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Поседи Манастира Дренче и Ждрела у Браничеву из Времена Кнеза Лазара

Author(s): Aleksandar Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 53/2006

In 1382 monk Dorotej and his son Danilo, the founders of monastery Drenča, endowed their foundation with a market place and thirteen villages in the region of Braničevo. The location of nine of these villages can be identified (three are still extant), and two more villages can be approximately located. The market place Kula and five villages in the lower reaches of the Vitovnica river formed a spatially unified group, and the other villages which have been identified were not far from them. The estate lay along or between important communications in the Braničevo region, including a stretch of the main road to Constantinople. In about 1379 Prince Lazar issued a charter to monastery Ždrelo (Gornjak) whereby he endowed it with numerous estates in Braničevo. The charter was preserved in a poor late copy, probably from the eighteenth century, which was destroyed in 1942. It is possible that some portions of the text were interpolated into the charter when it was transcribed. These circumstances make it difficult to interpret the evidence it contains concerning the estates bestowed on the monastery. The monastic landed estate included six villages near the monastery in the valley of the river Mlava, five villages near or on the banks of the Danube, one in the area of Venčanica, two villages in the area of Zvižd, and three in the region of Homolje. In addition to that, the monastery was endowed with two fishing posts on the Danube near modern Donji Milanovac. Although distant from one another, each of these holdings was connected with the other estates and with the monastery by good communications. The paper suggests that a number of toponyms quoted in the charter do not stand for the names of villages, as it was previously supposed, but are microtoponyms used to define village boundaries. Both monasteries lost their property after the Ottoman conquest of Serbia in 1459. A number of their villages passed into the hands of Turkish feudal lords (spahies), and seven villages were abandoned.

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Поселение Посидима в Юго-Восточном Крыму и его керамический комплекс (рубеж XIII—XIV вв.)

Поселение Посидима в Юго-Восточном Крыму и его керамический комплекс (рубеж XIII—XIV вв.)

Author(s): Sergei Gennadievich Bocharov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This article focuses on the complete publication of available to the author pottery materials obtained in the archaeological research on a medieval settlement Posidima in South-Eastern Crimea. Based on written, archaeological and cartographic evidences, the authors offers anattribution of this settlement. Ceramic materials date the studied cultural layers to the last quarter of the 13th — the first quarter of the 14th centuries. The important role of the pottery complex of Possidima is determined by the fact that it clearly illustrates how the Byzantine ceramic complex was replaced by another one, the Golden Horde pottery assemblage, on the turn of the 13th — 14th centuries.

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ПОСЛАНИЦА АНИ ПАЛЕОЛОГИНИ ГРИГОРИЈА ПАЛАМЕ (УЗ ИЗДАЊЕ СРПСКОСЛОВЕНСКОГ ПРЕВОДА ИЗ ЗБОРНИКА 41 МАНАСТИРА СВЕТЕ ТРОЈИЦЕ КОД ПЉЕВАЉА)

ПОСЛАНИЦА АНИ ПАЛЕОЛОГИНИ ГРИГОРИЈА ПАЛАМЕ (УЗ ИЗДАЊЕ СРПСКОСЛОВЕНСКОГ ПРЕВОДА ИЗ ЗБОРНИКА 41 МАНАСТИРА СВЕТЕ ТРОЈИЦЕ КОД ПЉЕВАЉА)

Author(s): Jelica Stojanović,Mikonja Knežević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 56/2019

Теолошки спор око исихазма тијесно је био повезан са политичким дешавањима у Ромејском царству. То је нарочито био случај када је ријеч о његовој другој фази, која се поклопила са грађанским ратом из 1341–1347. године. Сложени сукоб између Григорија Паламе и Григорија Акиндина разријешен је осудом потоњег, а у њега је била укључена и царица Ана Савојска. У циљу подробнијег упознавања са теолошким питањима која су била у игри, она је у једном трeнутку затражила изјашњење од главних протагониста спора. Палама је своје ставове саопштио у виду кратке посланице, у којој се настоји одбранити од оптужбе за „двобоштво“ и показати како је његово разликовање суштаства и енергија у Богу у складу са отачким предањем. У тексту се даје историјска, богословска и филолошка анализа ове Паламине посланице, са посебним освртом на до сада непознати српскословенски препис који је пронађен у манастиру Свете Тројице код Пљеваља. На крају је дат српскословенски превод напоредо са грчким изворником и преводом на савремени српски језик. Упоредна анализа показује да између грчке и српскословенске редакције постоје разлике, што је вјероватно посљедица чињенице да је средњовјековни преводилац имао нешто другачији предложак од оног којим располажемо данас.

