Протестанты в царской России и их правовой статус

Author(s): Marzanna Kuczyńska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2016

The paper briefly presents the history of Protestantism in Russia (16th–19th century) and the legalstatus of Protestant communities. An emphasis is placed on participation of the state and the individual tsars in increasing their number, as well as on the legal acts issued for them over the centuries. The article draws attention to the dependence of the right to freedom of religion, whichthey had in Russia, on their economic usefulness. It highlights the authorities’ interference in thefunctioning of Protestant Church as well as state protection of the prevailing faith – the OrthodoxChristianity – despite numerous religious and economic privileges granted to the Protestants.

Die „Löwengrube“ in Hermannstadt Bericht über eine archäologische Rettungsgrabung

Author(s): Petre Beşliu / Language(s): German Issue: _/2014

1934 hielt Emil Sigerus ein wenig erfreuliches Ereignis in der Baugeschichte von Hermannstadt fest: „Seit Monaten wird in Hermannstadt daran gearbeitet, einen alten Häuserblock zwischen der Enten- und Pempflingergasse abzutragen, um Raum zu einem neuen Marktplatz und einer neuen Auffahrtstraße zu schaffen. […] Den Mittelpunkt dieser Häusergruppe bilden drei jahrhundertalte Bürgerhäuser, von denen jenes gegen Westen an seiner, der Entengasse zugekehrten Schauseite den Spruch trug: ‘Alle denen, die mich kennen, gebe Gott, was sie mir gönnen. Johann Göllner. Anno 1767.’ Das bemerkenswerteste Haus dieses Häuserblocks ist das mittelste gewesen, schon im achtzehnten Jahrhundert unter dem Namen ‚Die Löwengrube‘ bekannt. […]

Fra Matija Divković – perom za Boga i narod

Author(s): Fra Zdenko Frljić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2016

Skromni bosanski redovnik fra Matija Divković uputio se prije više od četiristo godina tiskati u Veneciji (Mlecima) djela Nauk krstjanski za narod slovinski (1611), poznat kao veliki nauk, te mali Nauk krstjanski smnozijemi stvari duhovnijemi i vele bogoljubnijemi (1616), koji će na katolike u Bosni ostaviti neizbrisiv duhovni trag. Njegova biografija za razliku od djela ipak nam ostaje nepoznata, imamo tek slabe podatke. Franjevci i njihovi samostani u tadašnjoj su Bosni kao dijelu Osmanskoga Carstva bili veza sa zapadnoeuropskom kulturom. Pismenost je bila oskudna i puk nije poznavao latinicu koja je smatrana učenim pismom. Teška životna egzistencija i politička marginaliziranost ponukale su fra Matiju da u svom dušobrižničkom radu priredi novi oblik katekizma poslije Tridentskoga sabora (1545-1563) i približi njegov vjerski sadržaj svome puku. Time je želio svoj puk ohrabriti u vjeri, ali nigdje nije pozvao na mržnju prema turskom okupatoru. Dok su na zapadu bjesnile svađe i vjerski ratovi između katolika i protestanata, u Bosni su kršćani proživljavali drukčiju svakodnevicu. Divkovićeva djela oblikuju identitet i pučku pobožnost katoličkoga naroda, koji je s fratrima imao nadu u bolje sutra.

Funkcje skordatury na przykładzie wybranych utworów ze zbiorów z kościoła św. Anny na Piasku we Wrocławiu (1679–1686)

Author(s): Dominika Stopczańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02 (37)/2018

Scordatura is a tuning of a string instrument, which is different than the standard one. It has been used for both plucked and string instruments since the 16th century and it was quite popular in the Baroque era, espe­cially in the case of violins. Because of their specific tuning – based on the same intervals – it is possible to distinguish two types of violin scordatura. The first one relates to the situation when all strings are tuned up or down in the same interval relations. Such tuning is still based on fifths, but the pitches are different than using standard tuning, so it is called transpose scordatura. In the second one, each string is tuned up or down in differ­ent interval relation, in another direction or even only some of them are tuned in the unusual way. In this case, violin tuning is based on different intervals than fifths, usually on thirds and/or fourths, although sometimes there are three dissimilar intervals (thirds, fourths and fifths). The second type of scordatura was a very popular technique in the Baroque era and its functions were variable. The main of them were allowing to perform figures, which are impossible in standard tuning, especially double-notes and chords (technical aspect), and changing sound qualities of the instru­ment (sound aspect). It does not mean that scordatura was used only to achieve these goals. For example, it was sometimes used to imitate other instrument. There are certain examples of such a usage of this playing technique in the oldest (1679–1686) part of the collection of manuscripts connected with activity of Canonesses Regular of St Augustine in Wrocław (provenance St Anna in Arena). The scordatura can be found there in seven manuscripts, and in four of them it is possible that composers (or com­poser?) tried to assimilate the violin sound and/or technique with other instruments, such as viola, lute or trumpet.

