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SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Monica Angela Bara / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

Elderly people live real dramas because of their exclusion from social and economic life, but mostly because on several occasions they are abandoned in their old age by their own children. Moreover, once they grow older these people start confronting various health problem sand need the help of someone else almost permanently.Thus, they become dependent, experiencing strong feelings of frustration, insecurity,because of lack of control over their own lives, impatience, anger, when the care is in appropriate, guilt towards the caretaker.The activities which have taken place up to the present in favors of elderly people were sporadic and without results, and concerning abandoned, isolated, and sick old people, they were practically inexistent. The elderly has difficulties in maintaining normal living standards because of economic problems which led to the apparition of an aggravating state of poverty among them

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Raport privind impactul digitalizării și al evoluțiilor în domeniul IT asupra drepturilor sociale și a coeziunii sociale (Consiliul Europei, 2022)

Author(s): Andreea Moroianu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

This is an overview of the report prepared by Gaabriel Tavits and Arman Sargsyan for the European Committee for Social Cohesion of the Council of Europe. The report tackles the way in which digitalisation impacts various societal aspects with a special focus on social rights and social cohesion. The aim of the report is to serve as future reference paper in this filed. There are various aspects that need a special focus from the point of view of accessibility and availability of technologies as well as the way in which they shape the future of our societies. It is only natural to adopt new technologies, however, in this era of challenges, whether at the global (climate change) or regional level (armed conflicts), it is essential to ensure the development of inclusive societies, in which all individuals experience the fulfilment of their rights. The European Social Charter provides a framework which sets rights that have to be protected and enforced by states. Since human interactions are changing following digitalisation, the interactions between states and individuals will also have to change and keep up with all developments, while also focusing on aspects such as confidentiality, data protection, education and ensuring equal access for all.

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Volunteers during a crisis in Israel: a case study of spontaneous self-organized volunteer activity

Author(s): Edith Shamir-Tixell / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

In Israel, a large number and a wide range of non-governmental volunteering organizations exist in various fields. At the same time, due to the multiplicity of security incidents and other national crises, there are also numerous independent volunteer initiatives emerging within specific communities, small communities, or cities. Private initiatives that started as small volunteer aid have grown mainly thanks to the technological possibilities that enable the transfer of information about a crisis and the needs associated with it. This study examines the volunteers’ perception of effectiveness in a self-organized spontaneous setting, and their sense of belonging to the community and the State of Israel. This article presents a case study of unorganized, spontaneous volunteer activity in Israel in situations of stress and crisis. The study is based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews with those who engaged in spontaneous self-organized volunteer activity. The study findings show that mobilizing volunteers through WhatsApp messages strengthened the sense of effectiveness in performing the task, fostered the volunteers’ sense of belonging to their community, and contributed to the rapid achievement of the task. The study also highlights the socio-moral dimensions that intensify in such a volunteering process and the individual’s feelings about his place in society and his observation of society’s behaviour in general.

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ÇOCUK EVLERİ KOORDINASYON MERKEZİ GÖREVLİLERİNİN EN SIK KARŞILAŞTIĞI PROBLEMLER VE ÇÖZÜM YAKLAŞIMLARI

Author(s): Abdulkadir KISAKAYA,Hüseyin Hüsnü BAHAR,Sinan Yalçın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 72/2022

In this study, the most common problems faced by the children's home coordination center staff and their solution suggestions were investigated. The research was designed in the qualitative research method. The phenomenology design was used in the research. The data of the study were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. The study group of the research consists of the managers and decision-makers working in the children's home coordination center (CHCC) in a province located in the Southeastern Anatolian Region. There are one institution manager, one social worker and two child development experts in the working group. The data obtained from the research were analyzed by content analysis. According to the results obtained from the research, CHCC center employees stated that the problems they encounter with children are mostly “breaking the rules, trying to escape and behavior problems”. It was concluded that the most common problems they encounter with parents are: the parents have weak emotional bonds with their children, their relationships are not healthy, they comfort children with statements such as “I will take you with me” or use false statements such as “they do not give you to me”; moreover, they want their children to stay in government institutions and become civil servants in the future, and they try to bend the institution’s rules. According to the director of the establishment, it was noted that the most common problems related to financial, administrative and other official issues were mostly due to appropriations and that there was not enough appropriation. It has been concluded that the most common problems related to the physical structure and equipment are that their establishment is an old structure, the equipment is old and insufficient, the number of rooms is low, the necessary activity and meeting areas are not available, and the establishment is quite far from the city center.