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После катастрофы: Киев в 1241 г.
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После катастрофы: Киев в 1241 г.

Author(s): Glib Yu. Ivakin,Oleksii V. Komar / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2016

The authors use archaeological data to examine the stages of inhumations of Kiev inhabitants killed in December 1240 after the seizure of the city by the Mongols. Differences in skeletons preservation and anatomical order in mass graves makes it possible to distinguish four groups of mass burials and four stages of cleaning the city from the bodies. Group I died in fires in buildings directly on the place of burial in December 1240. Group II — full anatomical order of skeletons buried in winter 1240/1241. Group III — incomplete skeletons or partial distortions of anatomical order, buried in the spring of 1241. Group IV — scattered disjointed bones and body parts buried within 5—7 months after their death (in summer 1241).Only a small part of the victims was buried at stages I—II in winter 1240/1241. Whereas most of mass graves contained various distortions in the order and anatomical integrity of skeletons, i. e. the main cleaning activities occurred in the city in the spring and summer of 1241. As a result, the area of Podil (Lower Town) was completely cleared from the dead bodies, while the former center of the city on the Old Kiev Hill turned into a huge graveyard of thousands of people and, therefore, was not used for residential development for a long time.

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Последната война на цар Иван Шишман (1388–1395)
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Последната война на цар Иван Шишман (1388–1395)

Author(s): Nikolaj Ovčarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1996

This article deals with the last years of Tsar Ivan Shishman and the medieval Bulgarian state. The author has launched a view that differs radically from what has been said so far and is based on a critical study of Turkish sources. According to the hypothesis, the Ottoman chroniclers artificially blended events that occurred at a different time. Comparison of Turkish sources and the existing scarce Christian evidence revealed that the event in question was a lengthy war that, with small interruptions, continued from 1388 to 1395. This can provisorily be divided into three periods. Grand Vizier Ali Pasha’s march of 1388–1389 ended with the conquest of the region around Shoumen. Between 1390 and 1393 the conflict was expressed in interminable skirmishes on the border. In 1393 the Turkish sultan marched against Turnovo Bulgaria as a result of Tsar Shishman’s renewed actions in alliance with the Wallachian voyovde, Mircho. The greater part of the country was conquered, leaving the Bulgarian ruler with a small demesne around Nicopol. During the dramatic third stage of the war (between 1393 and 1395) Tsar Shichman made desperate attempts to organise the resistance. Everything ended at the avenue of approach to Nicopol, in June 1395, when Ivan Shishman was captured after an attempt to help Mircho in the decisive battle with the Turks at Rovine.

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Поступление иноземных монет на территорию Юго-Восточной Европы в XIII – первой половине XVII вв.
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Поступление иноземных монет на территорию Юго-Восточной Европы в XIII – первой половине XVII вв.

Author(s): Sergey N. Travkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2002

The article is based on broad material evidence collected by the author from numismatic publications of different countries, and studies peculiarities of penetration of foreign coins into South-Eastern Europe in 13th – early 17th centuries. An analysis of the massive of numismatic data reveals main tendencies in circulation of foreign coins in the region. It shows the desire to supply the market with monetary mass and to get rid of dictatorship of political catastrophes in the financial sector. Besides, the foreign monetary mass was characterized by heterogeneity, periodical change of capacity of different streams and development of use of old coins. The monetary circulation in South-Eastern Europe showed a peculiar dynamic balance of the range of political and financial actors.