The Cold Water Ordeal (Swimming) in Witchcraft Accusations and Trials in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Sixteenth-Eighteenth Century

Author(s): Jacek Wijaczka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

One of the medieval trials by ordeal, the cold water ordeal, regained popularity in the Early Modern Period and served as an important element in witchcraft trials. Floating on water was seen as a decisive proof of guilt and resulted in the accused being handed over to the torturer. This paper discusses the use of the water ordeal in Poland in the sixteenth–eighteenth century, primarily by municipal courts. Among the issues mentioned in the paper there is also the question of the stage of the trial in which the water ordeal was used and whether the accused were undressed before being subjected to the ordeal.

Demografski i konfesionalni trendovi u srednoj Bosni od početka 17. do sredine 19. stoljeća

Author(s): Aladin Husić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 67/2018

Historical processes lead to significant changes in specific areas and in specific periods of time. This paper focuses on demographic and religious changes that took place in the greater region of Central Bosnia from the beginning of the 17th century until mid-19th century. In terms of territory, the paper focuses on the area of the valley of the River Lašva, with comparison of the processes in a wider context, particularly in terms of territory. The analysis covers almost three centuries and it examines causes, factors and methods that led to the changes. By analysing specific populated areas as well as the region as a whole, the paper establishes the exact time of certain changes, the pace and the reflection of those changes in the field. The corpus includes documents of different origin, from Ottoman as well as church sources. They are not contradictory in terms of basic demographic indicators, and there are no major discrepancies. The level of correspondence between Ottoman sources and those produced by visitors may be deemed very high. On the other hand, interpretation of travel writing and other sources mainly established through oral tradition are rich in free assessment and often shows no correspondence, and such sources cannot sustain critical analysis.

Miasta prywatne w Polsce od XIV wieku do 1772 roku – chronologia lokacji, właściciele, pełnione funkcje

Author(s): Ryszard Szczygieł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 77/2016

Colonisation under German law and the beginnings of the town foundation movement. Foundation programme, phases and stages of the chartering process. Their changes over the following centuries. Cityforming factors. Increase in the number of private towns in the territory of Poland from the 14th until the 18th century – speed of the process, its regional variations, numerical data. Town owners and their importance for the development of the urban network of the country.

Sądownictwo w miastach prywatnych w Polsce XVI–XVIII wieku. Problem odrębności postępowania w sprawach kryminalnych

Author(s): Marian Mikołajczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 77/2016

The paper presents the systemic and legal disparities of private towns. Most emphasis is placed on the differences of criminal proceedings in royal and private townsand on determining whether these disparities were significant enough for the criminal process in private towns to be considered a separate manner of criminal proceeding. In case of the former, the municipal judiciary was often subject to interventions from starosts or other “third-party” entities. A characteristic feature of the legal system of private towns, on the other hand, was the influence of their owners on the municipal judiciary and their participation in each stage of criminal proceedings. The paper also discusses the extent to which the owners interfered with the operation of the municipal legal system.