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The EU as a norm-maker in resilience and aid delivery: from aid effectiveness to effective cooperation for sustainable development

Author(s): George-Mihael Manea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The European Union (EU) is considered to be a norm-setter in building resilience and aid delivery, acting as a transformative actor in the international development arena (both modus vivendi and modus operandi). As development and resilience can improve the quality of life and well-being in different environments at the global level, it is important to replace disruption and societal vulnerability with effective cooperation mechanisms. Hence, the central aim of this paper is to examine to what extent the motivation to provide aid will place the EU in a favourable position of a norm-maker or, a contrario, as a norm-taker. In this context, this study will also focus on the EU's ambition to move forward with a vision for development as well as with a coherent policy for aid-delivery for less developed countries.

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Perceptions Concerning Social and Healthcare Services among Romanian Older Persons

Author(s): Mihaela Ghenţa,Aniela Matei,Elen-Silvana Bobârnat / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Social exclusion, especially social exclusion in old age, represents an area of interest at European level, in the context of demographic transformations. At national level, studies and research on social exclusion in old age are scarce, although the older population is more likely to be at risk of social exclusion. The article presents the results of a quantitative research methodology based on a questionnaire applied to older people of age 65 years and over. The research was conducted during November - December 2021 and the survey was representative at national level with a margin of error of ±3.5%. The aim of this article is to analyse the perceptions of older persons regarding the access and quality of social and healthcare services accessed, and thus, to gain a better understanding on how these types of services could contribute to social inclusion. Data interpretation was made using techniques of descriptive statistical analysis. Results emphasize that access to social and healthcare services are essential in old age. Perceptions of older persons highlight the need for structural changes at national level, so that social and healthcare services could make a real contribution to reducing social exclusion.

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Social Work and Domestic Violence in Croatia Through a Gendered Lens: Between Power and Precarity

Author(s): Jana Kujundžić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This article examines the gender-blind perception of the social work profession in Croatia and its relation to domestic violence cases. In the past few years, the media and the public have routinely expressed outrage at social workers for not preventing severe cases of violence against women and children. The shift from state socialism to capitalism in Croatian society has considerably affected the profession of social work and facilitated the defunding and understaffing of the welfare sector. I argue that a more nuanced, gendered approach is needed in demanding prevention work from social work centres (SWC). Most studies on the causes of burnout in social workers have ignored the feminisation of the profession and the gendered implication of their precarious professional position and responsibility to protect and help the most vulnerable members of society. The perceptions of social work by other experts working with cases of domestic violence and social workers themselves are important to comprehend a bigger picture of professional judgment and attributions of blame. In-depth interviews were conducted with experts working with domestic violence, including the police, judges, prosecutors, social workers, feminist NGO coordinators, and women’s shelter workers. The feminisation of social work and systemic undervaluing of care work contribute to the easy targeting of social workers while leaving the patriarchal institutionalisation unexplored. For this reason, I conclude that social workers would benefit from class and gender solidary with their clients to fight patriarchal biases.

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Modely financování dlouhodobé péče

Author(s): Jaroslav Vostatek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2020

The study analyses long-term care (LTC) financing systems in selected OECD countries and addresses the connection thereof with LTC, especially with respect to health care systems. The author concludes that the conservative (ChristianDemocratic) social model is not a promising model in this respect due, particularly, to the clear tendency towards the provision of universal health care. Experience shows that the liberal social model also presents problems due to trying to finance the LTC on the basis of a distinctive social assistance. The neoliberal social model declares a maximum liberalism and concurrently substantial state interventions, leading to a comparatively higher growth of health care and LTC care costs. Hence, the social democratic model seems to the author to provide the best foundation of the various systems available; the public politics declare here the civic right to a quality LTC, these politics do not fully exclude an economisation or even a partial privatization.

