Die Eigennamen im Burgrechtsbuch von Rokitnitz im Adlergebirge (1572–1666)

Author(s): Lucie Jakubcová / Language(s): German Issue: 01+02/2016

Die Stadtbücher und überhaupt alle Schriftlichkeit der Kanzleien gehören zu den amtlichen Quellen, in denen die Eigennamen „textkonstitutive lexikalische Einheiten“ (KRÜGER 2004: 128) bilden und die „für den Textaufbau nahezu unverzichtbar“ (WINDBERGER-HEIDENKUMMER 2012: 301) sind. Die Anfänge der onomastischen Untersuchung von Stadtbüchern reichen bis in die 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts (WEINHOLD 1867) zurück, es fehlen jedoch bisher systematische onomastische Untersuchungen vom Texttyp1 Stadtbuch (WINDBERGERHEIDENKUMMER 2012: 295), obwohl das Auswertungspotenzial dieses Texttyps hoch ist.

Velikonoční symbolika v lyrice Adama Michny z Otradovic

Author(s): Hana Křížová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

Seen in the context of previous Catholic song production, the literary and musical work by the Czech baroque organist and composer Adam Michna from Otradovice (c. 1600–1676) was very innovative. The study focuses on an analysis of several symbols in Easter songs from Michna’s hymnbooks Česká mariánská muzika (Czech Marian Music, 1647) and Svatoroční muzika (Holy Year Music, 1661).

Obraz Židů v českém kazatelství přelomu 17. a 18. století: předběžné poznámky

Author(s): Daniel Soukup / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

Although Jews and Judaism were marginal topics of early modern preaching in the Czech lands, this paper shows that these rare mentions shaped the image of the Jewish community in Christian eyes, and that the Catholic sermons both guided and partly smoothed the hostile perception of Jews. This article examines Czech collections of sermons from the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, the period of the official oppression, and the state anti-Jewish policy, moreover focusing on the roots and function of the literary representation of Jews. It is indisputable that preachers, drawing from medieval literature, were fundamentally influenced by the traditional theological concept of Jews as a living witness to the Christian truth. At the same time, baroque sermons reused medieval exempla and miracula preserving narratives about host desecrations, ritual murders, as well as miraculous conversions. The Jewish figures in the Czech sermons served also as a concetto (conceit), a cornerstone in the structure of conceptual preaching. Due to the increasing number of Bohemian and Moravian Jewry at the end of 17th century, and the socioeconomical tension between Christian and Jewish communities, catholic preachers pursued contemporary topics and criticized unpermitted contacts, allegedly leading to the inferior status of Christians. On the other hand, these critical notes usually were targeted primarily on Christian believers and their laxity in the observance of religious life, as well as ignorance of social hierarchy. Anti-Jewish rhetoric was an integral part of early modern homiletics, however, catholic preachers endeavoured to avoid vulgar and popular anti-Judaism. Based on the analysis of Czech sermons, the pulpit oratory did not represent the official reduction and extirpation policy of the Habsburg dynasty in Bohemia and Moravia, contrarily, there are few examples of preachers who reservedly defended Jewish community against any kind of injustice.

Nadzorcy nad aktami oraz archiwiści w grodach Korony w okresie XV–XVIII w. Zarys problemu

Author(s): Janusz Łosowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 122/2021

W literaturze naukowej nie było opracowania o charakterze syntetycznym, które ukazałoby proces ewolucji w zakresie opieki nad aktami grodzkimi, dlatego artykuł ten wypełnia istniejącą lukę. Ukazano w nim proces stop¬niowego powierzania obowiązków związanych z zabezpieczeniem akt grodzkich różnym urzędnikom, który w końcu doprowadził do powołania w jednym z urzędów grodzkich (chełmskim) stanowiska archiwisty. Zakoń¬czyło to w tym grodzie proces wyodrębniania się archiwum z kancelarii grodzkiej. Był to ważny fakt zarówno w dziejach polskich instytucji sądo¬wych okresu staropolskiego, jak i archiwów. W innych urzędach grodzkich formalne wydzielenie archiwów nie nastąpiło, prawdopodobnie ze względu na rychły upadek Rzeczypospolitej. W artykule szczegółowo opisano etapy przekazywania kompetencji archiwalnych na różnych urzędników kance-laryjnych, wykorzystując informacje zawarte w dotychczasowych publika¬cjach oraz nieuwzględnionych do tej pory źródłach. [In the academic literature so far there was no synthetic study presenting evolutionary processes in the field of custody of municipal records, therefore this article aims to fill this gap. It shows the process of gradual delegation of responsibilities concerning safekeeping of town records to various officials, which finally led to establishing the position of an archivist in one of the municipal offices (in Chełm). This ended the process of separation of the archive from the municipal office. This was an important fact in the history of both Polish judicial institutions of the Old Polish period and archives as such. In other municipal offices, a formal separation of archives did not occur, probably due to the imminent collapse of Polish state. This article describes in detail the phases of passing the archival competences to various office clerks, using the information contained in previous publications and sources not covered so far.]

