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The author observes the earliest reactions to the coup/revolution in Russia from November 7, 1917 in the Bulgarian national context (the 1920s–early 1930s). They have been compared with the state canon of socialist decades in order to bring out their ideological and literary-aesthetic nuclei.
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The work you are having at your disposal deals with a public primary schools (mekteb) in the region of Kraja (end of XIX century and beginning of XX century) while using as a point of reference the archival documents of Ottoman state archive based in Istanbul (BOA) that i have searched. This dossiers give us an information for the existence of primary public schools (mektebe), the teachers names, salary, and the hierarchy etc. We learn that some primary schools kept the old name "Sibjan" while others the reformed induced name "ibtidai". As a precursor to get even more knowable about those schools to enrich furthermore our understanding we tried to ad some bonus information from the archives of the mosques in Skje and Muriq Poshtë, all belonging to region of Kraja. Furthermore using the personal diary of the chief inspector for Education in the Vilajet of Shkodra Daut Boriçi (1870-1877)
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This paper, based on documents preserved in the State Archive of Montenegro in Cetinje, reflects the existential misfortunes of the Albanian people during and after the end of the Balkan wars. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the injustices committed and the mistreatment of the defenseless Albanian people in the province of Plava and Gucia, caused by the occupying army and the Montenegrin gangs that had the dimensions of genocide, which Albanian historiography has never treated, until now, as such.
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The study aims to explore and characterize the structure of the educational systemused by the last two generations of the Russian Imperial Family. The main points of interest are the content of the system, its time management, prefer rededucational methods, forms of evaluation and the success rate of the pupils. One of the main aims of this study is also the introduction of the main persons responsible for the education and care of the children.
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One of the figures that has an important place in our national history, obviously, is the figure of Isa Boletini. Isa Boletini lived and acted at the crossroads of two different time periods, in the last decades of the Ottoman Empire and in the first years after its departure from our lands. He spent a large part of his life in Istanbul, and he also acted and worked there. Concerning this period of his activity, there is a large number of documents available in the Ottoman language. And this is quite understandable, because Isa Boletini performed several functions and served in various tasks within the Empire, but he also led a series of uprisings with a national character, which would certainly be dealt with in the chancelleries and documents of the time. In this context, in our paper, we will mention and present some Ottoman documents, among many of them, which are stored in the Ottoman State Archive of the Presidency in the Republic of Turkey, which mention the activity of Isa Boletini in Kosovo, but also, and in the center of the Ottoman Empire, in Istanbul.
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The article describes the history of the Orthodox church in women’s monastery in Turkowice in 1906–1929. Using the case study method, the reasons for the creation and construction of the church in 1906 and its demolition in 1929 were discussed. The text is based on the sources from archives in Lublin and Lviv. The monastery in Turkowice played a very important role in the life of Orthodox community of the Kingdom of Poland at the beginning of the 20th century. The periods before World War I and the Great War, as well as the years 1918–1929, allow an analysis of the religious policy of Russia and Poland towards the Orthodox community in the Hrubieszów region. The analysis is in keeping with the further research perspective related to the history of Orthodoxy, mainly with the unknown aspect of monastic life in Turkowice at the beginning of the 20th century.
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The history of the use of tanks by the German army during World War I is still insufficiently researched. The few existing publications focus mainly on the technical side of particular constructions and, less frequently, on the description of their combat use. However, there is a lack of general studies analyzing the organizational development of German armored forces and subsequent concepts of their use, as well as explaining the reasons behind individual decisions. The aim of this article is to fill this gap.
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Review of: Gisela Borchers: Vom Domänenamt Schöneck zur Domäne Pogutken 1772 bis 1920. Ein Abschnitt preußischer Agrargeschichte(Quellen und Forschungen zur Brandenburgischen und Preußischen Geschichte, Bd. 57.) Duncker & Humblot. Berlin 2022. 192 S., zahlr. Ill., Tab. ISBN 978-3-428-18615-0. (€ 69,90.)
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Review of: Witold Molik: Polska emigracja w Niemczech a kraj w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku XX wieku. (Die polnische Emigration nach Deutschland und das Land in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. und zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts.) Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje. Poznań 2021. 315 S. ISBN 978-83-65988-66-9.
