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Venecija u hrvatskoj tiskarskoj topografiji Divkovićeva doba

Author(s): Slavko Harni / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Bosanski franjevac fra Matija Divković (1563.-1631.) tiskao je svoja djela u Veneciji (Mlecima) i to, kako se tvrdi u naslovu Nauka karstianskoga iz 1611. “za narod slovinski”. Veneciju stoga prepoznajemo kao produkcijski kontekst njegovih djela u tiskarskom smislu, dok se recepcija tih djela događa uglavnom na istočnoj obali Jadrana i pripadajućem kontinentu, kako među ondašnjim običnim vjernicima u tom prostoru kao krajnjim recipijentima njegovih tekstova, tako i među današnjim proučavateljima i čitateljima. Recepcijski vid i kontekst Divkovićeva rada dosad je zadobio bitno više pozornosti proučavatelja raznih profi la od tiskarskog do produkcijskog. Ovaj rad stoga želi biti prinos istraživanju produkcijskoga konteksta Divkovićevih djela i to u bibliografskom smislu. Venecija je u Divkovićevo doba bila međunarodno tiskarsko središte. Stoga se najprije promatra stanje u venecijanskom tiskarstvu, a potom se u vidu uzorka izlučuju bibliografski podaci o hrvatskim knjigama tiskanim u Veneciji te promatraju kao izabrani bibliografski nacionalni kontekst Divkovićevih tiskanih knjiga u razdoblju 1596.-1653. Primjenjuju se kriteriji za odabir građe hrvatske retrospektivne bibliografije: autor, jezik teritorij. Izabrana zbirka knjiga popisuje se i analizira s gledišta prinosa pojedinih venecijanskih tiskara njezinu nastanku, potom s obzirom na njihov sadržaj i naposljetku imajući u vidu prinos pojedinih autora. Pri tom se nastoji odrediti i vrednovati Divkovićevo mjesto u tom kontekstu.

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Divković kao kršćanski reformator

Author(s): Mile Babić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

U ovom radu želim pokazati da je Divković krš ćanski reformator, istražujući njegovo glavno djelo Nauk krstjanski,1 ne zanemarujući pri tome ni njegova ostala djela. Prije pristupa navedenoj temi potrebno je osvrnuti se na društveno-politički kontekst u kojem je Divković djelovao i na neke aspekte dosadašnjih istraživanja njegova djela. O tome se govori u prvome dijelu ovoga rada; u drugom o kristocentričnoj duhovnosti (teologiji i pobožnosti) u Nauku; u trećem se daje sistematizacija i aktualizacija Divkovićevih temeljnih misli, uz ukazivanje da su one prisutne i u Besjedama i u Sto čudesa, u kojima se pokazuje da je Divković krš ćanski reformator koji se u svemu bitnome ugleda na svetoga Franju Asiškoga; u četvrtom dijelu se govori o onim mislima kod Divkovića koje su danas osobito aktualne.

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Upravne službe fra Marka Dobretića

Author(s): Fra Marko Karamatić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Bosna Srebrena u XVIII. stoljeću proživljava put nove prilagodbe nakon dubokih promjena izazvanih austrijsko-osmanskim ratom 1683-1699. Demografske promjene zahvatile širok prostor od Bosne preko Slavonije do Ugarske. Na poseban način to je pogodilo katoličko stanovništvo i franjevce, odnosno onaj dio Bosne Srebrene što se prostirao u granicama današnje Bosne i Hercegovine. Veći dio katolika, više desetaka tisuća, izbjegao je iz Bosne u Prekosavlje ili Dalmaciju, brojne župe su nestale kao što je iščeznuo i niz samostana. Od onih brojnih franjevačkih samostana iz sredine XV. stoljeća (njih više desetaka), u osmanskoj Bosni ostala su na vidiku samo tri s tridesetak franjevaca: u Kraljevoj Sutjesci, Fojnici i Kreševu. Broj se katolika smanjio na dvadesetak tisuća, što je bio njihov najveći demografski pad od osmanskog osvojenja Bosne. No, slijedi vrijeme njihova ponovnog oživljavanja. Cijelo XVIII. stoljeće bit će zapravo stoljeće relativno uspješnog demografskog oporavka katolika, uglavnom prirodnim priraštajem ali i doseljavanjem. Zapravo bilo je to izdizanje iz pepela. Tako će se od onih dvadesetak tisuća katolika s početka stoljeća, njihov broj, u vrijeme službovanja fra Marka Dobretića šezdesetih i sedamdesetih godina, u osmanskoj Bosni povećati više od tri puta, a i broj će se bosanskih franjevaca višestruko uvećati. Demografski oporavak, koji se pokazao samo u tijeku nekoliko desetljeća, u svakom je pogledu respektabilan.