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Téma sociálně vyloučených lokalit z perspektivy lokálních politických aktérů

Author(s): Jan Vašat,Nikola Blahoutová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2020

The article addresses the approach of local political representatives concerning the topic of socially-excluded areas. The research was conducted in the town of Krupka in the Ústí region of the Czech Republic that is severely affected by the issue of social exclusion. The aim objective of the article is to determine the answer to the question „What is the approach adopted by local political actors towards the issue of social exclusion (specifically in the socially-excluded area) in the municipality?“ The qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with political representatives in Krupka supplemented by the analysis of documentation related to this theme. The answers provided in the research interviews with political actors were sceptical with concern to potential improvements in the socially-excluded areas of the town of Krupka. Respondents generally perceived the situation as ethnically polarised and unknowingly tended not to make much of a distinction between the town’s Roma citizens.

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Návrat služebnictva

Author(s): Jan Keller / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2020

Review of the book Clément Carbonnier − Nathalie Morel: Le retour des domestiques. Paris: Seuil, 2018, ISBN-10: 2021399044, ISBN-13: 978- 2021399042 The review considers a book by French authors devoted to the social and economic context of the development of domestic services in French households. Jan Keller presents a number of critical findings: domestic services exacerbate inequalities between women and comprise precarious work with greatly reduced circumstances in terms of employment protection and occupational safety. He further asserts that tax support provided in France to households that can afford to employ servants exacerbates social inequalities.

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Analýza vývoje legislativního rámce podpory návratu lidí bez domova do bydlení

Author(s): Martin Potůček,Radovan Svoboda / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2020

The article responds to the question of how Czech public policy and the respective administrative authorities are prepared to support the return of homeless persons to housing. It focuses mainly on the dynamics of the development of a formal institutional framework in the form of two key pieces of legislation. While the Act on Social Services has been in force since 2007 and has undergone numerous amendments, the Act on Social Housing has not yet been enacted. The theory of actor-centred institutionalism has allowed us to conclude that no type of social service whose primary competence concerns social assistance for homeless persons or their return to a standard life has yet been incorporated into the Act on Social Services. The adoption of the Social Housing Act has encountered both stiff opposition from municipal representatives and a lack of clarity with respect to the competencies of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and the Ministry for Regional Development. The Czech public administration may therefore benefit from an amendment to the Act on Municipalities aimed at explicitly defining responsibility for housing in general and social housing in particular.

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Nadějné vyhlídky? Péče o starší z perspektivy osob pečujících ve formální péči

Author(s): Hana Maříková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2019

In the elderly care system in the Czech Republic as well as in other European countries, there is a trend towards commodification, marketization, decentralization and pluralization of care. In this system the status of seniors and also those who care has changed by introducing the care allowance as a tool of direct payments. While the consequences of introducing a new model of elderly care were mapped (at least partially) from the perspective of informal carers, no analysis has been done from the perspective of formal cares targeted by this article. The analysis of experience, perception and reflection of the elderly care system from the perspective of formal carers employed in organizations providing home care or residential care in different regions of the Czech Republic is based on 27 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2016−2017. The article focuses mainly on answering these questions: How formal carers perceive and evaluate their working conditions? What do they consider “good care“? What type of care do they prefer for their old age? Their perspective reveals some unintended consequences of the elderly care system in the segment of formal care, as well as the possibilities of its development towards care they consider “good care“.

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HOW MANY WORLDS OF WELFARE STATE ATTITUDES ARE THERE? EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF CROSS-NATIONAL SURVEY RESEARCH

Author(s): Mariusz Baranowski,Piotr Jabkowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The shape and scope of the welfare state in individual countries have been under consideration since the late 1970s. However, since the publication of The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (1990), discussions have been framed by the Esping-Andersen proposal, which has had an enormous impact on research regarding welfare regimes. This article aims to determine how many worlds of the welfare state can be distinguished in the European context. The empirical analysis is based on the newest data about welfare attitudes, taken from the European Social Survey Round 8. An extended typology by Gøsta Esping-Andersen was used to formulate our research hypotheses, which include Mediterranean and post-socialist countries as separate models. The conclusions obtained as a result of a cross-country multilevel analysis confirm the existence of (a) five worlds of welfare state attitudes and (b) significant differences in particular areas when assessing states’ involvement in social policy in the adopted extended typology.

