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Z ziemi polskiej w świat. Z romantyzmem w tle

Author(s): Daniel Kalinowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article shows Sholem Asch’s biographical and mental connections with Poland and Polish culture. In addition, the worldview factors, derived from the tradition of romanticism, and especially from the space of Polish romanticism, are presented in the Asch system of values. "As a result,, the Yiddish writer derived his thinking about literature as much from the Jewish tradition as from reading works by Adam Mickiewicz or Juliusz Słowacki. Moreover, in his project of public life and Polish-Jewish relations, Asch was of the opinion that, thanks to civic models represented by Berek Joselewicz, Tadeusz Kościuszko and Józef Piłsudski, peaceful and beneficial coexistence of Jews and Poles in one country – Poland – was possible.

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Między diasporą a wielkim światem. O przestrzeni kulturowej w opowiadaniach Szaloma Asza

Author(s): Olaf Krysowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Some short stories of Sholem Asch, such as The Daughter of the Master, Dina, Cantor and his Choristers, My Most Beautiful Love or Beauty were translated from Yiddish into Polish by Stanisław Wygodzki and published jointly in 1964. The storylines of these works are focused on socio-cultural issues and show pictures of life in a small-town Jewish diaspora. The space in them is shaped specificically, as it is organized around the cultural values of the Jewish community. The great world which extends beyond the diaspora is identified by the writer with the Zionist dream of the Promised Land and with the return to the great ancestral culture of the patriarchs and the prophets. In turn, the diaspora is associated with narrow alleys of a small town, with an area of the nation’s everyday life, its worries, passions, typical activities (work, celebration, studying, reading the Talmud, praying in the synagogue), as well as existential, moral and religious problems. There is only one strange element in this bipolar composition – the vestigial nature of the description of the autochthonous territory, which (in the light of anthropological research) should accompany the images of ethnic groups forming “the community in the community”. The autochthonous space in Asch’s short stories is usually shown as terra incognita, an alien, dangerous land inhabited by suspicious representatives of local authorities or described explicitly as a space of moral decay, which disinherits the Jews from their traditions and dooms them to perish.

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Córka jaśnie pana oraz Uroda Szaloma Asza w kontekście realizmu modernistycznego

Author(s): Wiesław Rzońca / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author advances the thesis that Sholem Asch’s epic should be situated against the background of modernist realism with its specific features, which include „scattering the meanings” and focusing on the present of the world shown as if involuntarily. Thus, Asch creatively neutralizes the realism of the second half of the 19th century, whose ideological background was homogeneous.

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Tu es diaboli ianua – kobieta jako przyczyna wszelkiego zła w pismach Tertuliana

Author(s): Julia Borczyńska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to analyse Tertullian’s attitude to the position of women in the Christian community on the basis of his work “De cultu feminarum”. A thorough analysis of this work aims to answer the key question to what extent the image of a woman presented in it is dominated by the author’s rhetorical passion and temperament. At the end of the article the author asks whether Tertullian really treated the woman as the cause of all evil, or it was one of his violent expressions which he used in his numerous polemics in the dispute over the ideal of Christian life.

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„Płeć męska” i „płeć słaba”. Kobiety w Occupatio Odona z Cluny

Author(s): Karolina Białas / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to present the image of women according to a 10th-century poem Occupatio written by Odo of Cluny. Odo describes his own vision of anthropology and human fall with particular emphasis on the role of Eve. She was the first channel of sin which affected all mankind. Odo presents female nature as extremely sinful. Women are associated only with carnal sins and lust, they cannot have any spiritual values. Occupatio is compared to Odo’s sermon in honour of Mary Magdalene to indicate the differences between two ways of presenting feminity in both sources.

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Złe kobiety roku tysięcznego w dziele Rudolfa Glabera

Author(s): Jakub Bakiera / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the ways of showing women in the chronicle of Rodulfus Glaber – a historian of the year 1000. The text shows how a Benedictine monk sees the role of women in the post-Carolingian world, before the intellectual revolution of the 9th century. In the text, we can examine relationships between women and other social groups, especialy linked with heretics. The article discusses the questions whether women are needed in a monastic chronicle, and if it it possible to speak of an unequivocal image of them.