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Потрясения в духовной культуре половцев Восточной Европы XIII—XIV вв. (по данным археологии)
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Потрясения в духовной культуре половцев Восточной Европы XIII—XIV вв. (по данным археологии)

Author(s): Maksym V. Kvitnytskyi / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

The paper considers the problem of radical changes in the religious (spiritual) culture of the Cumans populating the Eastern European steppes in the 13th —14th centuries. Using primarily archaeological data, it examines aspects of religious culture before the collision with the Mongols and the evidence of changes that took place after the Cuman conquest. The results indicate the spread of shamanism among the Cumans, which fully confirms the facts known from written accounts. After the collision with the Mongols in the 13th century, the Cumans completely changed their religious worldview by adopting the Western Christianity. Nomadic burial grounds and settlements of the Golden Horde period found in the Eastern European steppes suggest some missionary activities and regular divine servicesamong the nomads, and tell about a massive spread of Christianity. Individual finds of stone sculpture with Christian symbols and images of details of clothing typical of the second half of the 13th —14th centuries point to transitional and adaptational processes from the old beliefs towards Christian ideology. These findings fully align with the conclusions of studies into written accounts.

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Поход Бугарског цара Cамуила на далмацију

Author(s): Tibor Živković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 49/2002

From south-Dalmatian sources, primarily Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea, Chronicles of Dubrovnik and Kotor legend of St. Tripun, it is known that the emperor Samuel had attacked Dioclea, Dalmatian towns of Kotor, Ulcinj and Dubrovnik, and finally attacked Zadar, to return to Bulgaria through Bosnia and Rascia. According to the previous research this campaign was dated in 986, and later, in the latest research, more precisely in 998/999. Analyzing the chapter of the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea, where the Hagiography of Diocleian ruler Vladimir has been preserved, it was concluded that this must had been undertaken couple of years before the death of emperor Samuel. Silence of Iohannes Diaconus, who in his Chronicle often wrote about Dalmatia, regarding Samuels campaign against Dalmatia and Zadar, presents clear sign that the campaign was undertaken after 1008, and the death of Iohanned Diaconus (who died in 1009). Another argument that Samuelís campaign was taken at the time when Dyrrachium was under the Byzantine rule and that was in 1005 according to Lupus Protospatarus, also points to the end of the first decade of the XI century as the time of the campaign. Political circumstances, which led to the campaign, were the following: the Venetians strengthened their positions in Dalmatia in 1000, and put on the throne the ruler of Croatia who was loyal to them. In the year of 1004/1005 the Venetian duke by the marital ties, secured the acknowledgement of his possessions in Dalmatia from Byzantium, which also considerably strengthened Byzantine position in the Adriatic. By the fall of Durrachium under the Byzantine rule in 1005, the Byzantines came in the direct contact with the princedom of Diocleia and thus made connection with their possessions in central Dalmatia. Thus, on the western borders of Samuelís state, there was a strong anti-bulgarian block formed by Venetians, Croatians, Diocleia under the direct control of Byzance. This forced Samuel to attack Diocleia, the towns of the thema of Dyrrachium, as well as Byzantine towns in central Dalmatia. Based on the data from the Hagiography of St Vladimir, preserved in the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea, that ìafter some timeî Bulgarian emperor Samuel had died, the conclusion is that the campaign took place around 1009/1010.

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Праваслаўныя Вялікага Княства Літоўскага ў дыпламатычнай рыторыцы ў канцы XIV- пачатку XVI ст.ст.

Праваслаўныя Вялікага Княства Літоўскага ў дыпламатычнай рыторыцы ў канцы XIV- пачатку XVI ст.ст.

Author(s): Pavel Kotaў / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 6/2021

Article deals with a variety of ways by which Orthodox believers of the GrandDuchy of Lithuania were present in diplomatic rhetoric in the end of the 14thbeginning 16th centuries. After the conversion of the Lithuanians in 1386,Teutonic Order tried to prove that Grand Duchy is not a good Christian countryby pointing to the Orthodox majority in Lithuania. Knights depicted OrthodoxRuthenians as enemies of the Roman church and heretics, who enjoyed thebenevolence of Lithuanian rulers. Polish-Lithuanian side fi rstly also accusedthe knights of favoring Eastern Christians, but later at the Council of Constancein 1414–1418 presented their Orthodox subjects as ones, who are ready toreunite with the Western church. In 1430-s the same tropes were reproducedby diff erent actors. There were Polish representatives, who drew the picture ofthe Orthodox threat in Lithuania in front of the Council of Basel and Teutonicdiplomacy, which assisted grand duke Svidtrigaila in attempts of reunitingOrthodox Ruthenians with Rome. Wars with Moscow in the end of the 16thcentury. brought another dimension in diplomatic rhetoric: the question offreedom of faith for the Ruthenians in Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the ideaof Christian unity in facing the Ottoman threat. The main way to overcome thecontradiction between the religious situation in Grand Duchy of Lithuania andthe western Christian ideal of unity in orthodoxy in diplomatic rhetoric wasthe perspective of achieving this ideal in the near future. On the other side,the confrontation of this situation with similar demands from the East lead tothe articulation of the ideas of freedom of conscience and the importance ofpeace between the two branches of Christianity.