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Poradenské služby pro rodinné pečovatele v Evropě

Author(s): Maike Merkle / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2018

Counselling services for family carers in Europe This article provides an overview over counselling services and counselling structures in the field of age and care in the EU member states Sweden, Austria, France and Scotland (as part of the United Kingdom). The research focuses on measures and offers for the target group of 'family carers'. The offers and measures aim at relief for the carers by providing them with needs-oriented information and counselling as well as by strengthening their competences.

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Some Aspects regarding the Defining Features of Social Services in the European Union

Author(s): Ana Sacara,Nicolai Romandaş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

Social services play an essential role within the European society, promoting and ensuring the increase of the capacity of vulnerable persons to participate actively in the life of society and they guarantee the respecting of the fundamental rights of the European citizens proclaimed by the Community legislation. In this study, there have been identified the most important characteristics and standards of the social services established through the European Union legislation, which states undertake to transpose within the national social policies in order to develop and improve the national social service systems.

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An Assessment of the Training Program on Mental Health for Community Health Workers in Kashmir, India

Author(s): Aadil Bashir,Bilal Ahmed Khan,Triptish Bhatia,Sheikh Shoib,Isahaque Ali,Unjum Bashir,Shabana Khursheed,Margaret Mcdonald,Mary E. Hawk,Smita Deshpande / Language(s): English Issue: 80/2023

In recent years mental health has emerged as a major health threat in low income countries like India. In response, mental health care has been integrated into primary health care, in turn creating a rising demand for trained and skillful mental health professionals. This study was conducted in district Budgam (J&K), India with the aim of providing training to community health workers (CHWs) and measuring the change using pre- and post-training evaluations. The pre and post tests were undertaken, assessing changes in mental health literacy at three different points of time: pre-training, post-training, and three month follow-up. Mental health literacy was assessed using the interviewer-administered Mental Health Literacy Survey. The training intervention was a five-day course based on a facilitator's manual developed specifically for community health workers in India. A total of 25 community health workers from rural areas of Budgam District (mostly Integrated Child Development Service supervisors), Health Educators and Anganwadi Workers, were engaged for the study. Findings demonstrate that the training course improved participants' ability to recognize any mental health disorders. There was a clear distinction between the level of awareness pre- and post- training. The results were statistically significant on various domains Ability to recognize disorders (Pre-post P= 0.001), Knowledge of the professional help available (Pre-post p= 0.000), Attitudes that promote the recognition or appropriate help-seeking behavior (Pre-post p= 0.000) (p<0.05). Further follow up after three months was done. The mixed findings from this study, suggesting the training course has potential to improve some aspects of mental health literacy among the CHWs, including their understanding of various mental health problems.

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Public Health Services and Service Gap in Char Land Communities in Bangladesh

Author(s): M. Rezaul Islam,Fakir Al Gharaibeh,Azlinda Azman,Intan H.M. Hashim / Language(s): English Issue: 80/2023

Char land is well-known as a hard-to-reach community in Bangladesh where the basic health services are very pitiable. Drawing an example from two char land communities in Bangladesh, this study explored the status of the public health services and service gaps. The study collected data from 222 respondents (heads of the households) and used a quantitative research approach where a face-to-face structured interview schedule was employed for data collection. Results showed that the char land family members were suffering different types of diseases, but they did not have adequate scientific treatment facilities; manpower and institutional facilities for health services were lacking against needs; and the quality of health services was awfully poor. All of the respondents mentioned a high service gap between demand and supply on health tests, specialized services and emergency services. Findings would be important guidelines for policy makers, development practitioners, health providers, and health workers.

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