Цикълът на Деянията и Чудесата Христови от притвора на Черепишката манастирска църква „Успение Богородично”

Author(s): Maya Zacharieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article treats the iconographic specifics of the cycle of Christ’s acts and miracles at the earliest narthex of the Catholicon of The Assumption, Monastery of Cherepish, which researchers traditionally attribute to the work of St Poemen of Zographou. The study makes also certain observations about their connection with the so-called School of Epirus as evinced in the murals at the Church of St Nicholas of Philanthropenoi in Ioannina, Pamvotida Lake, as well as in other examples in the Balkans and the Athonite monasteries of the age. The analysis shows that the icon-painters were familiar with the models used by the sixteenth-century leading post-Byzantine artistic centres.

The Franciscan Eusebio Fermendžin and His Work in Favor of Bulgaria

Author(s): Yordanka Gesheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2014

Euzebijo Fermendžin was born in Vinga, the Banat region (Romania) and was a descendant of catholicized Bulgarian Paulicians from Nikopol, who had left their homes at the beginning of the 18th century but haven’t lost their Bulgarian national consciousness. Fermendzhin was better known in Rome and the Vatican, in Vienna and Hungary, in Croatia, than he was in our lands, but spiritually, emotionally and creatively, he was also related to Bulgaria. He reached the highest positions in the Franciscan Order, he was a professor at Catholic schools and academies; a corresponding member of the South Slavic Academy of Sciences in Zagreb; for some time he was the head of the well-known multivolume edition of Luke Vading ”Annales Minorum”, in which were published documents and studies on the history of the Franciscan Order all over the world and others. Collector and compiler of ”Acta Bulgaria ecclesiastica ...”, a large volume of documents on Bulgarian church history from 1565 to 1799, published in Zagreb in 1887, and also the collections ”Acta Bosnae potissimum ecclesiastca ...”, of ”Acta Croatiae ...” and others.

Манастирът Пустиня и неговите фрески от XVII век

Author(s): Biserka Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2003

Rövidítések

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: I/2006

Abbreviations used in the studies.

Жестът на скръстените пръсти според хирологията във френската живопис през ХVІІ–ХVІІІ век

Author(s): Temenuzhka Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

Hands language as a means of expression in rhetoric and fine arts, the rules of which were presented mainly by the Roman authors Cicero and Quintilian, continued to stir interest over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and strongly influenced artists and their iconographic reference points. English physician and rhetorician John Bulwer (1606–1656) devoted a few of his significant works to studying of the human gesture system, offering over 120 chirograms (types) of particular meanings. Spanish mathematician Juan Caramuel (1606–1682) studied the rhetorical wealth of chirologia, defining it as a major means of human communication. Hand gestures with fingers locked together is traditionally deemed to be a Christian prayer gesture, where palms are pressed together with fingers straight pointing up. In fact, the locked together fingers, known as early as the Antiquity, unlike the prayer gesture that emerged as late as the late medieval period, designated something else: a moment of deep sadness and suffering reflecting the strong tension of the mind. French artist Georges de La Tour uses this gesture as a basis for reflection on the vanity of worldly goods. Thus the position of the hands played the role of both a plastic device and an iconographic symbol.

Kontakty Polski z Chinami od XIII do końca XVIII wieku – próba nowego spojrzenia

Author(s): Józef Włodarski,Zhao Gang / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2014