Amelia M. Glaser, editor. Stories of Khmelnytsky: Competing Literary Legacies of the 1648 Ukrainian Cossack Uprising

Author(s): Judith Kalik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

REVIEW OF: Amelia M. Glaser, editor. Stories of Khmelnytsky: Competing Literary Legacies of the 1648 Ukrainian Cossack Uprising. Stanford UP, 2015. Stanford Studies on Central and Eastern Europe, edited by Norman Naimark and Larry Wolff. xxiv, 296 pp. Illustrations. Maps. Table. Notes. Bibliography of Source Texts on the Khmelnytsky Uprisings. Index.

Zapomniane wyrazy polskie z XVII wieku

Author(s): Stanisław Stachowski / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2011

The article presents a group of words from F. Meninski’s Thesaurus Linguarium Orientalium (1680), which denote agents and carriers of attributes. The collection contains about a hundred words. Only few of them are still in use nowadays in the formal language, mainly in historical novels. Some can also be still found in modern Polish dialects. These words, however, are new derivatives rather than the continuants of our words, and usually have a different meaning.

Fragmentele de medicină populară din manuscrisele slavone din Banat

Author(s): Duşiţa Ristin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2010

Besides the presentation of the main language characteristics of the Slavonic manuscript Miscelaneul de la Praga (of XIV-XVth century, Hodoş-Bodrog Monastery) that could be established, with more or less approximation, the period and the origin of the writer or the linguistic area where the work was copied, this manuscript could be analyzed from its content point of view, as well. In this case, we would have an interdisciplinary approach of lecebnic, and the information about the folk medicine that we can find there could make a background for a presentation of the folk believes about illness and their remedies in the Medieval Age. That would be one of the common elements and the starting point for a comparative estimation of the folk medicine fragments of Miscelaneul de la Praga (The Slavonic Book of Prague) and Sbornicul medical de la Variaş (The Medical Book of Variaş, XVII-XIXth century ). Much more than that, in both of them we can find magic and symbolic formula and practices of driving away the illness that have a direct relation with the magic medicine. So far, all these facts could be relevant for the magic thought and vision of the south-east European folk culture and tradition.

Европа, Балканите и българите (XV–XVII в.) Някои историографски проблеми

Author(s): Ekaterina Vecheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2000

The theme of Europe, the Balkans and the Bulgarians has different aspects and considerable literature has accumulated on it in West European, Balkan and Bulgarian historiography. The most general survey made shows that for European historical thought of considerably greater interest as from the first centuries of the New Age were the questions connected with the political might and social structure of the Ottoman Empire. The studies on the Balkan peoples and their relations with the Catholic states as an independent subject of research are considerably less numerous. Bulgaria and the Bulgarians most often are included in the works of Slavicists, philologists and that chiefly with their political and cultural activities in the period prior to the Ottoman settlement in Europe. The achievements of Bulgarian and Balkan historiography prove that in the difficult conditions of the Ottoman feudal state, although at a considerably slower tempo economic processes similar to the European developed in the Balkans. Special room is devoted in the article to certain problems in historiography to the relations between East and West in the cultural sphere and between Catholicism and Orthodoxy. The need emerges for a thorough and detailed study of a number of questions the answers to which will contribute to the fuller elucidation of the structure and character of the Bulgarian and all-Balkan, and of the all-European culture.

Reflexie dobových napätí Uhorska v barokovej poézii

Author(s): Kristína Pavlovičová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2010

Spiritual poetry of the baroque era in Slovakia has been relatively little interpreted from the viewpoint of the theme and motives until now. It used to serve like a language material that has been explained form the aspect of lexical historicism and archaism. In the baroque texts unattractive for readers it is possible to disclose again the relevant interest for readers through interpretation anthropologically aimed to the picture of the then world.