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Bosanski franjevci između jaspri i raspri. Prema Ljetopisu sutješkoga samostana

Author(s): Darko Rubčić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

S Bečkim ratom koncem 17. stoljeća nastupilo je vrijeme velikih geopolitičkih promjena koje su na poseban način zahvatile područja današnje Bosne i Hercegovine i u bitnom odredile daljnji tijek 18. stoljeća u kojem je živio i djelovao fra Bono Benić (oko 1708-1785), pisac Ljetopisa sutješkoga samostana. Da bismo bolje shvatili Benića i njegov Ljetopis, najprije ćemo se upoznati s vremenskim i političkim kontekstom 18. stoljeća na jugoistoku Europe, s posebnim naglaskom na prilike u Bosanskom ejaletu i Franjevačkoj provinciji Bosni Srebrenoj.

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Matija Divković i likovna kultura franjevaca Bosne Srebrene oko 1600.

Author(s): Sanja Cvetnić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Matija Divković and his publisher, Pietro Maria Bertano, ornated the publications of the large Christian Study and One-hundred Miracles (1611), his Sermons and the small Christian Study (1616) with prints (Bertano’s study was situated near the Venetian church “Saint Maria Formosa”). Among the selected illustrations, the iconography of the Resurrection dominates, but there are also scenes of Annunciation, Baptism, Transfiguration, Descent of the Holy Spirit,Crucifixion, and Christ Preaching to the Apostles. The iconography of scenes in Divković’s books is not particularly marked by the post-tridentine spirit,but it shows quotations from the paintings from the most celebrated period of Venetian painting, Cinquecento (16th century). Along with the quotations,the prints in Divković’s books are connected to this school and its tradition.It is worth noting that around 1600 a wealthy merchant from Bosna Srebrena commissioned for his native village an altar painting from Baldassare d’Anna,a painter inscribed to the confraternity of painters (Fraglia pittorica) in Venice.Therefore, at the end of the 16th century. and in the first decades of the 17th century, it is possible to connect the visual culture of the Franciscans of Bosna Srebrena to artistic trends in Venice, without which Franciscan artistic heritage cannot be understood.

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Divkovićeva kristologija u Besjedama

Author(s): Mile Babić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Im kommen den Jahr 2017 begehen Christen den 500. Jahres tag der Reformation,die mit Martin Luther im Jahr 1517 begann. Sowohl Luthers Reformation als auch die katholische Reformation, die Gegenreformation genannt wird, sind nach meinem Urteil – die eine wie die andere – mehr Gegenreformation als Reformation, das heißt, dass sie mehr ausgerichtet sind wie eine gegen eine andere, als dass sie ausgerichtet sind auf die ursprüngliche evangelische Form des Lebens: auf die vita apostolica et evangelica (das Leben Jesu und seiner Jünger).

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Kalendar u izdanjima Nauka krstjanskog Matije Divkovića

Author(s): Lejla Nakaš / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The Large Christian Study (1611) and those in the different editions of his small Study, and compares them to the calendars from the period preceeding Divković’s first publication. Divković’s relationship to the calendars in the Croatian-Glagolitic Codex Copitar 22 (14th c. or beginning of 15thc.), in the first printed Croatian-Glagolitic Missal (1483), in the Bosnian manuscript from the Palatina Library in Parma (middle of 15th c.), in the Dubrovnik Cyrillic prayer book (1512), and the one of his contemporary Bandulavić, will be discussed with regard to exploring mentionings of local and regional saints.