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Średniowieczne tanecznice. O postrzeganiu kobiet w tańcu

Author(s): Zofia Załęska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the supposed sinfulness of women in medieval dance. Since women – Eve’s de scendants – were understood as more prone to sin, the author wonders how women were considered in this entertainment compared to men. She analyses information about dance derived from the Bible, selected Church writings and literature of the time, with a focus on depictions of dance appearing in medieval manuscripts. The author argues that sinful dance is not assigned with gender features, it is rather connected with class differences.

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Czarna legenda królowej Bony w historiografii, teatrze, nauce i publicystyce

Author(s): Marcin Śrama / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to analyse the image of queen Bona in the texts whose authors were influenced by the black legend of the queen. The legend had its source in the 16th-century pamphlets, in which she was portrayed as a greedy and murderous woman. Later, in the 18th century, the black legend of the queen became an important element of classicist tragedies and was reproduced by successive 19th-century historians (Czacki, Bandtkie, Lelewel, Bobrzyński), as well as authors of popularizing works (Czartoryska, Siemieński, anonymous author of an article from “Przyjaciel Ludu”) and writers (Pol).

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„Zła kobieta” jako rola – o kreacji tytułowej bohaterki Marii Stuart Juliusza Słowackiego

Author(s): Agnieszka Pałucka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is another voice in the discussion about the main female character of Juliusz Słowacki’s drama “Mary Stuart”. Judging her deeds, interpreters propose various points of view. Some of them claim that Słowacki’s portrayal of Queen of Scots contributes to her black legend by showing her as an evil murderess. I expose her evilness as one more role she created. I want to emphasise that everything happening at the Scottish court is beyond her, so she decides to try if evil might be the answer.

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Matka krytyki feministycznej? Christine de Pizan i jej „O Mieście Kobiet”

Author(s): Kalina Słaboszowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to analyse the image of women that is created by Christine de Pizan in her most famous piece “The Book of the City of Ladies” (“Le Livre de la Cité des Dames”) which she wrote at the beginning of the 15th century. The first part presents the structure of the main source and the figure of Christine de Pizan. The subsequent parts examine the arguments she uses in order to defend women. At the end of the article the question if it is appropriate to call Christine de Pizan ‘mother of the feminist critique’ is answered.

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Współpodążająca żona czy niepokorna nazistka? Lina Heydrich (1911–1985) w świetle autobiografii

Author(s): Paulina Fronczak-Chruściel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to present the figure of Lina Heydrich – the wife of the director of the Reich Main Security Office and Deputy Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, Reinhard Heydrich. First, the information concerning the sources and Lina’s descent and education is presented. It is followed by the description of her marriage Reinhard Heydrich, her approach to maternity and attitude to national socialism.

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O obliczach zła w życiu i twórczości Elżbiety Szemplińskiej

Author(s): Beata Janicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to analyse the path of Elżbieta Szemplińska, from a woman sensitive to the harms of the weak and humiliated people, to a “shrew” fanatically devoted to a destructive ideology. The first part of the article analyses the writer’s work and selected facts from her life before the Lviv period. In the second part the author analyses the opinions of people Szemplińska met in occupied Lviv. The last part of the article attempts to find an answer to the question how a woman living in such a system dealt with the structures of evil and whether was she able to remain innocent?

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O (nie)moralności kobiecej według filozofa: Plutarch z Cheronei o Kleopatrze

Author(s): Radosław Domazet / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to analyse the image of Cleopatra, who in Life of Antonius is presented as femme fatale. Plutarch shows heroes of his works focusing on the moral aspect of attitudes and actions. We familiarize ourselves with Antonius’ character through his contacts with good Octavia and bad Cleopatra. Antonius is showed as a silly man, controlled by Cleopatra, who would be the cause of his fall. For Plutarch Antonius is the example of a man under woman’s control, so the biography can be read as a collection of examples and anti-examples of honest women.

