Z dziejów dominikanek klasztoru św. Anny na Starym Mieście w Pradze (1293–1782)

Author(s): Piotr Stefaniak / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 1/2018

The most renowned female monastery in Prague Old Town had belonged to the nuns of the Order of Preachers (the Dominicans). The convent had been founded in 1293 by the Canon of Wyshehrad Jan Holý on the right bank of the Vltava River in Újezd. After the dissolution of the Order of Knights of the Temple in 1312, their seat in the Old Town by the Rotunda of St Lawrence was transferred on 9th July 1313 for 130 stags of cents to the Dominican nuns of Prague. Shortly afterwards, on the site of a former commandery, a marvelous Gothic monastery with the large Church of St Lawrence and St Anna was built. In the Middle Ages the Dominican convent, referred to as Anenský court, became famous as an important spiritual and intellectual center. An example can be the Bible translation into Czech (the so-called Bible of Dresden) done by the Dominican Kolda from Koldice for the prioress Anna Leskoviecka. The Middle Ages were a period of the most remarkable development of the nuns community.During the Hussite Wars, in 1420, the monastery became a grouping place of all the Prague nuns that were forced into Hussite liturgical practices. Moreover, a further economic and spiritual collapse of the community occurred. The revival came only in the 17th century. At that time the nuns adopted the reform proposed by the Council of Trent. In 1676 a process of a thorough reconstruction of the monastery begun, resulting in its new baroque architectural form. Concurrently, the community was increasing gradually and in 1710 it consisted of 60 nuns. Between 1709 and 1712 the only foundation of a new monastery in the convent’s history occurred – in the city of Plzen.The prosperity of the order was undermined by the war between Austria and Prussia. Prague itself, was affected especially by the French-Bavarian occupation of the city between 1741 and 1742. After that, in 1744, Prague was invaded by the Prussians. Numerous tributes collections, goods overtaking and pillages begun. In 1744 the Prussians imposed on the convent a tribute of 25 thousand stags of gold. Since then, the Dominican nuns were struggling with a difficult economic situation. On 21th May 1782, the convent got disbanded by a decree of the emperor Joseph II and 14 nuns (10 choir-nuns and 3 converse) had to leave the monastery.Through the ages, the Dominican Convent of Prague consisted mostly of nuns originating from the social elites: aristocracy, nobility, a participating and wealthy bourgeoisie. It guaranteed its high intellectual level. The nuns in the convent were representative both the German and the Czech world.

Щрихи върху ежедневието на дербентджийското и войнушкото население през XVI–XVII век

Author(s): Krastyo Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The main object of this study is, on the basis of some Ottoman documents, to shed new light on the everyday life of some settlements situated along the busy road from the Ottoman capital city of Istanbul to Central Europe. Some details are given about the daily duties of the Bulgarians who went to work in the Capital’s State Stables or went on a risky journey, following the conquests of the Ottoman army. They are studied on the basis of an unpublished list of voynuks assigned to service. The population of the Christian villages along important roads most often performed derbendji service. Despite their tax privileges, Bulgarians from these villages had a difficult life. They were often disturbed by the presence of Ottoman troops and state officials, who during war, but in peacetime as well, moved along this main road, staying in people’s houses and expecting to be fed and supplied with provisions. The everyday life in the villages of the region of the Balkan Mountains Range and the Sredna gora Mountain, far from the busy roads, was quite different. There the population was engaged in cattle breeding and crafts related to it. In this region there were some very large entirely Bulgarian settlements, which over time became thriving trade and craft centres having the appearance of small towns.

Oświęcim w nowej perspektywie. Recenzja książki: Oświęcim - miasto pogranicza, red. Bożena Czwojdrak, Kazimierz Miroszewski, Piotr Węcowski, t. 1 i 2, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2018.

Author(s): Dorota Żywczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2018

Procesy o czary na pograniczu północno-zachodniej Wielkopolski i Nowej Marchii w czasach wczesnonowożytnych

Author(s): Andrzej Kamieński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2021

The purpose of this article is not only to bring out so far unknown details and correct confabulations, but also to look at the witch-hunt in the New Marchian – Greater Polish borderland through the prism of types of accusations. It will make possible to search for an answer to a question whether the data from the above defined territory were different from the cases cited in the literature of the subject. A significant group of accusations of witchcraft in the period of interest (16th−18th centuries) concerned using magic or sorcery in the interpersonal conflicts, e.g. over property. In the investigated material accusations of spoiling beer and contacts with the devil were also found. Moreover, the reason for a witch-trial became also magic practices for love and those used in the political games.