Първото завладяване на Буда от османците през 1526 г. и историята на една еврейска фамилия

Author(s): Evgeniy Radoushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/1998

The article acquaints one with newly discovered Ottoman documents concerning the first capture of Buda by Sultan Suleiman I in 1526. The documents shed light on the events connected with handing over the keys of the fortress to the Ottoman ruler; this was done by Solomon, the son of Yasef, representative of the Jewish community in the city. Sultan Suleiman I granted privileges to this family which were confirmed by every following ruler up to the second half of the 19th c. In the course of time Solomon’s offspring scattered over the territory of the Balkan possessions of the Ottomans, and a branch of the family came to the town of Rousse. The official Ottoman documents presented in the article provide interesting details about the relations of these persons with the authorities and about their position in the Islamic Empire. This source material is of interest for the students of the early Ottoman conquests in Central Europe and for those who are interested in the history of the Jews in the Balkan lands.

Putna Musical School and Tradition of Ukrainian-Belarusian Church Chant of the 16th–18th Centuries: Some Points of Interaction

Author(s): Yevgeniya Ignatenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The connection between the Moldavian and Ukrainian-Belarusian chant traditions of the 16th –18th centuries is not easy to materialize at the level of the chant repertoire. Firstly, the comparative analysis of chant repertoires is complicated by the use of different musical notations. Secondly, the Ukrainian-Belarusian chant repertoire, the roots of which go back to the chant tradition of the Old Rus, is almost 100% anonymous. In the 16th–17th centuries, new chants appeared in Ukrainian and Belarusian manuscripts, often with accompanying toponymic remarks indicating their foreign origin: Greek, Bulgarian, Serbian, Wallachian, and so on. The comparison of the same chant in different manuscripts reveals differences in the designation of its origin. The connections between the Putna and Manyava monasteries are outlined. The results of Elena Tončeva’s research based on the Manyava manuscripts are analyzed and considered in a broader context. To date, we have identified five Greek-language chants common to Moldavian and Ukrainian-Belarusian manuscripts. There are the Cherubic songs Οἱ τὰ Χερουβεὶμ of Ioannes Glykys, Manuel Chrysaphes and Anthimos Lavriotes; the Cherubic song of the Presanctified Gifts’ liturgy Νῦν αἱ Δυνάμεις of the monk Longin and Sunday Communion Αἰνεῖτε τὸν Κύριον of Joakeim Harsianites.

Acoperământul pentru Sfânta Masă de la Mănăstirea Putna (inv. 19). Istorie în fragmente

Author(s): Ieromonah Dosoftei Dijmărescu,Monah Timotei Tiron / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

The present paper analyzes a Holy Table cover from the patrimony of Putna Monastery. The item is thought to have been made of pieces of princely vestments from the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th. It is made of 65 fragments of different dimensions and three types of Italian brocades. The authors argue that at least some of the fragments of textile come from an older Holy Table cover, probably from the time of Stephen the Great. Two hypotheses are proposed for the moment of reshaping to its present form: either the consecration of the altar (1655) officiated after the monastery church was rebuilt during the reigns of Vasile Lupu and Gheorghe Ștefan, or sometime during the thorough renovation works made by Metropolitan Jacob of Putna (1755–1772).

Европейските провинции на Османската империя през XVI–XVII век в най-новите трудове на унгарски и български историци (1985–1996) (Опит за сравнителен анализ)

Author(s): Elena Grozdanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1997

The brief parallel survey of the studies during the last decade into the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th – 17th c. in historiography permits the drawing of some most general conclusions. The large number of scholarly studies and their indubitable scientific merits continue to uphold the high prestige of Bulgarian and Hungarian science in the field of Ottoman research, built up and consolidated already in the preceding decades, noticeable and fully understandable is the preference of the preference of the researchers for their native history during the Ottoman period, examined within the natural ethnic boundaries of the Hungarian and Bulgarian lands respectively. Problems of the political, economic and cultural history and also of historical demography are dealt with in harmony. Practically without exception the research is carried out on the basis of abundant newly found source material and contains important factual and conceptual contributions. A drawing closer of the stands of Hungarian and Bulgarian Osmanists emerges in the interpretation of historical events. Some romantic and extreme assessments which retain as their perimeter chiefly more popular publications are being abandoned. Studies by Hungarian and Bulgarian Osmanists ever more often are present in thematic collections and other publications brought out in Germany, Great Britain, France, Austria, Russia, Turkey and elsewhere. One should regret, however, that the Bulgarian and Hungarian historians, with very few exceptions, do not know each other as authors. If this historiographic survey stimulates at least to some degree greater mutual scientific interest, it could considered that it has realized, though partially, its intention.

