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The unique feature of the nomadic burial from the Shumaevski II burial ground is the presence of mercury. The paper deals with certain controversial conjectures and proposes counterarguments regarding the employment of mercury in the burial ritual. Special attention is paid to textile remains and their correspondence with the burial inventory and ritual complex.
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The article is devoted to the introduction of a new finding: a silver dirham of the Golden Horde period from the burial near Cheben’ki village, Orenburg Oblast. The coin is dated to 739—740 AH (1338—1340) and is attributed to the reign of Uzbek Khan. The finding is compared to the existing analogies and is considered among other materials prepared for the mapping of dirhams found in burials located in the Cis-Ural steppes. The finds of coins in burials of this region confirm its close contacts with the Lower Volga area and Central Asia in the Golden Horde period.
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The article characterizes topography of the Golden-Horde Bagaevka settlement situated in Saratov region of Saratov oblast. The settlement used to belong to the Golden-Horde Ukek city district and existed in the second half of the 13th — 14th cc. Special attention is paid to trench I, where the works were conducted in 2002—2003, 2007—2012 and 2014—2015. Problems related to the purpose of the discovered constructions, distribution of separate categories of finds in them, including the numismatic materials (dated in general starting the late 13th c. to 1360/1361 A.D.), the imports and artifacts connected with various ethnic groups’ presence on the site are considered.
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A previously unknown burial ground of the Middle Ages in the Volga Samara region is studied. The analysis of the grave goods from 16 burials allowed their dating by the late 13th to mid-14th century. The funerary rite and the items from the burials find analogies with the Muransky, Barbashinsky, Usinsky burial ground sites excavated in the region, that are associated mainly with the Mordovian groups. The emergence of large Mordovian burial grounds in the Middle Volga region was conditioned by the economic development policy pursued by the Golden Horde administration in the Volga region. The chronological framework of the sites with the Mordva ethno-cultural component studied in the region encompasses the late 13th — mid-14th centuries. Reliable evidence of their existence in the region following the 1360s (the start of the internecine dissention wars known as the “Great Zamyatnya” in the Golden Horde) is absent.
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Archaeozoological data are used to reveal two component features of the life-support system characteristic to the Golden Horde Volga region towns: the supply of products from the nearby agricultural area, and from the nomads migrating throughout vast steppe regions. Sustainability of food deliveries to the Golden Horde urban dwellers had been largely associated with a settled rural neighborhood supplying beef, the major meat resource. Its efficiency had been connected mainly with the natural conditions. The consumption of horse, sheep and pig meat had been determined by economic, social and ethnic factors.
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The article examines proceedings of the 1860—1861 Kuma-Manych expedition that allow specifying the localization of the Gashun-Usta stow in the territory of Stavropol province (guberniya). In 1890, a belt bowl and a belt set were found in the area, dating to the time of Mengu-Timur.The Gashun-Usta site is localized in the vicinity of Basanta village, Arzgirsky district, Stavropol Krai, in the basin of the Chogray River on the north-eastern slopes of the Stavropol Upland.This zone yields plenty of Golden Horde burials. Summer and winter pastures of medieval nomads were located there. Evidence by G. de Rubruk on Bеrke’s encampments can be linked with this territory.
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The paper presents a summary of the anthropological and archaeological materials from cemeteries investigated on the Lower Kuban River. The author concludes that a multiethnic population emerged there in the 13th—14th cc. AD. Its core was apparently formed by the Alans, Bulgars, Zygians, with participation of the settled Polovtsians. The anthropological material points to metisation of population, which is confirmed by the archaeological data, namely, mixed and unified character of the material and spiritual culture formed on the basis of different ethnic groups.
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This work is focused on the internal specificity of the “Zhelezodorozhnoe-1” settlement in the Krymsk District of Krasnodar Krai. Together with two other synchronous Golden Horde sites, it is considered a consolidated economic center. Compared to the other large-scale sites, such as “Zhukova” settlement and Angelinsky Yerik, or “Shakhrak city”, after I.V. Volkov, these objects adjoin the periphery of the large “Copario area” (after I.V. Volkov, located in the area ranging from Golubitskaya village to Chyorny Yerik farmstead). In the context of the sources, these facts allow raising the problem related to the possibility of participation of the settlements in question in the exports of grain to Caffa, where from it was reexported to Europe.