Relacje podróżnicze z końca XVI i XVII wieku jako pierwsze opisy architektury i sztuki Szczecina

Author(s): Barbara Maria Ochendowska-Grzelak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2021

The purpose of the article is to analyse the reports of the travellers passing by Szczecin in the period from late 16th century and 17th century with regard to the contained descriptions of the objects of architecture and art. Discussed were passages from twelve diaries of travellers from Germany, Poland, Italy, and England. These accounts vary, but also have some elements in common. The majority of peregrinators depicted Szczecin as a rich port town with picturesque location. Most of them described the Renaissance ducal castle as a dominant element among the town buildings. Its descriptions date back to times when it was a residence of the Griffin dynasty, and subsequently, after the dynasty became extinct, when the town was ruled by the Swedes and the rulers of Brandenburg. From among seven Gothic churches in Szczecin most frequently visited were two most prominent and with central location: St. Jacob’s Church and Marian Church. They were appreciated, particularly emphasized was their size as their distinguishing feature. Although there weren’t in the town instances of “contemporary” 17th-century Baroque architecture – perhaps apart from the bourgeois houses – Szczecin was perceived as “beautifully built”. After the Swedes constructed in early 17th century new defensive fortifications, the travelers described the capital of Pomerania as “well protected”. The visitors paid less attention to the mobile objects of art. The most distinguishing of the discussed reports is that of Filip Hainhofer who was a guest of Duke Filip II and hence stayed in the town for the longest time. As the Duke’s art dealer, he was sensitive to the beauty of objects, which can be explained by his profession but also by his personal sensitivity. However, most of the peregrinators displayed “culture of curiosity” with regard to the objects of art. Artifacts were perceived as peculiarities and curious details, aesthetic judgments weren’t too often formulated. An example of this can be the popularity of the epitaph of the Eckstedt spouses in St. Jacob’s Church, most frequently mentioned in the diaries not because of its craftsmanship but for the anecdote connected to it.

The PhytoLex plant name database: results and perspectives

Author(s): Valeria B. Kolosova,Kira I. Kovalenko,Georgy A. Molkov / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

Russian plant names are a semantic group poorly represented in historical dictionaries. During the project “Russian phytonyms in diachronic aspect (11th– 17th c.)” (2017–2020), the PhytoLex database was created, which contains plant names recorded in Russian texts of the 11th–17th centuries. The population of the database was accompanied by research work devoted to various issues relating to the representation of plant names in the Russian language in general, and in particular in relation to some specific genres: herbals, documents of the Apothecary Chancery, business documents, church literature and lexicons. Some earlier unknown plant names were identified. These database materials will be the basis for the dictionary of Old Russian plant names, draft word entries for which have been compiled. Technical solutions will be used during the creation of a further database representing plant names recorded in later periods of the Russian language.

JEDAN SUDBONOSNI VIJEK U POVIJEST I HRVATA KATOLIKA BOSNE

Author(s): Krunoslav Draganović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 32/2021

Odavno me zanimalo pitanje, kako su današnja Bosna i Hercegovina, ili kratko rečeno Bosna, isprva posve, kasnije znatnim dijelom katoličke zemlje, izgubile svoj katolički karakter. To je pitanje još do danas ostalo u mnogim pojedinostima nerazjašnjeno. Nije dosta upirati prstom samo na izvjesne krupne činjenice kao na pr. na pojavu patarenske „Bosanske crkve“, islamizaciju naroda i doseljenje pravoslavnih masa u mnoge bosanske krajeve. Ni jedan od ta dva važna historijska fakta nije još dovoljno, a kamo li potpuno osvijetljen. Ali ni sve tri te činjenice zajedno još ne mogu da u cijelosti objasne nazadovanje katolicizma u Bosni; pogotovo ne mogu, ako se na pr. islamizacija, koja je laganim tempom trajala više stoljeća, svede tek na jedno kraće historijsko razdoblje na pr. od prvoga pada izvjesnih dijelova Bosne u turske ruke do vremena Gazi Husrevbega.

BARNETT, LYDIA. AFTER THE FLOOD. IMAGING THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE

Author(s): Nikola Ostojčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

Review of: Nikola OSTOJČIĆ - BARNETT, LYDIA. AFTER THE FLOOD. IMAGINIG THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE. BALTIMORE: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2019., 250.