NEKE SPECIFIČNOSTI ISTORIJE BOSNE POD TURCIMA

Author(s): Avdo Sućeska / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/1968

Among the greatest peculiarities in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Turkish rule belongs the formation of a separate Moslem society in Bosnia from which the Moslem people descends. The author has endeavoured to elucidate the process of coming into existence of this society and how the Moslem people shaped itself, Islamic ideology — regardless of class differences — was tied into a unified whole, and as a whole this Islamic community had separate interests and aspirations. To differentiate from other peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Croats, Srbs, Jews) the Moslem people, as part and parcel of the Moslem Turkish Empire as the whole, was composed of all states, strata and social groups, i. e. feudal landowners (spahije), dependent peasants (raja), free youmanry, tradesmen and merchants, paid soldiers (janjičari) and clergy (ulma). The higher circles of the Moslem community consisted of feudal masters (spahije) of local descent, paid soldiers of local descent (janjičari) and the higher representatives of clergy. The highest representatives of that social stratum constituted the political, state forming, body of the Moslem people (vilajetski ajani). This body became specially prominent in the time of decline and fall of the Turkish empire in the course of the 18th and 19th centuries. More than in previous times they played the decisive role in the political life of the country.

Etničke promene Albanaca u XVII i XVIII stoleću

Author(s): Jašar Redžepagić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/1968

Transformations ethniques et ethnopsychologiques de la population albanaise et de l’autre population sur le territoire de la Turquie européenne sont en général la conséquence de la propagation de l’islam et de la migration de cette population. Aux XVII et X V III siècles les régions épiro-albanaises ont été beaucoup changées, à l’exception de quelques tribus albanaises du nord qui ont fait la résistance. Dans ce travail on a expliqué d'abord le procès de l’islamisation des Albanais et ensuite leurs migrations. Se basant sur les informations des missionnaires catholiques et les autres sources, à l'exemple des Albanais en Monténégro, Albanie du nord, sur la plaine de Kosovo, en Macédoine et ailleurs, l’auteur prouve qu’on ne peut pas accepter l’affirmation que l'islam s'était élargi très lentement dans ces régions jusqu’ au X V III siècle. L’islamisation de la population locale et de l’autre population dans cette région dans la première période, c’est-à-dire au XV et en partie au XVI siècle, tant que l’état turc a été mieux formé, s’était faite sans les méthodes forcées et elle n’a pas été expresive comme c’était le cas au cour de deux siècles suivants. Les représentants de la classe féodale ont accepté les premiers de tous les Albanais catholiques et orthodoxes cette nouvelle foi et cette idéologie et dans certaines régions c'étaient les masses de la population. Les motifs en sont politiques, économiques et réligieux. En acceptant l’islam leur sûreté individuelle a été plus assurée et ils ont été libérés de maints tributs. La désorganisation de l’église et l’ignorance des prêtres ont accéléré en outre la propagation de cette religion parmi les Albanais. Parlant de la valeur de l’islam dans la période de la domination turque, l’auteur signale que la valeur de cette période chez nous a été souvent négligée et qu’on a accentué seulement ses conséquences négatives. Entre outre, étant contraints par l’influence des institutions réli gieuses et par la langue turque, les Albanais islamisés dans les villes ont dû renoncer à leur langue maternelle et par le temps perdre encore quelques caractéristiques de leur nationalité. Il y avait des auteurs qui ont remarqué certaines conséquences positives de la période turque ce que prouvent les faits suivants: au moyen de l’islam on a propagé la culture orientale parmi les différents peuples, surtout parmi les Albanais, les édifices qu’on a construits (hôpitaux, bains, aqueducs, tours de l’horloge, cuisines gratuites, fontaines etc), ont eu l’importance biologique et une