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Правила о черноризцах в Кормчих книгах и сборниках
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Правила о черноризцах в Кормчих книгах и сборниках

Author(s): Galina S. Barankova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

The article is devoted to the “Rules for monks” who are part of the Kormčaya and of Old Russian miscellanies. The earliest copies of the Rules are contained in a miscellany of the late 12th – early 13th century (Russian State Library, collection of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, № 12) and in the Novgorod Kormčaya of 1280 (GIM, Synodal Collection, № 132). The different redactions of the Rules are determined and the general principles according to which the Rules were reworked in the Novgorod Kormčaya are defined. The article also presents the long history of this text in Old Russian miscellanies.

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Правопис српскохрватских ћирилских повеља и писама XII и XIII века

Правопис српскохрватских ћирилских повеља и писама XII и XIII века

Author(s): Darija Gabrić-Bagarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/1982

Review of: Pavle Ivić and Vera Jerković, "Pravopis srpskohrvatskih ćirilskih povelja i pisama XII i XIII veka", Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, Institut za južnoslovenske jezike, Novi Sad, 1981.; by: Darija Gabrić-Bagarić

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ПРАЗЬКИЙ ГРОШ У ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ ЧЕСЬКОЇ НУМІЗМАТИКИ

ПРАЗЬКИЙ ГРОШ У ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ ЧЕСЬКОЇ НУМІЗМАТИКИ

Author(s): Oleksandr Potyl’chak,Vladyslav Herasymenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 5/2021

The aim of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the formation, development and current state of research in Czech numismatics of the XIX - early XXI centuries in the context of coinage, penetration and use of Prague groschen as a means of payment in Central and Eastern Europe in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. The research methodology is outlined by the principles of scientificity, historicism, objectivity, and the main methods used in the study were historiographic analysis and historiographic synthesis, as well as general scientific methods of generalization and systematization. The scientific novelty is determined by the attempt to comprehensively analyze and generalize the historiographical achievements of Czech numismatics in the context of the problem of the participation of Prague money in the circulation of Central and Eastern Europe in the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. The process of formation, development and current state of Czech and Slovak numismatics in the study of chronology and geography of Grossi pragenses penetration into the coin markets of Central and Eastern Europe in the XIV-XV centuries are considered. The authors have singled out periodization of the historiographical process of numismatic research of the outlined problem is formulated and substantiated, the range of issues that need further study and scientific interpretation. Conclusions. The analysis of the historiographical work outlined in the topic of the article allows distinguishing three consecutive periods of numismatic research on the issue of minting and circulation of Prague groschen. The first period of Czech and Slovak historiography of the problem covers the 80's of the XIX - 30's of the XX century. Beginning with sporadic attempts to describe and register the known types of Prague groschen minted by Czech kings from Wenceslas II (1278-1305) to Ferdinand I (1526-1562). At the beginning of the twentieth century, these studies grew into purposeful scientific cataloguing, study, and systematization of metrological indicators of coins, details of their images, legends, and countermarks. Special studies of the preconditions for the preparation and conduct of the monetary reform of Wenceslas II, the rate of coins minted by him, and the peculiarities of the issuance policy of this monarch were begun. At the same time, a description of the stamp versions of Vladislav II's money (1471-1516) was initiated. However, the technical imperfection of the equipment for visual inspection and photo-fixation of numismatic material at that time often caused incomplete or inaccurate data. The second period of numismatic research on our topic covered the 1950s - early 1990s. At this time there is not only an expansion of the study of the history of minting and circulation of Prague groschen but also qualitative changes in the methodology of numismatic research. The stamp varieties and chronology of the issue of Prague groschen, including those minted during the reigns of John of Luxembourg, Wenceslas IV and Charles IV, Wladyslaw II, and Louis I, have been studied. Scholars described and analyzed countermarks (overprinting) on coins, drew attention to the historical and art analysis of the iconography of Prague groschen; the quality of coinage. The third, modern period of development of Czech and Slovak numismatic studies on the history of minting and circulation of Prague groschen began in the first half of the 1990s. This historiographical period differs from the previous ones primarily by the intensive replenishment of the database of numismatic sources on the topic. On the other hand, the study of coinage and circulation of Prague groschen from purely historical or numismatic grow into interdisciplinary, increasingly numismatists, to search or confirm data, use not only relevant methods of numismatics (methods of stamping and comparative analysis, topography of treasures and individual coins). allocation of periods of money circulation, methods of analysis of the composition of coin treasures), complex methods of special historical disciplines, but also modern non-destructive methods of natural sciences (Physico-chemical analysis of coin metal, spectral research, etc.). Technical perfection of modern devices used by scientists for visual inspection and macro photography of coins facilitates complete research. The current stage of research of Czech numismatists in the field of our problem is characterized by a combination of research efforts in the study of some theoretical and applied issues of minting and circulation of Prague groschen. In particular, data on recently discovered treasures of Prague groschen are published, the history of their minting in the archaic period (1300-1385) is studied, and little-known and previously unknown variants of stamps of these coins are studied. The new source base describes the technological and typological features of numerous coinage varieties of Prague groschen of Wenceslas IV (1378-1419) and Ferdinand I (1526-1562), coins are arranged in detail by type and catalogued. A separate area of numismatic research became the issue of counterfeiting Prague groschen.