Задължения и статут на рударите в българските земи през XV–XIX в.

Author(s): Elena Grozdanova,Stefan Andreev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/1991

The research is made on the basis of Ottoman-Turkish sources from the oriental section of the People’s library “Sv. Sv. Cyril and Methodius” in Sofia, the History Archive of Macedonia, seated in Thessalonika, some Turkish archives in Instanbul, the collection of microfilms of the State Archive in Budapest etc., and includes the main ore-mining centres in the Central and the East part of the Balkan peninsula with an accent on the Bulgarian lands. The chronological frames coincide with the period of the Ottoman rule. The obligations of the different categories people, directly involved in the ore-mining and metallurgy and in the service sphere (madehci, küreci, kömurcü) are traced. It is found out that regardless of some local differences the statute of the directly involved in the ore-mining and metallurgy “privilidged” raja is characterized mainly with the following peculiarities: 1) because of their obligations they are free from taxes and duties, and mostly from the category of the extraordinary ones (avariz-i divaniye ve tekâlif-i örfiye) and exceptionally rare from the pay-tax djzizie (cizye); 2) some of the taxes are payed on a small scale; 3) in the first centuries they are free from blood tax (devsirme); 4) minimal payment of their labour at places; 5) they are free from obligations of other sources of economic activity, regulated analogically from the Ottoman state (for example they do not participate in the obtaining of salt, which is entrusted to the so-called solari (tuzcu)). Some violations in the statute officially provided for the. Ore-miners as compensation for their labour are also pointed out.

Przynależność metropolitalna diecezji łuckiej w okresie nowożytnym

Author(s): Bogumił Szady / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article is a voice in a discussion among historians on the issue of the administrative affiliation of the Diocese of Łuck in the Modern Era. Drawing on the primary sources from the late Middle Ages and the modern period, we can find the roots of the complex formal-legal situation of the Lutsk diocese. Equally crucial are the various sources on the authority of the archbishops of Gniezno over the diocese of Lutsk. Since the 15th c. when the office of a Primate was established, the archbishops of Gniezno had also ruled over the Lviv ecclesiastical province (Pol. Metropolia) and since then it had been difficult to clearly state what powers the archbishop of Gniezno held over Lviv suffragan dioceses, particularly, which rights stemmed from the role of a Primate and which from the affiliation to the ecclesiastical province. Combining the two legal roles is best illustrated by the fact that the Gniezno Provincial Synods were tantamount with Primate and Country Synods, the decrees of which were implemented in both Gniezno and Lviv ecclesiastical provinces. Also, the court procedures since the beginning of the 16th c., granted the Primate a right to rule over the suffragan dioceses in the first instance. The author stands on a position that due to lack of Papal document granting the jurisdiction over Łuck diocese to Gniezno ecclesiastical province, it remained a Lviv’s suffragan diocese throughout the entire Modern Era.