grande valeur. Propageant l’islam, à côté des institutions proprement réligieuses, on a -ouvert aussi les écoles turques — medresa et mekteb, qui ont fait ainsi que la littérature en arabe, perse et turc qu'on a eu parmi les Albanais et les autres peuples un certain nombre d’éminents savants et de travailleurs culturels. En analysant le sujet du Coran on a souligné entre outre que les grammairiens, philosophes, juristes, théologiens, éthiques et pédagogues ont puisé le matériel de ce livre religieux de l’islam, qui a été en même temps renseignement fondamentale dans les écoles. On a expliqué certaines sentences sur la morale, l’instruction et l’école et enfin on peut conclure que les sentences didactiques citées ci-dessus, analysées sous l’aspect des sciences pédagogiques contemporaines, sont imbus des défauts suivants: le caractère général des normes morales, leur soumission exclusive aux connaissances morales et aussi l'identification du savoir et de l’éducation morale et les dogmes religieux de l’islam. Dans le deuxième passage de ce travail on parle de l’influence des migrations des Albanais sur leurs transformations ethniques et sur les autres transformations. On a accentué que ces migrations méthanastasiques ont été plus en masse aux XVII et: X V III siècles, mais le fait en est que cette population avait déjà peuplé les différents pays: Grèce, Italie, Roumanie, Bulgarie, Russie, Turquie, Amérique et sur le territoire de la Yougoslavie: Macédoine, Kosovo et Metohija,, Monténégro, Serbie au sens plus étroit, Srem, Istrie et Dalrnatie. On a analysé à part certains pays cités ci-dessus et les migrations des Albanais, commençant par les migrations en Grèce. Il est très intéressant que les Albanais de la Macédoine ont immigré en Grèce déjà aux XIV et XV siècles. Un regard plus détaillé sur les migrations des Albanais dans les régions italiennes Calabre, Sicile et Apulie montre que ce peuple n’a pas commencé à y immigrer après la mort d’Iskander-bey, mais aussi de son vivant et môme avant sa naissance. Il y a de données qui prouvent que les Italo-Albanais s’occupaient des problèmes albanais, ce que prouve aussi une donnée statistique. On parle aussi des Albanais qui ont peuplé les autres pays européens et les pays qui ne sont pas européens et on parle aussi de leurs migrations en Macédoine. Kosovo et Metohija. Serbie au sens plus étroit, Srem, Monténégro, Dalrnatie et Istrie. L’extrait où l’on parie des motifs et des conséquences de la migration des Albanais donne une description complète, sans laquelle on ne pourrait pas comprendre les transformations ethniques de cette population. Les motifs de la migration des Albanais sont hétérogènes et on les range dans les classes suivantes; militaires-historiques, économiques· -politiques, sanitaires, psychologiques-pédagogiques et religieux —. coutumiers. On dit que les moments psychologiques-pédagogiques ont accéléré le procès de migration de ce peuple. Dans ce groupe on peut mettre aussi l’idée de l’avenir, la peur des envahisseurs et la haine pour eux, le motif de certaines familles de prendre exemple des chefs des tribus ou des villages a été souvent un facteur décisif pour les migrations en masse qui on été imbus du sentiment du chagrin à cause de l’abandon du pays natal. Il y faut ajouter qu’on a défendu les écoles et l’enseignement en langue albanaise et qu’il existait une attitude passive de l'état otoman pour l'infériorité de la population albanaise du village. De la même façon on a traité les autres motifs et les conséquences des transformations ethniques des Albanais, qui ont été nombreuses et d’une grande importance. Leurs migrations ont eu une grande valeur sociale, culturelle, de langue etc. Etant en contact avec les autochtones, les Albanais ont eu le rôle du réceptionnaire et du donneur au sens culturel, dont le procès de l’adaptation a dépendu du nombre des immigrés, du temps de la migration, de la distance du pays natal et de la région colonisée, du nombre des autochtones, du niveau économique et culturel de cette population, leur entendement du moral et du degré de l’intérêt pour les immigrés et aussi des qualités du travail, des sentiments sociaux et de l’intérêt des immigrés pour les coutumes des autochtones.

