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Review of: Eštok, G. (2020). (Ne)dávne hľadanie strednej európy. (in English: (Un)Delayed Search For Central Europe). Košice: Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, 2020. 192 pp. ISBN 9788081529245.
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These emigrants created a number of diasporas inhabiting the border zones with the USSR. The Soviet authorities treated these communities as hostile, and the hermetic nature of the Soviet border meant that contact between the diasporas and the country of origin was negligible. With thecollapse of the USSR and the opening of the borders of the diaspora, they began to play an essential role in the so-called ethnic revival of minorities in Russia. The incorporation of previously demonized, disloyal, and hostile frontier communities required the introduction of new discourses and representations in local public histories. On the example of the Buryat diaspora in China, the article shows the process of including diasporas in the field of ethnic politics in Siberia and negotiating their social status in contemporary Russia.
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The collections of the Kórnik Library include an aldermen’s register of Zbąszyń, which was kept between 1588 and 1914. For centuries, it was the most important book documenting the town’s life. The articles contains a detailed analysis of records entered in the volume. The text is accompanied by an annex containing the first list of the most important town officials – the mayors and wójtowie (Vögte).
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A Report on the National Scientific Conference Aktion Zamość 1942-1943, Academy of Zamość, Zamość, 28 February 202
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This article examines the phenomenon of antisemitism in the national movements in the Teschen region, a borderland area between the Czech Republic and Poland, in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. It traces the origins and development of antisemitic ideology in Germany and Russia, and how it influenced the Polish and Czech nationalists in their struggle for the national character of the region. It also analyzes the various forms and manifestations of antisemitism in the local press, politics, and society, and how the Jews responded to the attacks and accusations. The article argues that antisemitism was a significant factor in the deterioration of the interethnic relations and the rise of nationalism in the Teschen region.
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I n the 1930s, the European continent was dominated by the fear of a new war, so almost all countries began to pay special attention to war preparations. In this context, great attention was paid to youth and their physical and military training. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia, faced with many recruits unfit for military service, joined the European trend by introducing compulsory physical education into the social life of students and out-ofschool youth. This wording concealed the true nature of the new institution, namely pre-military education. Although the legislative solution was ideal in theory, in practice it had several weaknesses that did not allow the development of compulsory physical education. The legislature overlooked several important issues. First, there was a lack of trained teachers to teach the inmates. In addition, the law placed an excessive burn on the municipalities, which were unable to solve all the problems of organizing compulsory physical education, especially the material ones, since they were responsible for providing space and compensating teachers. The army also did not do everything in its power to provide the best possible support for pre-military training especially since the question of equipping the courses with weapons was not settled until before the April War began. Finally, the young people looked for ways to avoid the new obligation, so that less than half of the obligated participated the holiday courses. For this reason, the work results achieved were also not satisfactory
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The study focuses on the artistic aspects of traditional furniture from Bessarabia, dating from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. We emphasize the importance of materials, decorative techniques, artistic means, and decorative structure in the crafting and decorating of traditional furniture. The motivation for this research lies in analyzing how the culture and folk art of Moldova are reflected in the characteristics of traditional furniture. The specific hypothesis of this study posits that Moldovan traditional furniture represents an expression of the talent and artistic sense of the craftsmen and householders from Moldova. The research aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the materials used, including wood and others, as well as decorative techniques such as carving, sculpture, and painting. The objectives include a comprehensive description of the mentioned materials and techniques. The research methods included documentary analysis, relevant illustrations, and extensive field research in all regions of the Republic of Moldova, spanning the years 2007-2023, contributing to the scientific and applied foundation of the research. The main results consist of highlighting the role of traditional furniture in reflecting Moldovan culture and folk art, providing data and illustrative images to support these aspects.
