Dániel Simén (1903–1969), a victim of state retribution, and seeks to answer the question of whether or not the actions and behaviour of church officials justified the retaliatory measures taken by the Romanian authorities against the Church, and what were the accusations that were used as a pretext for the state authorities to take offensive action against the Church in connection with the 1956 revolution in Hungary. The analysis is based on the interrogation reports in Simén’s investigation file, the testimonies given against him and the volumes of sermons, by him and other ministers, which form the decisive element of the accusation.

More...

Download

Miastotwórcza rola kolei na przykładzie miejscowości Śląska, Wielkopolski i Lubuskiego: Jaworzyny Śląskiej, Krzyża Wielkopolskiego oraz Zbąszynka

Author(s): Miron Urbaniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The railway network, whose development began in the 1840s on the territory of what is today part of Poland, led to the founding of many new municipalities, good examples of which are Jaworzyna Śląska in Lower Silesia, Krzyż Wielkopolski in Greater Poland and Zbąszynek in Lubuskie. The first two were founded in the mid-19th century in connection with the construction of railway junctions, while Zbąszynek, developed in the 1920–30s, owes its existence to the German border and customs station. At first, the three villages did not constitute separate communes, but as they developed, they became independent villages, and in 1936 Krzyż Wielkopolski was even granted town rights. In the case of Jaworzyna Śląska, the railway led to the creation of not only a residential settlement, but also an important industrial centre, known primarily for the production of porcelain. In Krzyż Wielkopolski and Zbąszynek, one should note the planned character of the urban arrangement of both towns, which was a result of the fiscal character of the investment. The population of the two older towns initially had to deal with numerous existential problems, related to such areas as education or religious life. In Zbąszynek, the construction of churches and schools was guaranteed by the foundation act of 1924. This settlement also had a typically urban character, although its population in 1939 was under 2000, while in the other two towns it reached 4000–5000. By the outbreak of World War II, all three towns had modern infrastructure in the form of water supply, sewage and electricity, which were characteristic of urban settlements at that time.

More...

Download

TRANSLATION STRATEGIES AND PARATEXTUAL ELEMENTS IN THE ECONOMIC TRANSLATIONS FROM GERMAN INTO ROMANIAN IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD

Author(s): Alina Bruckner / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This paper intends to analyze some of the translations from German into Romanian from the interwar period in the economic field. Great Romania was in fact a period of defining itself as a new political entity, thus adapting on the one hand to the new social and economic challenges brought about by the unification, and on the other hand to the realities, changes and turmoil on an international level, all these aspects being also reflected by the specialty literature of the time. With an increase in the number of readers, the Romanian specialty literature in the interwar period witnessed not only original papers written by Romanian intellectuals, but also a series of translations, mainly from German or French. In the economic field these translations were rather reduced in number and focused mainly on promoting the socialist ideology among the Romanian readership of the time. By presenting some of these translations, as well as their translators and the translation strategies used, this paper will try to define the target readers and the intentionality of the translations, such aspects being evident mostly at the level of paratextual elements, such as the prefaces.

More...

5.00 €

Preview

Under Nichifor Crainic’s Mantle: Far-Right Topics in the Orthodox Clergymen’s Contributions to Gândirea, Calendarul, and Sfarmă-Piatră

Author(s): Nicolae Drăguşin / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2022

Using as a primary source articles written by clergymen of the Romanian Orthodox Church in the press sponsored by Nichifor Crainic, the present study aims at exploring Crainic’s status as a mentor for a certain part of the Romanian Orthodox clergy. This will be done by inventorying the articles written by Orthodox clergymen in these publications and the themes they addressed, and also by analyzing the overlap of themes specific to far-right rhetoric with the broader register of Crainic’s ideological conception. Finally, the study will show that Nichifor Crainic exercised a significant influence on a significant part of the Orthodox priesthood (the most notable being Fr. Dumitru Stăniloae), although relations with the upper hierarchy (except for Metropolitan Nicolae Bălan) where not always cordial and by no means simple. The study does not claim to be exhaustive, because the research purpose can be extended to the case of lay professors of theology and also be supplemented with the use of primary sources other than those strictly relating to the journalistic activity of the clergy.

More...