Nekoliko podataka o lingvističkom uticaju Dubrovnika na govor gradova u hercegovačkom zaleđu (XVI— XVIII vijek)

Author(s): Edina Alirejsović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/1978

L’auteur de cette contribution a examiné quelques documents dans les Archives historiques à Dubrovnik se rapportant aux rapports de cette ville et les villes à l’intérieur en Herzégovine. Il est connu que ces rapports ont été intensifs et qu’ils ont laissé leurs traces remarquables dans la langue de ces régions. Ces rapports ont été surtout commerciaux, c’est-à--dire les villes Trebinje, Stolac et Ljubinje ont été situées sur la route connue qui a mené de Dubrovnik jusqu’à Constantinople. Les commerçants de ces villes ont procuré les marchandises à Dubrovnik et inversement. Les médecins de Dubrovnik venaient en Herzégovine, ensuite les Herzégoviniens étaient engagés comme serviteurs, apprentis à Dubrovnik. Les mots, les plus souvents employés, sont les suivants : afermat, avizat, bastat, kastigat, konfin, kredit, oblegati, pasati, užanca. Quelques de ces mots sont aujourd’hui en emploi dans ces régions.

One Medieval Bulgarian Text in Romanian Milieu: Cyril’s Assumption in the Slavonic-Romanian Tradition

Author(s): Boyka Mircheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2018

Cyril’s Assumption is one of the main Slavonic sources for the life and work of Constantine Cyril and Methodius and their disciples. It was probably created in the 13th century on the basis of the Long Life of Constantine Cyril, as there is similarity in the sequence of events related in the two works and a large number of direct text parallels. In the historical fate of this middle-Bulgarian work, one key moment stands out – nearly half of its 13 transcripts – 6 to be precise – are transcribed in Slavonic-Romanian milieu. Two of them were commissioned by the deacon Ilie, the son of Crimcovic of Suceava, and the Suceava metropolitan Anastasius Crimca – two names usually identified as the same person. The transcripts can be dated relatively accurately, which leads to the conclusion that between 1574 and 1629 the copying of Cyril’s Assumption was commissioned twice in the Metropolis of Suceava. Based on the marginal note in transcript 705 from the Library of the Romanian Academy, which mentions the name of Ilie Crimcovic as a clergyman on March 26, 1559, the article again raises the issue of the identification of the two names which according to the author represent two persons who were most likely in a very close relationship, but not identical. The very fact that Cyril’s Assumption was copied by two representatives of a family really important in the history of Romania, within a period of about 30 or 40 years only confirms the significance of this work both for the Bulgarian and the Romanian history and literature.

За книгата: Пенка Данова (съст. и прев.). Джовани Киаромани и неговото пътуване от Виена до Бурса през 1659 г.

Author(s): Rossitsa Gradeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Povijesni razvoj primaljstva, porodništva i ginekologije bjelovarskog kraja

Author(s): Dubravko Habek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2008

The military, and subsequently civic health care had been organised in the Bjelovar area since the mid 18th century, when the town of Bjelovar was founded, the Krajina regiments were inhabited, medical workers employed and the first hospital in Bjelovar opened (1782). The first midwives had been uneducated or self-educated (quack-) midwives, but this situation changed after the formation of the new military town of Bjelovar, when in the town and its surroundings, the midwifery was taken over by experienced and attested professionals. They were qualified for providing complete health care to pregnant and childbearing women, as well as to the newborns and their mothers in the whole territory, i.e. they performed regular child deliveries and a minor number of pathological ones. However, were an obstetrical intervention needed, either a doctor or an obstetrician would be called to perform the child delivery or the childbearing woman sent to hospital, in order for the necessary obstetrical operation (turn; embryotomy; forceps; Caesarean section) to be performed. The first maternity unit was opened at the Vila Marija private sanatorium in the 1930s, whilst the first hospital maternity ward was formed at the beginning of the Second World War. Doctors and obstetricians (magister obstetritiae) had performed pathological child deliveries and obstetrical interventions either at (a childbearing woman’s) home or at hospital. This had been the modus operandi of over 120 military and civic doctors and surgeons, active in Bjelovar during the 18th and 19th centuries, and of the first female obstetrician (at the beginning of the 19th century). Gynaecological operations (operations of malignancies and benign tumours; corrective vaginal operations; abortions on medical indication, etc.) and the Caesarean section started being performed in the early 20th century, when the first surgeon gynaecologists and obstetricians were employed at the hospital. Gynaecology patients, pregnant and childbearing women, as well as the newborns, had initially been admitted to the first and the second old hospital in Bjelovar to the women’s unit of the mixed ward, later to the surgical gynaecology ward (after the opening of the so-called new hospital building in 1924), and following to an independent gynaecology and obstetrics ward. The first residency in gynaecology began in the 1950s. In 1956, a separate gynaecology and obstetrics ward, headed by a surgeon gynaecologist, was formed. In 1958, the first specialist in gynaecology and obstetrics took over the ward, subsequently introducing many new techniques into the gynaecological and obstetrical operational programme, as well as the guiding principle of obstetrics into the delivery room. In the late 1950s, specialists and residents in gynaecology and obstetrics were employed. Consequently, the elevated level of professionalism was directly reflected upon the parameters of vital statistics.