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The article discusses the role, or lack thereof, of military history and past experience in shaping military doctrine. The analysis is based on four case studies: the Reichsheer/Wehrmacht 1919–1940, the French Army 1919–1940, the Israel Defense Forces 1948–1973, and the US Army 1973–1991. In the synthesis, the author describes the role of military history in creating a workable military doctrine at the three levels of war: the tactical level, the operational level, and the strategic level. As cautionary examples for our modern politicians and decision-makers, some cases of abuse and misuse of military history are pointed out.
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French writer, tennis player and traveller Jean Schopfer (literary pseudonym - Claude Anet), in the book – «Roses of Isfahan. Persia by car through Russia and the Caucasus» - points out the issue of Russia's national policy in the Caucasus. The traveler's assessments of interethnic strifes in the Caucasus, existing to the greatest extent among Armenians and Azerbaijanis, are quite interesting. The facts of the conflict between these two nations during the revolution of 1905 are stated in the work, which represents an important documentary material. In a book published in French in Paris in 1906, Claude Anet also interestingly describes the revolutionary events in the Crimea and the Caucasus and asks the question: Where should one look for those responsible for the unrest that causes misfortune to the Caucasus? Do the Caucasians have hope in the future for the separation of the Caucasus from Russia and the formation of a politically independent state? The author has so much information about the situation in those parts of the empire where he travels that he actually accurately reflects the causes of unrest and current events. The information of an eyewitness of the events of the revolutionary and interethnic confrontation is very important and interesting for modern researchers.
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Ovaj se rad temelji na odabranim mislima i dokumentima koje je zapisivao fra Didak Buntić, crkveni i hercegovački velikan, iz kojih se može razabrati njegova ključna uloga u razdoblju prvih dvaju desetljeća XX. stoljeća, kada je hercegovački narod prolazio svoje najteže dane opstanka na ovim prostorima. Kroz fra Didakovu zauzetost očita je njegova duboka humanost, duhovna zadanost i kulturološka i egzistencijalna skrb za svoj narod. Njegovo djelo implicira velikoga vizionara koji je, intelektom i autoritetom, spašavao svoj narod videći u njemu veliki potencijal, nastojeći mu osigurati dostojanstven život. Svoje duhovno poslanje širi u humanoj i djelatnoj skrbi kao pučki prosvjetitelj, kulturni naprednjak i spasitelj siromašnih, ne štedeći ni snagu ni utjecaj. Njegov velebni lik ostat će u hrvatskoj povijesti svetački posviješten Riječima, prije svega dr. fra Andrije Nikića, kojima mu je podignut trajni spomenik i život po Riječi.
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The focus of this article is on life and work of Ibrahim efendi Ajanović (1884-1941), a prominent ‘alim of Rogatica of the first half of 20th century. On the bases of the documents preserved in the Archives of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we here bring some details of his life from his birth, education, intellectual progress, and his almost thirty years of service. After completing madrasa in Rogatica and six years of studies in Merhemića Madrasa,three years of education in Dāru-l-mu’allimīn in Sarajevo, Ibrahim-efendi, in the year 1913, joins the service as mu’allim in his birthplace of Šljedovići where he was later engaged as imam, hatib, imam-regstrar and finally as imam of a jamaat. His greatest contribution, however, was made in his role of a mu’allim as he achieved remarkable results in maktab class by bringing up a significant number of sibyan-mu’allims. He developed and extended the Plan and Program for maktab class and brought it almost to the level of an elementary madrasa. Just like reisu-l-ulema Džemaludin-efendi Čaušević, he used every opportunity to stress the importance of education and upbringing of Muslim children. He initiated the establishment of a primary school in Šljedovići, and maktabs in Dub, Đedovići, Rodić, and other villages surrounding Rogatica. In years prior to the Second World War he was elected mayor of Dub municipality. During this service, he made a remarkable contribution to developing and strengthening good relations between the Muslim and the Orthodox population of this municipality.
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In the following article, I will summarize and reconstruct the life and work of Ivan Babić based on sources, literature, and memories of his cousin Srećko Solar from Sveti Ivan Žabno. He was born in 1904 in Sveti Ivan Žabno and died in 1982 in Torremolinos, Spain. He is best known to the public for escaping from the Independent State of Croatia to the Allies in early 1944 to Italy by plane. The overall activity in the homeland was marked by military service in the Royal Yugoslav Army and the Croatian Home Guard, and abroad by political activity in emigration. In 1941, as an adjutant to military commander Slavko Kvaternik, he was one of the most important officers in the organization of the Croatian Home Guard. On behalf of the Home Guard and the Croatian Peasant Party, he led unsuccessful negotiations with representatives of the partisan movement from June 1943 to the beginning of December 1943. Fearing that the Croatian people would see the end of the war alongside the defeated Germans, he tried to establish cooperation with the Allies in agreement with the Croatian Peasant Party in early 1944. It was too late because they had already opted for the partisans led by Josip Broz Tito.