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Inovativna grafematička rješenja u Divkovićevim tiskanim izdanjima

Author(s): Irena Damian / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Aus der Analyse der gedruckten Ausgaben von Matija Divković sowie des Gebetsbuchs von Dubrovnik ging die Feststellung hervor, dass im Laufevon hundert Jahren in Anlehnung insbesondere an graphematische und graphetische Beziehungen in der lateinischen Schrift, in das eigens der breiten Masse geltende, wirkungsvolle Schreiben und Lesen der westkyrillischen Schrift, eingedrungen wurde. Besondere Hervorhebung jedoch giltder Übernahme des auß ergewöhnlichsten glagolitisch–kyrillischen Usus,nämlich die des đerv. Divković verzichtete während seiner Suche nach einereffektiveren Druckschrift weiterhin auf zahlreiche aus den älteren kroatischen,aber auch bosnischen Texten des 15. Jh. bekannten Buch staben,d.h. solche ohne eine erkennbare graphematische Funktion, bspw. jat, jery,iž, sowie auf Vokale mit dem prothetischen j. Damit distanzierte er sichgänzlich von den restlichen kyrillischen Schreib traditionen. Mit seinem graphischen Verfahren beeinfl usste er gleichzeitig auch die kroatische Lateinschrift,in dem die dort oft vorkommenden ungarischen und die italienischen Vorbilder beseitigt wurden.

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Divkovićevi Abramovi Verši

Author(s): Krešimir Šimić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The first part of this paper deals with the possible manuscripts that Divković used for writing Abarmovi verši (‘Abarm’s Verses’). After recapitulating previous studies, it is concluded that Divković used one unknown or maybe two known manuscripts. In the second part, after considering two theological topoi (mandatum–promissio and sola fide) that were prevalent in the dramatizations of biblical texts, the paper emphasises that Divković chose his dramatization based on the topos of sola fide. Later on the paper points out that such a choice is unexpected because it is characteristic of Protestant dramatizations, which advocate “justification by faith”, while Roman Catholic dramatizations advocate “justification by works”.

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Impact of Natural Conditions on the Regional Historical Development (Based on the Example of the Mordovian Land of the XVII Century)

Author(s): Valery Yurchenkov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The development of the Mordovian region in the early XVII century under conditions of an existential crisis, caused by extreme climatic situation, is analyzed in the article. The impact of changes in natural conditions on the regional historical development, which resulted in a series of “lean years” and a sharp surge of national discontent with the policy of the State, is considered. Ways of overcoming the crisis, proposed by the people and authorities, are comprehended.

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Город Тара и его роль в судьбе сибирских татар в XVII веке

Author(s): Sergey F. Tataurov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In this work we are talking about the Russian town of Tara founded at the Irtysh River in 1594, and its role in the fate of the Siberian Tatars, who were citizens of the Siberian Khanate and at the end of the 16th century became citizens of the Russian state. The town, established only to ensure the ultimate defeat of Kuchum Khan, began to play a very significant role in consolidation of the Siberian Tatars, unexpectedly for the Tara voivodes. The Muslim community, which emerged under the leadership of one of the first Islamic preachers in Siberia — Din-aul-khojah, turned into the center disseminating Islam among all Turkic-speaking population of the Western Siberia. Trade ways, passing through the Irtysh region near Tara, were not closed upon the emergence of the Russian town, and, what is more, they turned it into a key point in Siberian trade with Central Asia, and later with China. For a long time, the Irtysh area near Tara remained a stronghold of Kuchum Khan and his successors and, contrary to all actions of the local Russian administration, the town of Tara became a source for the replenishment of weapons and supplies for the Kuchum’s troops. These interesting pages in the history of one of the first Russian towns in Siberia are addressed in this article.

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Francuzi w Szkole Rycerskiej. Związki cudzoziemców z Warszawą

Author(s): Elżbieta Wichrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The publication concerns the history of the School of Chivalry (1765–1794). It discusses the issues of the everyday life of the cadets and professors of the Corps of Cadets, the topographical and architectural arrangement of the grounds of the contemporary main campus as well as models of modern education of the School of Chivalry. The authors reconstruct the ideological model proposed by the founders of the School.

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Dwugłos o Louisie de Lalandzie – wprowadzenie

Author(s): Elżbieta Wichrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The publication concerns the history of the School of Chivalry (1765–1794). It discusses the issues of the everyday life of the cadets and professors of the Corps of Cadets, the topographical and architectural arrangement of the grounds of the contemporary main campus as well as models of modern education of the School of Chivalry. The authors reconstruct the ideological model proposed by the founders of the School.

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Louis de Lalande – działalność w Szkole Rycerskiej

Author(s): Weronika Pawlik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The publication concerns the history of the School of Chivalry (1765–1794). It discusses the issues of the everyday life of the cadets and professors of the Corps of Cadets, the topographical and architectural arrangement of the grounds of the contemporary main campus as well as models of modern education of the School of Chivalry. The authors reconstruct the ideological model proposed by the founders of the School.