The article describes the history of Polish relations with China, starting from the end of the 13th century to the end of the 18th century. It focuses mainly on political and economic relations, but it refers to the civilizational and cultural relations as well. The Author omits, already quite well analyzed, issues concerning the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries in China. The Author mentions the Battle of Legnica on Dobre Pole on 9th April 1241, which should be considered as the first contact between the Poles and the Mongols. The Author mentions diplomatic mission of the Franciscan Benedict the Pole who on 22th July 1246, as the first Pole, reached Karakorum in Mongolia. However, the most part of the article concerns the attempts to find a simpler way to China through the lands of Moscow, which has failed, and even in the 12th century, the Poles used the sea route or traveled through Persia. The article highlights the efforts of missionaries and diplomats in that matter. As the most interesting issue in Polish-Chinese relations in the period until the end of the 18th century, the Author indicates an attempt to establish direct relations between the king Jan III Sobieski and the Chinese emperor Kangxi. Jan III Sobieski after the victory over the Turks at Vienna has sent one of his portraits to the emperor’s court, who accepted the gift and has responded writing him a letter. Moreover, in the 18th century, not only the king Jan III Sobieski, but also merchants, middle-class bourgeois and landowners possessed Chinese products, especially Chinese porcelain.

„Angels and Men’ assisted by this Art, May Sing together, though they Dwell apart”-Angielskie antologie świeckiej i religijnej muzyki wokalnej z drugiej połowy XVII wieku w kolekcji Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej

Author(s): Róża Zuzanna Różańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02 (29)/2016

The article describes the group of seventeen early English prints from the second half of the 17th century. The prints are part of the collection of the former Preußische Staatsbibliothek in Berlin kept in The Jagiellonian University and contain ayres and religious songs. Fourteen of them were published by John and Henry Playford. The first part of the paper shows the biographies of the publishers and brings the state of research on their work. The second part includes the detailed description of the seventeen of early English prints. The final part presents the content of the prints and biographies of its most important composers.

Дейността на Амирдовлад Амасиаци в Пловдив в контекста на някои тенденции в българските земи през периода XV–XVII в.

Author(s): Slavka Toshkova-Hristozova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01+02/2016

Subject of research is the activity of Amirdovlad Amasiatsi in Plovdiv. He is among encyclopedic figures in the Ottoman Empire during the in its expansion in the Balkans in the XV century. Its activity is reflected in official documents and original medical works. The new read activities of Amasiatsi aims not only to promote a medieval physician and pharmacologist working in the Bulgarian lands, but whose works reveal scientific and cultural trends imposed during XV – XVII century. The activity of Amasiatsi consider three aspects that represent three separate research tasks – the role of Amasiatsi as a physician and scientist in the specific historical conditions in the Balkans, focusing on its activities in the region of Plovdiv and placing this work in the context of trends imposed in called. «Dark ages» – the destruction of the Christian intelligentsia, the collapse of education and scientific knowledge depersonalization of culture. Positive trends are striving to defend the faith, creation of literature in spoken language, care for the education of students – future healers and pharmacologists. In this sense, what Amasiatsi in Plovdiv is an expression of moral, ethical and human values inherent in the spirit of the Hippocratic medicine scientific medical school in Constantinople.

Едно изображение на св. Никола Нови в контекста на стенописта в Арбанаси от XVII–XVIII век

Author(s): Vanya Sapundzieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The article examines an unpublished image of St. Nickolas the New in the loft of St George Church in Arbanassi. After a short review of the cult to the five saints that bear the name of St Nicholas the New, the author limits the choice of a particular saint to two alternatives – the most popular saint in the post-Byzantine era in terms of representation frequency – St Nicholas of Vuneni (the New) and St Nicholas of Sofia (the New). The difficulty in the precise definition of the image in Arbanassi is due mainly to the varying iconography and to the practice of representing newer saints with features of known namesakes that already have a widespread cult. Nevertheless, arguments are given in support of both possible variants, which are based on the ethnic content and the livelihoods of the population in Arbanassi, as well as on the most probable origin of the icon-painters who decorated the loft of St George Church in Arbanassi. An attempt is made to examine the murals in the context of the church complex in Arbanassi by seeking stylistic and iconographic similarities, which would provide a possibility to identify the specific prerequisites for identification on the background of the development of post-Byzantine art in the Balkan context.