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Првобитно сликарство Цркве Св. Николе у Челопеку код Тетова
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Првобитно сликарство Цркве Св. Николе у Челопеку код Тетова

Author(s): Smiljka Gabelić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Having come under the scientific spotlight almost half a century ago, the Church of St.Nicholas at the village of Čelopek, westward of Skopje, has remained unpublished up to the present day, with just scanty research so far undertaken (notes 2–4). There are no historical data preserved on the said church that was repaired in the 19th century. The original fresco-paintings of this small, single-nave church include fragments preserved in the pendentives (part of the figures of four evangelists), the apse (Old-Church Slavonic scrolls as fragments of the scene of the Officiating Prelates) and in the second register of the side walls, the reduced programme of major iconographic wholes, the Great Feasts and the Passion Cycle: on the south wall are the Nativity of Christ, the Presentation in the Temple, the Baptism, and the Resurrection of Lazarus and on the north wall — the scene of Christ before Pilate, the Way to Calvary, the Crucifixion of Christ and the Resurrection (fig. 1–6). A couple of scenes are of singular iconography. An interesting conception of the Nativity of Christ — iconographically created by the modification of its model — expresses a powerful parallelism between the birth and the death of Christ (notes 6–27). The fresco abounds with allusions of predominantly poetic inspiration, aiming through the scenes of Christ’s coming, to present in a seemingly paradoxical way, a simultaneous emphasis on His (role and) death (the manger as a stone sarcophagus, the Magi offering myrrh, a shepherd playing the flute alluding to a heavenly hymn, the Angels' adoration, the posture of Joseph reveals rather grief than anxiety, and Christ, in the arms of the chief midwife, wrapped up in a burial shroud, with a dark-colored aureole, who looks like the personification of the soul of a deceased person, not a new-born). The fresco is rather uncommon for its time, since the midwife (the apocryphal Salome) faces Christ in the cave whereby she is deprived of her regular iconographic role (pouring water into the basin). Christ before Pilate (fig. 4, note 32–42) stands out from the other examples for its depiction of the tent in which Pilate sits; the judge’s desk is omitted and the servant, bringing the dish and holding the jug — a boy commonly depicted as a young bareheaded man — wears a pinkish-white cap that is sometimes given to Pilate himself. Two events are combined within the composition the Way to Calvary — an advancing procession with Christ and Simon, carrying the cross, and the one presenting Jesus with the vinegar -the episode that does not belong to a standard iconography of the scene the Way to Calvary (fig. 4, n.43–50). The strange figure, standing before Christ and presenting the vinegar, is of an excessive height and ugly appearance, with a head resembling a bearded angel, probably intended to mark a negative person within the scene i.e. the person being mocked. The Crucifixion of Christ is characterised by the agitated posture of the clustered figures gathering around the Virgin, who has a completely languishing body posture (Fig. 5, notes 51–61). The motif of Mary's accentuated pain in this composition has not been commonly applied; however, it seems it was often used within a certain period, in the middle of the 14th century (Staro Nagor~ino, Pološko, Lesnovo, Marko’s Monastery and Čelopek). The motif complies with the laments of the Holy Mother in Byzantine works of literature, specifically in the liturgical drama of the Passion of Christ; still, it might have originated under the influence of contemporary art pieces in the West. As for the characteristics of style, the frescoes of Čelopek have been directly compared with the works of the so-called Skopje workshop, works of which may be registered in a certain part of the programme in the Lesnovo Monastery (the painter of the pendentives and vaults) and in Marko’s Monastery (the artists that painted the mid-area of the naos and the narthex). The painting of this workshop greatly resembles the work of the artist in the narthex of the De~ani Monastery (the painter of the Calendar, after 1343); it also bears a similarity to the iconography in St. Athanasius at Lešak. Their art constitutes a part of a movement of expressionism in Byzantine painting during the Palaeologan era; the term relates to the style characterized by powerful and intense expressions.