Džamije u Gornjem i Srednjem Polimlju podignute u vrijeme osmanske vlasti

Author(s): Nada Tomović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2022

The aim of this paper is to show how and why the Ottoman Empire built so many mosques in a geographically small area of Upper and Middle Polimlje (today 's Montenegro). In this area, mosques where built since the Ottoman occupation in the middle of 15th century to the end of Ottoman rule. This area was of exceptional strategic importance for the Ottomans, especially in the 17th and 18th century. Thus, a large number of mosques were built during this period and new urban settlements arose around them. Although those were mostly smaller mosques, some of them were built by the sultans. The Ottomans ruled this area from 1455 to 1912. We have data on the construction of the first mosques shortly after the area fell under the Ottomans. In the beginning, the mosques were built in fortifications for the needs of the army. With the establishment of new towns, the mosques were built for the needs of the rest of the population. We can follow the construction of mosques in this area through the change of the ethnic structure of the population. The establishment of Ottoman rule changed the ethnic and religious structure of the population. This is common for all towns in the Balkans under the Ottoman rule, including those in today's Montenegro. There are huge differences in the structure of the population at the beginning and end of the Ottoman rule. The ethnic structure of squares and towns at the time of the establishment of Ottoman rule corresponded to the structure of the population of the surrounding villages and even wider regions. Today 's area of Middle and Upper Polimlje was inhabited by the Orthodox population before the arrival of Ottomans, which is confirmed by domestic and foreign sources. With the arrival of Ottoman Empire, Muslims appeared more and more often in squares and towns and in time they grew into the mafority of the population in the area of Upper and Middle Polimlje. In the beginning, they were soldiers, officials, clergy, craftsmen, merchants and others, and later, increasingly, the local the spread of Islam element. The spread of Islam of the Christian population began with the establishment of Ottoman rule. It was more intensive since the 1530s and especially in the second half of the 16th century. Mass the spread of Islam in Montenegrin towns was completed by the middle of the 17th century. Change of the religious structure of the population of Upper and Middle Polimlje did not take place with the same intensity and at the same time. That depended on a number of factors, so the results were different. Bihor received an Islamic garrison at the time of its conquest in 1455, so it developed as a Muslim settlement from the beginning of Ottoman rule. The local population in and around the town was also affected by the spread of Islam. The construction of Gusinje and Plav as military strongholds and the seat of the Ottoman administration led to major changes in the structure of local population. Muslims came to these places and then Muslim cultural and religious institutions were built. The spread of Islam of the local population began as well, which was Orthodox in the Plav nahiye until the end of the 16th century. This process, as well as the emigration of part of Christians, completely changed the religious structure of the population during the 17th century, not only in those two places but also in the surrounding villages. The increase of the Muslim population in the whole area of Polimlje came especially after the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), when a large Muslim population came to these areas from the territories which were no longer under the Ottoman rule. In the J 680s, the Ottoman government managed to quell many uprisings in this area, which influenced many Christians to leave the area. By the middle of the 18th century, the Muslim population became dominant in Upper and Middle Polimlje. The increase of Muslim population imposed the construction of religious buildings, ie. mosques. The construction of mosques intensified and followed the growth of the population of the Islamic religion. Since these areas were located on the edges of the Empire, the architecture there was under special and specific influences. The largest number of mosques built during the Ottoman rule in this area were mosques with a hipped roof, built of wood or a combination of wood and brick. This type of construction must be connected with the geographical specifics of the area. Mosques with domes were also built, but not often. They were made of stone or less often of stone and brick. This paper attempts to give an overview of the construction of mosques during the Ottoman rule in Upper and Middle Polimlje, their architectural characteristics and who were their founders, but also to give a critical observation at how religious intolerance, political circumstances and social negligence contributed to the devastation or complete destruction of many of these cultural treasures.

P. Kosek. Spojovací prostředky v češtině období baroka

Author(s): Margarita Mladenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2005

Review of: P. Kosek. Spojovací prostředky v češtině období baroka. Spisy filozofické fakulty Ostravské univerzity 147. Ostrava, 2003. 180 p.

ŽENSKO PISMO

Author(s): Lejla Nakaš / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 95-96/2021

Svečan povod pisanju ovog teksta obvezuje me da se na prvom mjestu pred čitateljima još jednom zahvalim profesoru i istaknutom intelektualcu Ivi Bancu. Kada smo u Forumu Bosna objavili Antologiju koja predstavlja izbor ćirilične korespondencije iz 16. i 17. stoljeća, tom je prilikom profesor Banac napisao pohvalan predgovor za nastojanja autora, prevodioca, izdavača i urednika da se široj čitalačkoj publici učine dostupnim povijesni izvori koji govore o prilikama običnih ljudi u Bosni i Hrvatskoj u tom razdoblju, u vidu korespondencije koju državni činovnici vode na jeziku koji je objema stranama razumljiv, na pismu koje im je bilo zajedničko u srednjovjekovnom razdoblju, a u ime dvaju carstava u kojima i taj jezik i to pismo predstavljaju tek drugorazrednu diplomatsku aktivnost.

‘ADLÎ HÜSAM ÇELEBİ’NİN MOSTAR MANZUMESİ

Author(s): Eda Tok / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

Historian Muvakkit Salih Sıdkı is one of the most important people in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most important work of Salih Sıdkı is Târih-i Bosna, which he wrote in Turkish. This work, contains information about history of Bosnia between the years 1414-1878. Volume I of this work includes the verse letter about the city of Mostar, written by Hüsam Çelebi, a poet from Mostar known by his pen name Adlî. In this work, aforementioned poem will be provided in transcribed form and by the interpretation of the poem, depiction of Mostar in the time period will be tried to be portrayed from the point of view of the poet.

Mieczysław J ó z e f c z y k: Z dziejów religijnych Pomezanii w XVII wieku, tom I: Synteza dziejów, Malbork 2012, ss. 404; tom II: Źródła do dziejów XVII-wiecznej Pomezanii, Malbork 2013, ss. 501,

Author(s): Wojciech Zawadzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2014