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Review of: Željko Karaula, Sekula Drljević 1885.-1945. Politička biografija, Crnogorski kulturni forum - Dukljanska akademija nauka i umjetnosti, Cetinje, 2022.
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The author of the following work based his considerations on documents from the collections of the “Upper Silesian Uprisings” and “Silesian Uprisings” from the resources of the Central Military Archives and the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America based in New York. They focus on the inhabitants of Dziergowice (Kędzierzyn-Koźle County) and Kuźnia Raciborska (Racibórz County) that took part in the Third Silesian Uprising. The investigated documents deal with issues related to age, professions and the involvement of some families in the pro-Polish activities. Furthermore, the article also discusses locals supporting Germany. The whole is closed by the personal register of insurgents, as well as the membersof the Upper Silesia Heimat Patriots (German: Heimattreue Oberschlesier) and Stormtroops (German: Stosstruppen) from the aforementioned towns.
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The years 1919–1922 were a difficult period for Poland and especially for Upper Silesia. Social unrest, the resulting from it Silesian Uprisings and the issue of the plebiscite polarized the population of Upper Silesia. In addition, agitation in the Polish and German press, playing a huge propaganda role, was part of everyday life before the plebiscite. All these elements appear on the pages of the“Rural Guide” (Polish: “Przewodnik Wiejski”), which is the organ of the Silesian Farmers’ Union. In addition to propaganda articles, in the magazine one can also find articles related to agricultural activity, including crop growing and breeding guides. The magazine is interesting because it enables to follow almost “live” the political and social attitudes in Upper Silesia, partly represented by the authors of articles published in the “Rural Guide”.
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Käesolev teemanumber on pühendatud XX sajandi alguskümnendite tuntud ja vähem tuntud naissoost eesti proosakirjanikele. See sündis vajadusest kirjutada naised tagasi kirjandusajalukku ja kultuurimällu. Enamik artikleid on alguse saa-nud 2022. aasta oktoobris Tartus Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumis peetud konverentsilt „Kas sa Reed Morni oled lugenud?”, ent idee tegeleda unustatud naiskirjanikega sündis palju varem. Eret Talviste taust inglise modernismiuuringutes, kus on alates 1970-ndatest tehtud palju (taas)avastustööd, et kaanonitesse kaasata mitmeid nais-kirjanikke, nt Jean Rhys, Djuna Barnes, Katherine Mansfield jpt, pani teda küsima, kus on eesti naiste sulest ilmunud proosa, kui mõelda XX sajandi algusele. Sellest küsimusest ajendatuna hakkas koos käima lugemisgrupp, kus 2021/2022. akadee-milisel aastal loeti eesti naiste proosat läbi aegade ning 2022/2023. aastal keskenduti XIX sajandi lõpu ja XX sajandi alguse kirjanike, näiteks Marta Sillaotsa, Helga Pärli-Sillaotsa, Aino Kallase, Reed Morni, Leida Kibuvitsa, Lilli Suburgi, Elisabeth Aspe, Alma Ostra-Oinase loomingule. Lugemisgrupi raames tutvus Talviste Eve Annuki mahuka uurimistööga eesti naiste varasest kirjandusest, eriti Lilli Suburgist, ning sel-gus, et XX sajandi alguse naiste proosat vaatleva konverentsi korraldamine on ühine soov.
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Social life and fashion have not been the woman’s only concerns at the end of the 19th and the late 20th century. Their contribution to modern society changes, by taking on new duties and liabilities will have a specific means of expression and for a better understanding of the activities they carried out it requires an overview, even a brief one over a few Oltenian women from the above-mentioned period. Seen only as a wife and mother, the woman makes her way into society being concerned with her own education, she takes part in financing arts and not only, and she engages in harnessing traditional clothing and crafts.
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Review of: Katarzyna Bogacka, Ornamenta episcoporum. Społeczna historia isymbolika insygniów biskupich na ziemiach polskich 1801-1919, t. 1, Wydawnictwo Neriton, Warszawa 2021, ss. 388, ISBN: 978-83-6601-896-9; t. 2, Wydawnictwo Neriton, Warszawa 2021, ss. 250, ISBN: 978-83-6601-897-6
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