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Предисловие

Предисловие

Author(s): Sergei Gennadievich Bocharov,Ayrat G. Sitdikov / Language(s): English,Russian Publication Year: 0

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Предметы средневекового вооружения из раскопок поселения и могильника Су-Баш-1 в Восточном Крыму
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Предметы средневекового вооружения из раскопок поселения и могильника Су-Баш-1 в Восточном Крыму

Author(s): Anna V. Mastykova,Emil I. Seydaliev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2019

Medieval weapons are published from the excavations of Su-Bash-1 settlement and cemetery in Eastern Crimea, dating back to the time of the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate. Arrowheads for bow and crossbow, battle axe and two maces were found there. Perhaps iron pommel clubs of cubic shape with cut corners belong to kisten (ball attached to a strap). A fragment of the top of a bronze mace could have belonged to a person with a high status, since maces in steppe societies were often symbols of power, the so called ‘insignia’. The finds are considered in the context of the general development of military traditions in the Golden Horde and medieval Eastern Europe.

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Представата за град Видин в средновековната българска книжнина (XI–XIV в.)
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Представата за град Видин в средновековната българска книжнина (XI–XIV в.)

Author(s): Miliyana Kaymakamova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

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Представе светог Климента Охридског у зидном сликарству средњовековне Србије
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Представе светог Климента Охридског у зидном сликарству средњовековне Србије

Author(s): Dragan Vojvodić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Images of St. Kliment of Ohrid seem to have already appeared in the monumental art of medieval Serbia from the first decade of the 14th century. There are more of them than it was thought earlier and they were represented in the churches of the old lands of Rascia as well as in Macedonia. Probably the earliest presentation of St. Kliment of Ohrid in Serbian wall-painting is preserved in the altar of the Church of the Ascension in Žiča. The wall-painting in that part of the church in Žiča, which is marked by certain archaic features of style, should be dated to the time of the Archbishop Jevstatije II, or more precisely, a little before 1309. St. Kliment of Ohrid was also depicted in some of King Milutin's endowments, which were decorated with frescoes by the zographs from his “royal workshop”. It is highly probable that the portrait of the said saint was represented in the programs of our Lady of Ljeviša in Prizren (1309–1313), the King's Church in Studenica, in Gračanica (around 1320) and in Hilandar (1320–1321). In all those churches, presentations were painted of the saintly bishop bearing the name Kliment, with the facial features of the patron of Ohrid. The presentation of St. Kliment in Staro Nagoričane (1316) was painted next to the presentations of St. Constantine Kabasilas and the Serbian archbishop Sava, within the framework of the composition with Officiating bishops. This presentation of Kliment, like those in Žiča, is inscribed with the definition “of Ohrid”. It is much less certain that the holy patron of Ohrid was represented in St. Nicholas ton Orphanon in Thessaloniki. The topographical definition “of Ohrid” also accompanies the images of St. Kliment in some churches of the Serbian donors from the period of the king and emperor Dušan, such as the Bela Crkva (White Church) of Karan (1332–1337), the Virgin Hodegitria in Pe} (until 1337), and Mateič (around 1350). A little later in Psača, the Markov Manastir near Skoplje and Andreaš (St. Andrew's church) on the River Treska, St. Kliment was painted without a topographical definition in the inscription but with all the essential physiognomical features of the patron of Ohrid. It is likely that St. Kliment of Ohrid was also depicted in the Church of St. George in Rečane near Prizren (around 1370), as well as in some other Serbian churches dating from the 14th century. Where 15th century Serbian painting is concerned, it was possible to reliably identify his portrait only in the recently destroyed church of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin in Dolac near Klina (Metohija), dated to around 1450, and in Poganovo (1499).