Prusko-­brandenburskie fascynacje islamem

Author(s): Krzysztof Bassara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 676/2019

Historia tatarskich osadników w państwach pruskich wyłamuje się z prostego mitu historii Warmii i Mazur jako czysto polskiej lub niemieckiej. Państwo na wskroś chrześcijańskie budowało swą potęgę dzięki lokalnym atutom współżycia różnorodności etnicznej oraz religijnej.

A palócokról

Author(s): István Majoros / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

The author writes a monograph (Palóc Land) about a strange people, the Palóc, living in the northern part of Hungary and in southern Slovakia. Material poverty and spiritual riches are the main characteristics of the Palóc. They speak a special and interesting dialect. This study is a part of the mentioned monograph. In this study the author presents the meaning of the Palóc and he presents the regions where they live. And he presents also different opinions of these questions.

POLITYKA RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ WOBEC MOSKWY W LATACH 1672–1699

Author(s): Artur Kijas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

A fundamental transformation of the Polish-Russian relationship occurred in the second half of the 17th century. The war begun in 1654 ended in 1667 with the Truce of Andrusovo, when the palatinates of Smolensk, Chernihiv and the Left-Bank Ukraine were ceded to Moscow. Andrusovo represented a major turning point in the Polish-Russian relationship. Not only did the Commonwealth irretrievably lose its eastern lands, but the outcome confirmed the Russian ascendancy in the field of bilateral relations. The danger from the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate to Central and Eastern Europe led to Russia becoming a major member of the anti-Turkish coalition. The issue of an alliance with Russia against Turkey became of particular relevance during the reign of John III Sobieski.

Prijelazi na islam u Bosni i Hercegovini i veze konvertita s njihovom kršćanskom obitelji, od osmanskoga osvajanja do kraja 17. stoljeća

Author(s): Dijana Pinjuh / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 106-107/2019

Na temelju dostupne građe nastoji se sagledati veze konvertita s kršćanskim dijelom obitelji te kako su prijelazi na islam utjecali na živote konvertita i njihovih kršćanskih rođaka. Prihvaćanje druge vjere nije značilo i odbacivanje starih navika i kršćanske tradicije. Bez obzira na promjenu vjerozakona i novih religijskih uzusa koje su morali slijediti, bilo je onih koji su i dalje nastavljali živjeti po kršćanskim običajima. Tome su, velikim dijelom, pridonijele veze konvertita s njihovom kršćanskom obitelji. Razlika u imenu i vjeri nije prekidala obiteljske veze čak ni onda kada su obitelji bile razdvojene.

Justice as the Aim of The Monarch’s Authority: The Evolution of the Idea from Plato to the Close of the Enlightenment

Author(s): Arkadiusz M. Stasiak / Language(s): English Issue: 2SP/2019

The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne 58 (2010), issue 2. The idea of the justice of the authority in the general meaning remains a central topic in Polish political theory. This has resulted in the frequent tackling of this problem, but it has not been reflected in the complexity of the theory. It is even difficult to talk about a theory in the case of the considerations analyzed. They were mostly very superficial mentions of the monarch’s justice, permeated with old-Polish legalism, a legalism reduced to the rule: the king is obliged to observe legal norms and to give priority to the good of those ruled over his own interests. This model determined the deliberations about justice. Most theoreticians could not see the possibility of strengthening the king’s influence on dispensing justice in the country, although there were exceptions to this view and not only among monarchists. Owing to this model in Polish political thought, after the fall of the First Republic of Poland it was easier to accept the idea of justice dispensed by broad bodies representing the community. The model was not even overturned by the instrumental transfer of the idea of natural justice to Poland. It was also not overturned by the doubts expressed by Wybicki about the possibilities of linking justice to the subjects’ happiness and political freedom.

Metryka Litewska jako źródło do badań nad historią Żydów w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim w XVII i XVIII wieku

Author(s): Maria Cieśla / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The article presents the usefulness of the Lithuanian Metrica for the research on the history of Jews in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The study was based on records spanning the period between 1632 and 1764, and an analysis of the books of entries and court registers was made. There is in the Lithuanian Metrica a rich collection of privilege charters issued for Jewish communities of royal towns together with records of numerous lawsuits between Jewish and Christian people before assessory and relational courts. The material gathered could form a basis for research into the legal situation, occupational structure, and conflicts between Jews and Christians.