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Kapitan Louis de Lalande w Polsce

Author(s): Magdalena Łysik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The publication concerns the history of the School of Chivalry (1765–1794). It discusses the issues of the everyday life of the cadets and professors of the Corps of Cadets, the topographical and architectural arrangement of the grounds of the contemporary main campus as well as models of modern education of the School of Chivalry. The authors reconstruct the ideological model proposed by the founders of the School.

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Oświeceniowy podręcznik do historii jako projekt dydaktyczno-wychowawczy. Józefa Kajetana Skrzetuskiego Historia powszechna dla szkół narodowych na klasę III i wydane do niej Przypisy…

Author(s): Maria Asman / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The publication concerns the history of the School of Chivalry (1765–1794). It discusses the issues of the everyday life of the cadets and professors of the Corps of Cadets, the topographical and architectural arrangement of the grounds of the contemporary main campus as well as models of modern education of the School of Chivalry. The authors reconstruct the ideological model proposed by the founders of the School.

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Jednorożce, przeciwstopni i góry ogniste – w podręczniku Michała Jana Hubego, ostatniego generalnego dyrektora nauk

Author(s): Joanna Ziółkowska-Krzywda,Jan Krzywda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The publication concerns the history of the School of Chivalry (1765–1794). It discusses the issues of the everyday life of the cadets and professors of the Corps of Cadets, the topographical and architectural arrangement of the grounds of the contemporary main campus as well as models of modern education of the School of Chivalry. The authors reconstruct the ideological model proposed by the founders of the School.

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О редкой находке в Березове на севере Западной Сибири

Author(s): Alexandr V. Kurbatov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In 2018, at the townsite (late medieval posad or suburb) within the modern urban settlement of Berezovo, in the north of Western Siberia, at the low reaches of the Ob River (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast), eight horizons of dwelling and economic buildings of the 17th—18th century were excavated. At estate no. 8, in the fifth building horizon, remains of a dwelling log-house no. 20 and adjoining log household building no. 20A were uncovered. In the latter building, in a layer of rotten straw and manure, a rare archaeological object was found — a leather carabine holster (olstra) with embossed decoration. The estate was functioning in the second half of the 17th century.The holster from Berezovo was the sevenths find of this kind of leather objects in the whole history of archaeological investigations in the Russian Federation. The holster is intended for carrying carabine on the shooter’s back or being suspended on the front pommel of the saddle. It was suspended with the help of belts run through holes in the holster, similarly to the finds from Moscow. To the Moscow find, the Berezovo find is close also in terms of its purpose — used for a carabine, as well as the decorative ornamentation with incised figures. This fact suggests that this object was manufactured by Moscow artisans.

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WILLEM JACOB ‘S GRAVESANDE’S METHODOLOGICAL VIEWS

Author(s): Steffen Ducheyne / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

That ‘s Gravesande (1688–1742) did not follow Newton’s doctrines ad literam has been frequently observed in the literature. Yet, despite such mitigation of ‘s Gravesande’s Newtonianism, it has frequently been maintained that he was an advocate of Newton’s methodology. Here I shall argue that, although ‘s Gravesande took over key terms of Newton’s methodological canon, upon close scrutiny, his methodological views were quite different from and occasionally even incongruent with Newton’s views on the matter.

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GALILEO’S USE OF PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE

Author(s): Epaminondas Vampoulis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper a new look upon Galileo’s Discorsi is proposed, a look based on the use of practical knowledge made in this major work. It is interesting to note that Galileo places the three interlocutors of the dialogue in an arsenal, and that this place determines the subject of the conversations they will have, especially of their conversation on the problem of the resistance of matter to fracture. The study of this problem in the Discorsi is related to significant practical consequences as well as to the work which is done in the arsenal. According to Salviati and Sagredo who open the dialogue, one can acquire knowledge in the area of mechanics by making use of the knowledge accumulated by the artisans who work in the arsenal. To be more precise, the total amount of the observations one can acquire in the arsenal does not contain just those gathered by the artisans themselves, but consists of a larger group of observations some of which come from their predecessors. Having in their minds the total amount of these observations, some artisans of the arsenal are according to Salviati well equipped in order to develop their own thoughts by using their own reason.

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