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Tin Ujević, der wohl bedeutendste Dichter der klassischen Moderne in Kroatien, stand zu Lebzeiten und in der späteren Rezeption in einem spannungsvollen Verhältnis zur Avantgarde. Der poetologische Wandel und die Schwankungen beim Einsatz avantgardistischer Mittel führten i.d.R. zu dem Schluss, es ginge bei Ujević lediglich um Elemente, Phasen oder Teilaneignungen der Avantgarde. Betont wird im vorliegenden Beitrag hingegen der umfassende Charakter von Ujevićs Eingriff ins literarische Feld, sein revolutionärer Bruch im Verhältnis zu den Kategorien Mimesis, Subjektivität und Linearität – lesbar als implizite Antwort auf die theoretische Debatte über die Wiederholbarkeit der Avantgarde.
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Review of: Phonographic Encounters: Mapping Transnational Cultures Of Sound, 1890–1945. Editors: Elodie A. Roy and Eva Moreda Rodríguez Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2022. ISBN: 978-0-367-43921-7 (hbk); ISBN: 978-1-032-05711-8 (pbk); ISBN: 978-1-003-00649-7 (ebk); DOI: 10.4324/9781003006497.
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The organization of musical life of Belgrade as the capital of the newly founded Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was characterized by eforts towards a material, economic and cultural consolidation of the city afer a war disaster; thus the mapping of continuity with pre-war traditions acquired a special signifcance. Te frst joint performance of Belgrade choirs in peacetime conditions, organised by the Belgrade Choral Society (1919) and dedicated exclusively to Mokranjac’s output testifed to that efect. Soon there followed four similar events (1922– 1923), and then a manifestation of the transfer of Mokranjac’s remains from Skopje to Belgrade (1923). Te aim of this article is to examine these events as the frst, though belated (due to war circumstances) cases of memorizing Mokranjac afer his death in 1914. Tis research has taken into account the processes of canonization of Mokranjac that had begun even during his lifetime, and the critical examination of the canon is complemented by theoretical elements from memory studies, because these events are about a (re)interpretation of the canon of national art music through strategies of memorialization. Concerts and narratives that are directly related to them are marked as artistic memorials to Mokranjac; aferwards, I analyzed the commemoration ceremony itself. Considering the results of the analysis, I concluded that these were two types of memorizing Mokranjac, one of which was in the domain of the professional music elite, while the other one acquired the proportions of the national-state event. Accordingly, they also ofered two kinds of national memory. On the one hand, the version presented by the representatives of the elite contributed to the canonization of Mokranjac and the creation of national memory within the dominant group in the field of music which, through its narrative about Mokranjac, expressed its own aesthetic orientation and reinforced its social positions. On the other hand, the mass gathering of various representatives of the state, civil institutions and citizens pointed to the apposite narratives of glorifying Mokranjac, while loading the ideology of the ofcial state apparatus and puting memories of Mokranjac into desirable Yugoslav frameworks.
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The gramophone record industry had developed in the Yugoslav region from the beginning of the 20th century. The paper is based on an analysis of the corpus of 78 rpm records of singing with gusle accompaniment, which were produced between 1908 and 1932. Available recordings highlight the issue of representing both the epic and the gusle playing tradition in this media format and its relationship with “unmediated” live gusle playing practice. Therefore the authors opted to analyze gramophone records as both a text in culture and an actor in tradition. After introductory theoretical and methodological remarks, the authors offer a brief description of the historical, political and socio-cultural context that emphasized epic singing with gusle accompaniment as a representative traditional genre in this area. For that reason it was noteworthy for both western and local production companies which made recordings in the Balkans (Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft mbH., Odeon Records, Marsh Laboratories, Inc., Edison Bell Penkala Ltd.). Analysis of the recordings is focused on examination of the way in which gusle players responded to different requirements of the new media (e.g. the insufficient capacity of a record itself compared to the usual duration of a performance; the reduction of a complex form of artistic communication to an oral, auditory message, while additional forms of non-verbal communication are excluded). Through discussion of the treatment of verbal and musical components of the recorded performances it has been shown that tradition was simultaneously exemplified and reshaped by this new medium. In addition to the guslars themselves, being already recognized artists in this traditional genre and the acoustic source (the voice accompanied by the gusle), the representative base of the epic tradition comprised traditional (poetic) texts, although modifications / innovations are recognizable at different levels of verbal content, as well as on the level of music interpretation. On these bases, it is possible to talk about the contribution of new media to the professionalization of guslars’ practice and the creation of “stars” among them on the one hand, and the progressive transformation of once-active audience members (in the sense of potentially exchangeable performer / listener positions) into passive buyers and consumers, on the other. It is noted that these, first gramophone records of guslars had a great role in and impact on the survival of the epic singing tradition, brokering its promotion in urban areas and among the “cultural elite”. Finally, in this way they contributed to the strengthening of this tradition in a historical period that brought disintegration of the system of traditional culture and “crisis” of the most of the current classic folklore genres.