Stredoveké jadrá meštianskych domov na Alžbetinej ulici č. 17  a Dominikánskom námestí č. 11 v Košiciach

Author(s): Michaela Haviarová,Jozef Tihányi / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2013

The houses on the Dominikanske Square 11 and Alzbetina Street 17 are situated in the northwest quarter of the medieval city. An important finding was reached during the research of the houses, what is the definition of the medieval ground alignment. The house at the Dominikanske square 11 had practically today's niveau and the plain of the square leaned towards the Dominican church. At Alzbetina Street 17, there is the 15th century entrance situated in the depth of approximately 3m below the surface. The primary single-room houses were apparently shifted behind today’s street front. The 14th century heart of the house on Alzbetina Street 17 was partly vaulted and partly covered by flat ceiling. The 15th century house on Dominikanske Square 11 apparently replaced older building. The single room with the barrel vault remained.

Testament Invocations as a Manifestation of the Religiosity of Kraków Burghers in the 17th and 18th Centuries

Author(s): Marcin Gadocha / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview over the last wills as the historical sources. The first part of this work consists of the overview of published relevant works; it also summarised the well-known facts about purpose and creation of the last wills. The paper describes its form, possible use as well as their development. The emphasis is put on the concrete manuscripts originated from the region of Kraków from the 17th and 18th century. The last part of paper is dedicated to specific section of testament – the invocation.

Chief Judges and Urban Elite of Miskolc in the Turkish Era (1550 – 1700)

Author(s): Éva Gyulai / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

Market town Miskolc has gone into the possession of pledge holders in the Turkish Era who preserved its medieval character and were elected by the serf-burgers. The serf-burgers continued to elect the town’s self-administration i. e. the council and the chief judge, which started to keep permanent protocols (Towns’ Book) from 1565. Chief judges emerged from among the serf citizens of the town, no nobleman could hold this position, but from mid 17th century, only noblemen, what is more, landowners filled this function. In the 16th century, the urban elite consisted of rich serf-burgers, craftsmen and a small number of merchants, but there was also a small ’outsider’ noble elite attached to the castle and dominium of Diósgyőr. In the 17th century, there were significant changes in the town’s society and elite. An increasingly larger numbers of the citizens applied for nobility, and due to the Turkish wars, a lot of noble families also moved into the town from the countryside starting to form a new noble strong group in Miskolc.

The Jewish Community in Kraków and Kazimierz and the Jewish Communal Authorities in the Light of Internal Sources (16th – 18th Centuries)

Author(s): Anna Jakimyszyn / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The Jewish community in Kraków were an example of the organizational forms used in the Jewish communities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. They varied from community to community. The administration system and system solutions were defined under state authority regulations, local and private legislation and internal regulations of Jewish authorities. For the Jewish community in Kraków in the modern period the most important internal sources were the Kraków Community Charter and the community record books – pinkasim. People who worked for the community could be divided into two groups. To the first group belong the Kraków Community Board (parnasim, towim and fourteen kahal members). In addition to the Kraków Community Board there were a number of other officials of the community. They had several areas of responsibility: finances, maintenance of order in the Jewish quarter ad supervision of crafts and trade. To this group belong also judges [three to each of the three governing bodies]. To the second group of the people working for the community belong rabbi, cantor, ritual slaughterer and beadles, community secretary, midwives, doctors, street cleaners, public bath personnel, prison guards and sentries watching over the gates leading to the quarter. The analysis of the list of the Kraków’s community officials and functionaries showed as the power was in the hand of a small groups of inhabitants. Nevertheless, the system of the communal institutions proved very durable, probably because till the end of the 18th century there was no other alternative solutions.

The Decline of the Kraków Jewish Community in the Early Modern Period

Author(s): Adam Kaźmierczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

At the end of the16th century Kraków’s Jewish community was the most important cahal in Poland. This situation lasted until the middle of the17th century. Just a century later Kraków’s elders were begging the voivode of Kraków to protect them against claims of smaller communities, such as Wodzisław, which demanded jurisdiction over Jews in villages just by the walls of Kraków’s agglomeration. The lecture will show how the changes in Jewish demography as well as the king’s resignation from jurisdiction over Jews in private estates and other changes in political system of the Polish Commonwealth affected the situation of Kraków’s community and resulted in its loss of power in the state and among the Jewish population in Lesser Poland.