VINO I VINOGRADARSTVO U POVIJESTI SLAVONIJE, SRIJEMA I BARANJE - ZBORNIK RADOVA ZNANSTVENOG SKUPA S MEĐUNARODNIM SUDJELOVANJEM

Author(s): Hrvoje Pavić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

Review of: Hrvoje Pavić - Vino I vinogradarstvo u povijesti Slavonije, Srijema I Baranje - Zbornik radova znanstvenog skupa s međunarodnim sudjelovanjem (…), Slavonski Brod – Erdut, 2020., uredio Milan Vrbanus, 632 stranice

DAGOMAR DEGROOT, THE FRIGID GOLDEN AGE: CLIMATE CHANGE, THE LITTLE ICE AGE, AND THE DUTCH REPUBLIC, 1560–1720

Author(s): Adrian FILČIĆ / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

Review of: Adrian FILČIĆ - DAGOMAR DEGROOT, THE FRIGID GOLDEN AGE: CLIMATE CHANGE, THE LITTLE ICE AGE, AND THE DUTCH REPUBLIC, 1560–1720, CAMBRIDGE: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2019. 364. STR.

Emil Lupu, Ctitori şi ctitorii la Curbura Carpaţilor în veacurile XIV-XVIII

Author(s): Adrian Constantin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLVI/2017

Review of: Emil Lupu, Ctitori şi ctitorii la Curbura Carpaţilor în veacurile XIV-XVIII (Bibliotheca archaeologica moldaviae XVI), Academia română – Filiala iaşi, Institutul de arheologie, editura doxologia, 2011, 381 p., listă planşe 52, listă fotografii 76

Olelkovicii: istorie şi destin

Author(s): Mihail Anatolii Ciobanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLV/2016

For a long period of time, The Olelkovich family lead the fate of orthodox Christians from Lithuania.This family, had a strong connection with their residence town Slutsk, but also with Kiev because the last prince from this town was Simeon Olelkovich in 1454-1471. He rebuiled most of Kiev's churches, he got himself involved in different cultural activities, and on top of all that, he made sure to keep an independent politics as long as he was in charge. Sofia Olelkovich was the last representative of this branch of the widely extended family of Olelkovich. She died in 1612.

Jeruzalemski hodočasnici s Iberskoga poluotoka u hrvatskim krajevima (1400. – 1650.)

Author(s): Krešimir Kužić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 61/2021

Pilgrims from the Iberian Peninsula, from the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal, were an indispensable part of European pilgrimages from Venice to Palestine from the very beginning of travels to the Holy Land (a total of 85 persons have been recorded from the lands of the Spanish Crown and 68 of those have been identified; 60 of them came from Portugal, 32 of them known by name). This is evidenced by Venetian state and chronicler records, but above all by the relatively numerous travelogues (6 Spanish and 3 Portuguese authors have been analyzed). Motivated by deep and sincere religious feelings, of which one finds confirmation in their writings as well as in general biographies, they set out from all parts of their countries on this expensive, tiresome, and too often perilous sea voyage. Very similar to the German or French pilgrims, they came from all walks of life, but persons from ecclesiastical circles prevailed from the mid-16th century. Somewhat surprising is the large number of women, which generally differs from the situation in other ethnic groups. Due to their choice of Venice as the port of departure, they had to sail along the Croatian Adriatic coast. Some, however, used new geographical discoveries and came to Jerusalem from the east, visiting the Adriatic cities only on their return. Depending on the type of vessel (galley or one of the proper sailing ships – cocca, nave, or galleon) and the official or business tasks of the ship owner, they docked in various ports from Poreč to Dubrovnik. And while members of the nobility recorded secular curiosities, with a noticeable liking for “miracles”, the clergy placed considerable emphasis on the religious situation. In this respect, what united them was their surprise at the encounter with Glagolitic liturgy (the question is what impressed them more – the Mass in Zadar or the singing in Jerusalem). St Jerome was recognized as a strong link between his native Dalmatia and the distant Iberian lands. The political reality was quite astutely perceived and the pilgrims knew about all various changes – the attitude of Dubrovnik towards the Holy Roman Empire, the Venetian territories from Istria to Boka, and the intolerance between Venice and the Dubrovnik Republic – but the political Croatia escaped their observations.

Elvira Šarić Kostić, Mletački kaštel u Splitu

Author(s): Lovorka Čoralić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 61/2021

Review of: Lovorka Čoralić - Elvira Šarić Kostić, Mletački kaštel u Splitu, Split: Muzej grada Splita, 2021, 238 stranica

Câteva probleme asupra toleranţei şi intoleranţei religioase în Ţara Moldovei

Author(s): David Cătălin-Valentin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2013

Middle Ages was par excellence the religious man's age, the individual relating to the religious community to which he belonged. Relations between different faith communities in a state were governed by political power in the interests of time. In case of Moldavia, the Reign defeated the Orthodox Church of a majority, establishing tolerance relations between subjects of different religions/confessionals. In the sixteenth century, following changes in perception, the high clergy could influence an intolerant attitude towards non-Orthodox.