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The article offers information about the Majar hillfort — the remains of the largest Golden Horde city in the North Caucasus, which is contained in the travel notes, letters, memoirs and other kind of records and drawings by foreign travelers of the 18th—19th centuries. They were: S. Turkay, an emigrant from Hungary; Ferrand, a French doctor; nobleman Aubrey de la Motret, a French traveler; Jan Potocky, researcher of the Caucasus, a descendant of the Polish magnates, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Adele Hommaire de Hell, a French writer and traveler, member of the French Geographical Society. These sources have not been translated into Russian and remain little known to researchers.
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The early history of the Principality of Theodoro and its capital city — Mangup, is relatively little known and serves as a subject of debate. The main problem is the lack of the Mangup cultural layer related to the period, as it was destroyed by a large-scale construction in the 20—30s of the 15th century Finds dated to the 14th century are met in redeposited state only. However, there are artifacts, and epigraphy data making it possible to suggest that in the 14th century the Principality was under the protectorate of the Golden Horde, Mangup being managed by the administration, appointed by the Golden Horde Crimean Ulus authorities. The report may be considered as the formulation of the scientific problem requiring serious special consideration.
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An anniversary publication for the renowned medieval historian Professor Roman Michałowski. The articles collected in the volume address the widely understood issues of medieval political and religious culture as well as the history of the Church in that period. Their authors, experts on the Middle Ages, come from Poland and from abroad and are not only historians but also archaeologists.
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An anniversary publication for the renowned medieval historian Professor Roman Michałowski. The articles collected in the volume address the widely understood issues of medieval political and religious culture as well as the history of the Church in that period. Their authors, experts on the Middle Ages, come from Poland and from abroad and are not only historians but also archaeologists.
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An anniversary publication for the renowned medieval historian Professor Roman Michałowski. The articles collected in the volume address the widely understood issues of medieval political and religious culture as well as the history of the Church in that period. Their authors, experts on the Middle Ages, come from Poland and from abroad and are not only historians but also archaeologists.
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An anniversary publication for the renowned medieval historian Professor Roman Michałowski. The articles collected in the volume address the widely understood issues of medieval political and religious culture as well as the history of the Church in that period. Their authors, experts on the Middle Ages, come from Poland and from abroad and are not only historians but also archaeologists.
More...
An anniversary publication for the renowned medieval historian Professor Roman Michałowski. The articles collected in the volume address the widely understood issues of medieval political and religious culture as well as the history of the Church in that period. Their authors, experts on the Middle Ages, come from Poland and from abroad and are not only historians but also archaeologists.
More...
An anniversary publication for the renowned medieval historian Professor Roman Michałowski. The articles collected in the volume address the widely understood issues of medieval political and religious culture as well as the history of the Church in that period. Their authors, experts on the Middle Ages, come from Poland and from abroad and are not only historians but also archaeologists.
More...
An anniversary publication for the renowned medieval historian Professor Roman Michałowski. The articles collected in the volume address the widely understood issues of medieval political and religious culture as well as the history of the Church in that period. Their authors, experts on the Middle Ages, come from Poland and from abroad and are not only historians but also archaeologists.
More...
A bronze bracelet and a fragment of another bracelet of the same type, found in the Golden Horde settlement of Costeşti (Ialoveni district of the Republic of Moldova), were brought for identification to the National Museum of History of Moldova in the summer of 2015. The items correspond to the band-shaped bracelet type, whose ends do not connect. The ends of both objects are decorated by stylized leonine mask. Their surface is covered by identical Arabic inscriptions separated by an ornament named «the lucky knot»and set reversed to each other. The inscription on the bracelet contains wishes of prosperity, health and luck. All these symbols, considered to have magical functions, could have been interpreted by their wearers as amulets.
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The article adresses a series of pendants of tin and fusible alloy, found during excavations at the stadium “Khimik” (the Tver Kremlin) in 2013. Tin jewelry mainly belong to the urban jewelry collection, which finds analogies in hoards, concealed during the events of 1234—1238. Tin, in relation to the analyzed decorations, is a kind of a ‘simulacre’ of a high status precious metal (silver) and was used to manufacture overall pretty good ‘imitations’ of higher-status types of jewelry.
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While ostensibly a book on veterinary medicine for horses, the highly influential De medicina equorum by Jordanus Rufus (c. 1250), also provides insight into horse care and training practices in the mid-thirteenth century. This paper presents an English translation of Rufus’ work, based on Brigitte Prévot’s analysis of the early fourteenth century Paris BNF, MS Fr. 25341, the first Old French translation of the original Latin. The English translation allows us to compare Rufus’ practices to both ancient and modern horse care techniques, demonstrating both the strong oral tradition of horse care and training techniques, and how little both have changed in nearly 800 years.
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