Family Strategies of Opavian Burgher Elites in the Period of Religious Transformation

Author(s): Irena Korbelářová,Radmila Dluhošová / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

The study deals with the characteristics of Opava, the metropolis of one of the Silesian principalities in the period of completion of political and religious transformation (circa 1630 – 1660) and culminating transformation of the burgher society. Its elites are classified as people (and their families) with the highest extent of social prestige and political rights that shaped the public life of the locality in a fundamental way. It states that in Opava in the given period it concerned estimated 20 – 25 people/families out of circa 300 burgher families and 500 – 600 settled families. It perceives family strategies as intentional steps and activities aimed towards improving and strengthening of the positions of an individual and his or her family in the private, professional and public areas, and ensuring (improving) the status of the descendants in the town, respectively the country society. Based on the present micro-studies, it declares the initial theses for the consequent research considering the following strategies: 1. ensuring and enlarging of the real estates of municipal and free (nobility) character as a source of strengthening the social status and influence, as well as securing the family positions, 2. nobilitation as a source of achieving an exceptional position in the municipal society, 3. transitional rituals (marriage, christening, funeral) where the most substantial role is seen in the marriage policy and the choice of partners for the members of the elites and their children, or alternatively the closest relatives, 4. support of education and directing of the professional orientation of the descendants. The study also indicates further possible activities that may be included into family strategies that so far stand completely (or almost completely) aside from the interest of historical research of Opava in the given period (expansion of the family memory, marriages across the social classes, motivation and features of private bonds and contacts, relations of burghers and household members without blood and relative bonds, etc.)

РОССИЙСКИЕ МУЛЛЫ В ОСМАНСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ (1685–1924 ГГ.) ПО ДАННЫМ ТАТАРСКИХ ИСТОРИКО-БИОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЙ

Author(s): Daniyar Rustamovich Gilmutdinov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

This paper for the first time explores the religious ties between Russian and Ottoman Muslims. It is a pilot project, a draft of the future, more deep and complete, investigation. We tried to demonstrate the connections and fates of some persons during the loss of the historical leadership by the Ottoman Empire in the Black Sea since the end of the 17th century. The purpose of our study is to show the dynamics and significance of these personalities in the Islamic centers, such as the Anatolian Peninsula, Egypt, and Hijaz, as well as the specificity of religious contacts between the extreme northern and extreme western parts of “Dar al-Turk” (World of Turks). Our data are based on the information of Tatar biographical encyclopedias published in Arabic, Old Tatar, and Tatar. We studied only one area of contacts: the social status and worldview of imams from Russia (mainly Tatars) in the above-mentioned foreign lands. Since the Ottoman Empire was the only “window to the Ummah” for Tatar Muslims, it became associated with some kind of myth of “unmissed” opportunities for self-expression, without substantially changing religious views and only slightly “adjusting” national identity. This idea can be found in the religious works written by Tatar Muslims after 1552. The Ottoman Empire became a platform for implementation of the educational and socio-political plans of both Sufi and progressive kind. The success and adaptation of Tatar imams depended on their positive attitude, energy, as well as willingness and readiness to solve the new challenges. Among close but little investigated areas concerning the Ottoman-Tatar religious contacts, there are the problems of popularity of medieval Ottoman religious literature among the Tatars based on the manuscripts and printed sources, reception of the all-Muslim (Quranic and Hadith-based) features in the Ottoman (Turkish) and Tatar cultures, actual functioning of Islam (“Muslimness”) in Turkish and Tatar regions, as well as spiritual and material tradition of both nations.

„Swą starą skórę zrzuć i stań się znowu młody”. Idea „ponownego narodzenia” w programach ideowych protestanckich konfesjonałów na Pomorzu u schyłku XVII i w XVIII w.