DESCOPERIRILE ARHEOLOGICE DE LA TG. TROTUŞ DIN ANII 1983-1986

Author(s): Al. Artimon / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XVIII-XIX/1987

Dans cet article l’auteur se rapporte aux recherches archéologiques éffectués la Tg. Trotuş en période des années 1983—1986. A cette ocasion ont été decouvertes 11 d'habitations, 6 four d'usage courant et 11 fosses ménagères.

Hrvatski prinosi protestantizmu i katoličkoj duhovnoj obnovi s osobitim osvrtom na djelatnost kardinala Jurja Draškovića

Author(s): Đuro Franković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

Cardinal Juraj II. Drašković was among the first to play a key part in the Catholic renewal of Croatia and Ugarska that began with the Primate Antun Vrančić and the Archbishop and royal vicar Miklos Telegdij. It took an astounding amount of wisdom and tact for the Croatian son, the Bishop of Pecs, Zagreb and Đur and the Archbishop of Kalač and Cardinal Drašković to strengthen the Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Ugarska and Croatian lands. It was the proper moment for preventing the advancement of Protestantism. Drašković was among the first to enforce Church reform in the spirit of the Council of Trident and took measures, as the Bishop of Pecs (but also as the Bishop of Zagreb and the Ban of Croatia and the later Bishop of Đur), to stop further advancement of the Reformation by simultaneously founding school institutions and starting up and strengthening the education of ministers in Upper Ugarska i.e. Slovakia today. On the emigration of the Vlach population from Western Papuk, Ravna gora and Psunj as well as neighboring areas by the end of the 16th and the start of the 17th century. The process of emigration from the area in question at the end of the 16th and the start of the 17th century (with the immigration that followed) created ethnic, language, socio-economic and cultural relations that were the basis of the following spatial organization and structuring of the populace which is still relevant today. The defeats of Ottoman troops at the border of the Ottoman and Habsburg imperial systems and the lands between the rivers Sava and Drava had more and more effect on the Christians in the Ottoman bordering sanjaks. The Vlach population of the Pakrac and Cerna sanjak, especially, started to organize themselves and cross over to the Habsburg side in a greater number at the end of the 16th century. That should be specially observed in the context of the „long war” (circa 1591 – 1606). This article only provides some basic information which illustrates the emigration of Vlach Serbian Orthodox populace from Western Papuk, Ravna gora and Psunj, as well as the neighboring areas, at the end of the 16th and the beginning of 17th century to the lands of Croatia-Slavonia Vojna Krajina.

WHAT IS HIDDEN UNDERNEATH THE BLACK AND BROWN ON SILESIAN GLASSWARE? ABOUT THE ARCHAEOMETRIC CHALLENGE IN THE STUDY OF PAINTED DECORATIONS ON LATE-MEDIEVAL AND POST-MEDIEVAL FINDS FROM WROCŁAW, SW OF POLAND

Author(s): Beata Miazga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

At the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the post-medieval period, painted glass vessels were not uncommon and are found during archaeological excavations, especially in urban sites. In the first quarter of the 21st century in Wrocław, a considerable collection of painted glassware was obtained during excavations: some of these artefacts were characterised by multicoloured painted decorations, while others seemed to be made using a modest colour palette, mainly brown and black. It was decided to take a closer look at the latter vessels and establish the cause of such differences. For this purpose, non-destructive and minimally invasive analytical tools were employed, commonly used to study archaeological artefacts, such as microscopic observations in visible light (OM), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) or scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS). In the course of archaeometric research, the results confirmed the assumptions about the significant contamination of painted decorations by mineral substances, especially iron and sulphur. The deposition of these elements on the surface of paint caused a permanent change in the colour of decorations on glass vessels.

CERCETĂRILE ARHEOLOGICE DE LA TG. TROTUŞ DIN ANII 1987-1989

Author(s): Alexandru Artimon / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XX/1989

Dans cet article l’auteur se rapporte aux recherches archéologiques effectues la Tg. Trotuş en periode des années 1987—1989...

EVOLUŢIA LOCALITĂŢII TÎRGU OCNA ÎN EVUL MEDIU (PINĂ LA MIJLOCUL SECOLULUI AL XVIII-LEA)

Author(s): Corneliu Stoica / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXI/1990

C est pour la première fois qu'on essaie, basés sur un vaste matériel documentaire, de préciser les commencements de la localité de Tîrgu Ocna, qui remontent a la première décennie du XV-ème siècle...