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Angielskie ślimaki w irlandzkim ogrodzie – poglądy polityczne i społeczne Constance Markievicz

Author(s): Antonina Pawłowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses issues related to the life of Constance Markievicz, an Irish nationalist, one of the leaders of the Easter Rising and the first woman to be elected to the British House of Commons. The aim of the article is to portray factors that shaped Markievicz’s political and social mindset and also to characterize her influence on the formation of the Irish nationalist organizations. The sources for this analysis were testimonies from the collection of the Irish Bureau of Military History, transcripts of Dáil Éireann debates, and Markievicz’s political writings and speeches.

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„Dwulicowa istota”. Wizerunek Marii Kazimiery w dziewiętnastowiecznej prasie kobiecej

Author(s): Agnieszka Goluch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the text is to analyse the figure of queen Maria Kazimiera (17th c.), the wife of Jan III Sobieski, in the 19th c. women’s press. The paper focuses on four issues: Maria Kazimiera’s character, her appearance, queen as a wife and as a mother. The article shows negative attitude towards politically active women, especially those who were foreigners.

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Złe emocje u znakomitych mistrzyń sportu, czyli o konflikcie między Haliną Konopacką a Jadwigą Wajsówną na arenach sportowych w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

Author(s): Igor Michał Niewiadomski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the essay tries to deal with the relationship between two Polish athletes – Halina Konopacka and Jadwiga Wajsówna. The main purpose of the article is to show the history of these two sportswomen which later influenced their not always easy relation. The text was prepared on the basis of the press articles, memories of Halina Konopacka, and Jadwiga Wajs. While analysing this last source, it is necessary to focus on the structure of the text or visible traces of censorship and not only on the basic events. The conclusions were compared with the statements in other published books.

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Kiedy kobieta zabija… Portrety zabójczyń w polskim dyskursie publicznym

Author(s): Anna Suska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the way in which Polish media report murders committed by women and how it influences the perception of female killers in public discourse. The research describes social and media reactions to the three most common types of female killers: the perpetrator of the murder of a partner as a result of domestic violence’s acts, infanticide and a killer of a stranger. The research uses the linguistic and qualitative analysis of news releases relating to each of the types mentioned.

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Porównanie wpływu wybranych aspektów (prawo, religia, medycyna) na stosunki społeczne oraz obyczaje wielokulturowych społeczności na wybrzeżu lewantyńskim w dobie pierwszych krucjat (1095–1192)

Author(s): Piotr Wieczeński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the contacts between multicultural societies (Muslims, Eastern and Western Christians) in the age of the first crusades. Based on a 12th century chronicle written by an Arabic nobleman Usama Ibn Munkidh, the author discusses their relations before the crusades. He then explores the influence of legal, religious and medical aspects on social relations and the way of life in multicultural communities. In the conclusion the author examins a question of acculturation phenomenon existing on the Levantine coast in the age of the first crusades.

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Pożywienie w praktykach religijnych Pomorzan zachodnich w dobie chrystianizacji

Author(s): Małgorzata Romankiewicz-Częścik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main goal of this article is to discuss the issues related to the role of food in the spiritual sphere of the Slavs and the aspects in which food accompanied them. The complicated problem of changes in the habits of the Pomeranians in the era of Christianization has so far been the subject of an extensive and stormy discussion. Apart from the daily routine filled with household chores, the inhabitants lived according to the rhythm of everyday life, consistent with their faith, which also involved participating in religious ceremonies. Food was an important factor in their daily existence, both as a meal and an object of worship and was used as a ritual, establishment offering, gift for ancestors.

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Obyczajowość Tatarów krymskich oczyma francuskiego konsula w XVIII wieku

Author(s): Agata E. Niedzielska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this article is to present the image of Crimean Tatars’ customs described by François de Tott in his Memoires. The author was a French consul in the Ottoman Empire and Crimean Khanate. The analysis is conducted from two different perspectives. The first considers methods that were used to present Tatars’ culture. The second elaborates the Tott’s assessment of Tatars’ living conditions, cuisine and society. In conclusion, it is necessary to underscore that de Tott used different methods to present the complexity of Tatars’ customs. In addition, he underlines the differences between the two cultures, European and Islamic.

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