Author(s): Marcin Wisłocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2007

Кольчатое наголовье второй половины XVI — середины XIX вв. из собрания Национального музея Республики Казахстан

Author(s): Leonid Bobrov,O.M. Agatay,Syrym Serikkazinovich Khasenov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 16/2024

The article analyses a unique mail coif (ҚРҰМ нқ ҚЖ 13) stored in the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on its design features, the mail coif is attributed as one of the variants of ringed “bashlyks”. The closest analogues were found from the territory of Central Asia and Southern Siberia. In Kazakhstan and Maverannahr (in particular, in Kokand) the mail “bashlyks” were used until the middle ofthe 19th century. The model is unique because the production of crown used flat “baydana” rings. The late period of the spread of ringed “bashlyks” with a “baydana” crown in the region was previously localized in the second half of the 16th — early 17th centuries, that is, the period of the existence of the Kazakh Khanate. It is likely that the mail coif of the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan was made in the 17th— 18th centuries by craftsmen of Maverannahr or neighboring territories and was in service with Kazakh, Uzbek or, less likely, Oirat (Dzungarian) warriors. The artifact is a vivid model of Central Asian mail coifs and is a vivid example of the military-cultural relations of the Kazakhs with the Bukhara Khanate, Kokand and other state entities of the region.

ISTORIJA JUGOSLOVENSKE IDEJE 1500-1918

Author(s): Fikret Midžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2018

Review of: Istorija jugoslovenske ideje 1500-1918. Autori: Boro Bronza, Slavojka Beštić-Bronza, Boško M. Branković i Borivoje Milošević Izdavač: Nezavisni Univerzitet Banja Luka, 2018.

ОСМАНСЬКІ АКЧЕ, МЕДІНІ ТА ІКІЛІКИ КІНЦЯ XVI – ПОЧАТКУ XVІII ст. В КОЛЕКЦІЇ ОДЕСЬКОГО АРХЕОЛОГІЧНОГО МУЗЕЮ

Author(s): Dmytro YANOV / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8/2024

The paper introduces the silver coins of the Ottoman Empire of small denominations of the late 16th – early 18th centuries, stored in the old numismatic collection of the Odesa Archaeological Museum of the NAS of Ukraine (formed before the Second World War), including: Mehmed III (1595–1603): akçe minted in Sidrekapsi (1 pc.) and Kostantiniye (1 pc.) Ahmed I (1603–1617): akçe minted in Amid (2 pcs.) and medini minted in Misr (1 pc.) Osman II (1618–1622): akçe minted in Misr (1 pc.). Mustafa I, 2nd reign (1622–1623): akçe minted in Kostantiniye (1 pc.). Murad IV (1623–1640): akçe minted in Kostantiniye (1 pc.) and Belgrade (2 pcs.), medini minted in Misr (2 pcs.), Ibrahim (1640–1648): akçe minted in Kostantiniye (5 pcs.) and Misr (1 pc.), ikilik minted in Kostantiniye (2 pcs.), medini minted in Misr (1 pc.). Ahmed III (1703–1730): hand struck medini minted in Misr in the beginning of the reign (1 pc.). The circumstances and time of the finds of these coins are unknown. However, most likely, they were found in the North-Western Black Sea region. The loss of information about the context of the find negatively affects the value of these coins as sources of the history of currency circulation. Nevertheless, the data on the type, weight and typology of these coins can be considered in further studies on the history of minting and cataloging of coin types of the Ottoman Empire. Particularly noteworthy are the relatively rare types of akçe of Ahmed I minted in Amid, second reign of Mustafa I minted in Kostantiniye, Osman II and Ibrahim minted in Misr. The examined coins belong to three denominations: akçe, which was the main silver currency of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th – 17th centuries, medini (also known as medin/maydin, later para), which was minted in Misr (Egypt) even before the Ottoman conquest of this region and was incorporated into the Ottoman monetary system as a local currency, and ikilik or double akçe, which was minted only during the reign of Ibrahim (1640–1648) in Constantinople.