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ПРЕЗЕНС-ФУТУРУМ В ТРОИЦКОМ СБОРНИКЕ (РГБ, ТР. 12)

Author(s): Oleg Feofanovich Zholobov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

In this article, we investigate the variation forms of the present-future tense in the third person singular and plural, the genesis and the functioning of which is one of the most complex and insufficiently studied problems in historical grammar. For the first time we analyze the zero forms of the present-future tense in the Trinity Miscellany (Troitskii Sbornik) of the 12th – 13th centuries in terms of the categories of the potential mood and the coreference predicativity. We use the linguistic and textological parallels from two early Old Russian manuscripts – the Pandects of Antiochus (11th century) and the selected chapters from the Pandects in the Trinity Miscellany (12th – 13th centuries). We establish that the zero forms appear in multipredicative groups with morphologically homogeneous and functionally correlative predicates.

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Преобразуване на византийския Адрианопол в османския Одрин (ХІV‒ХVІ в.)
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Преобразуване на византийския Адрианопол в османския Одрин (ХІV‒ХVІ в.)

Author(s): Stefan Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

Based on unpublished Ottoman tax registers (tapu tahrir defteri) kept at the Ottoman archives in Istanbul, the article examines the process of transformation of the Byzantine town of Adrianople into the Ottoman Edirne; the change in the architectural and ethnical and confessional layout of the city; the location of a part of the Muslim and Christian population and of the urban quarters inhabited by them; the Jewish communities and the dynamics in the quantitative indicators of the registered households; the condition, designation and functions of the ancient and medieval fortress of Adrianople and the way in which it fitted into the new Ottoman urban setting. Having surrendered voluntarily the fortress of Adrianople to the Ottoman, the Christian population was granted the right to continue to reside in its quarters in its interior. In the 16th century massive communities of Christian citizens inhabited the space among the fortress walls of the Byzantine fortress and the majority of their neighborhoods were situated around churches and bore the name of the respective church, while others were named after their current or former priests. Upon the conquest of the city by the Ottoman troops some of the churches in the fortress were turned into mosques for the purpose of demonstrating the dominant position of Islam and meeting the spiritual needs of the Muslim population. After the takeover of Edirne the Muslim population settled outside the walls of the ancient and medieval fortress, where it set up its neighborhoods. Besides Muslims and Christians many Jews continued to live in the city as well. They included romaniotes as well as Jews from the sepharadim and ashkenazim groups.

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Преподобни Григорије Војловички Синаит

Преподобни Григорије Војловички Синаит

Author(s): Lazar Ljubić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

This text is devoted to venerable Gregory the Sinaite of Vojlovica. The motif for this is hagiologic and it is reflected in the need to explore saintly side of Gregory’s personality, and to remove existing suspicions, all of that in context of his canonisation by the church. Starting with scarce and undisclosed historical sources and facts, that cannot be easily validated, we are going to access archaeological and anthropological way of exploring this topic which will prove to be very vital. We will also bring about collected texts relevant for this topic. The importance of this effort can be seen in its answer to questions asked many times: who is Gregory the Sinaite whose relics (remains) are in Vojlovica? Is he the same Gregory Sinaite whose relics (remains) are in Gornjak? This is a multidisciplinary text which is in its entirety devoted to this topic and it corroborates renewed celebration of God’s benefactor Gregory, which would imply hagiographic, iconographic and hymnographic elements.

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