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The article is about Janina Brzostowska (1897-1986) – a polish poet, writer, translator and her relationship with Emil Zegadłowicz (1888-1941) – a poet and a playwriter. I started from her literary achievements and published poems and novels. Then I described members of the „Czartak” group (Emil Zegadłowicz, Edward Kozikowski, Tadeusz Szantroch, Janina Brzostowska) and their connections. My article mainly touches the type of relationship between Janina Brzostowska and Emil Zegadłowicz. I analyzed it from different perspectives: friendhip, artistic dependence and master-disciple relationship. The result of my resarch indicates artistic dependence. Emil Zegadłowicz was an experienced poet and a famous man who supported young poets in literary community. On the other hand, Janina Brzostowska made the group’s image more attractive and increased the audience which needed sensitivity and gentleness. In my work, I cite the opinions of various specialists in the field of literature and humanities and I cite quotes from the family members: Witold Brostow - Janina Brzostowska’s son and Ewa Wegenke, the granddaughter of Emil Zegadłowicz.
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Review of: Marushiakova E., Popov V. (Eds.). Roma Voices in History. A Sourcebook. Roma Civil Emancipation in Central, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe from the 19th Century till World War II. BRILL, Ferdinand Schdöningh, 2021, 1104 p.
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In 1929 Karol Lanckoroński (1848–1933) donated his collection of scientific photographs to the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Among the photographs of works of art and archeological relics in that collection we can also find prints of ethnographic nature, including photographs by Alfred Silkiewicz, a photographer with connections in Ternopil. On 6 July 1887 the heir to the throne Archduke Rudolph visited Ternopil and saw an ethnographic exhibition designed specially for his visit in the municipal garden. The central figures of the exhibition were residents of minor towns of Eastern Galicia brought to Ternopil, dressed in regional costumes. The text focuses on the circumstances of taking those photographs and on their significance as a source for researching the history of Galicia and its residents.
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The paper presents an eminent Polish librarian and historian Fryderyk Papée (1856–1940). He was a long-time staff member and later deputy head of the University Library in Lviv. In the years 1905–1926 he was the head of the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków. The paper discusses Papée’s services as a reformer of those two libraries as well as the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Czartoryski Library in Kraków. The author also presents Papée’s contribution to erecting new buildings of the University Library in Lviv and the Jagiellonian Library.
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Konferencje poświęcone zagadnieniom bibliologicznym, prasoznawczym i dziejom bibliotek Krakowa i Lwowa w XIX i XX stuleciu odbywały się dotąd cyklicznie co 2 lata w Krakowie. Przypadający jednak w 2009 roku jubileusz sprawił, że X Międzynarodowa Konferencja Naukowa zagościła w mieście nad Pełtwią. Organizatorami tej edycji konferencji były: Instytut Informacji Naukowej i Bibliotekoznawstwa Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie oraz Katedra Bibliotekoznawstwa i Bibliografii Lwowskiego Narodowego Uniwersytetu im. Iwana Franki we Lwowie. Obrady odbywały się w dniach 20–21 października 2009 roku, natomiast ostatni dzień przeznaczony był na zwiedzanie dawnych kresowych rezydencji magnackich w Złoczowie, Podhorcach i Olesku.
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Review of: Barbara Góra: Biblioteka Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego w Pelplinie 1828–2000, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, Kraków 2007, 571 s.
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