Analysis of Japanese political analytic articles: Making face salient to explain actions in political interactions

Author(s): Yasuhisa Watanabe / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In Japanese newspapers and web journal articles analysing political and international relations, the Japanese counterparts of the term “face”, for example kao, mentsu, taimen (Yabuuchi, 2004) as well as tachiba, considered as the key to describe interpersonal relationships (Haugh, 2005), are frequently used. The emic notion of Japanese face and its construals (Spencer-Oatey, 2007) are used to explain actions or the lack of actions by a politician and a government as a result of saving or claiming face. The face that each participant, be it a person or an organisation, claims is an image of itself, formed through ongoing relationships among participants and observers in the political arena. Facework among the participants unfolds in forms of decisionmaking, political power game and war. Goffman’s (1967) formulation of face and facework is still applicable in describing the face of a politician and a government in these articles.The aim of this chapter is to analyse the Japanese emic face on its own through the analysis of Japanese political analytic articles, which make direct references to emic notion of face as cultural insiders (Haugh, 2013). I will firstly demonstrate how Japanese emic face is applied to describe intra-national and international political relations in Japanese political analytic articles. I will then reaffirm the ongoing nature of face, both between participants and in public, and the role that non-participants play in maintaining one’s face.

OSVRT NA TRANSRODNOST

Author(s): Slobodanka Dekić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Da bismo razumjeli transrodnost, potrebno je da sagledamo i definišemo pojam roda i spola iz jednog drugačijeg ugla. Većina definicija spola i roda – poput one koja postoji u „Zakonu o ravnopravnosti spolova BiH“ – rod posmatra kao društvenu kategoriju, koja podrazumijeva određene norme ponašanja i uloge karakteristične za muškarce i žene; spol je biološka kategorija sa kojom se ljudska bića rađaju, koju definišu muške i ženske spolne karakteristike i koja je nepromjenljiva. Ovo stanovište naglašava binarnost spola i roda, odnosno postojanje isključivo ženskog (F) i muškog (M) spola, odnosno ‘muškaraca’ i ‘žena’ kao dvije jedine moguće rodne kategorije.

ACTORS

Author(s): Saša Gavrić,Damir Banović,Mariña Barreiro / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina does not address the question of political parties, nor does a specific law exist regarding this matter. Therefore, political parties do not have particular authority in the constitutional system. The only legal basis so far is the state-level Law on Party Financing from 2000 and the Electoral Law of 2001. Political parties must have fifty founding members before registering as an association with the relevant municipal court. All political parties undergo a strict and complicated registration and investigation process to be able to stand for election for any political office (Art. 4.1-4.25 Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina). A political party needs 3000 signatures to enrol in elections for the Presidency or state-level House of Representatives.

ROMI U MEDIJIMA BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Mladen Lakić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Kako ustavno uređenje BiH u povlašten položaj stavlja pripadnike konstitutivnih naroda, onda se često opisuje kao zemlja većina. S druge strane, oni koji su u manjini, bilo da su ustavna kategorija Ostalih ili zakonom priznate nacionalne manjine ili faktičke manjine, trpe različite vrste diskriminacije. BiH je ratifikovala niz međunarodnih ugovora kojima se regulišu prava nacionalnih manjina. Preciznije rečeno, trebalo bi da su osigurana prava nacionalnih manjina. Jedna od preporuka pomenutih ugovora jeste odgovarajući medijski tretman i uopšte pristup medijima kada je riječ o nacionalnim manjinama. Upravo medijska slika BiH pokazuje koliko je naše društvo neosjetljivo i zatvoreno za sve one koji nisu iz reda konstitutivnih naroda. Zakon o javnom radio-televizijskom servisu BiH jasno precizira u članu 8, paragrafu 2 da će „programi biti prilagođeni potrebama konstitutivnih naroda i građana BiH, uređivani i emitovani ravnopravno na tri jezika u službenoj upotrebi u BiH i dva pisma.“ ( Zakon o javnom radio-televizijskom servisu BiH, Službeni glasnik BiH,37/03). Nacionalne manjine i njihovi jezici se ne pominju.

MATRICA KOJA OBEĆAVA?

Author(s): Iva Nenić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Globalna popularna kultura, shvaćena u najširem smislu kao skup društvenih praksi koje dominiraju u popularnoj umetnosti (muzika, književnost, film), oblika reprezentacija u medijima (novine, radio, televizija, Internet) i kulturnih artefakata mahom namenjenih širokoj upotrebi, predstavlja važan prostor za nastanak, menjanje i sukob različitih formi ženskih identiteta. Sam pojam popularne kulture često se koristi sinonimno sa izrazima masovna/medijska kultura ili kultura (post)industrijskog doba, čime se prevashodno referira na ulogu savremenih medija u procesima kulturne proizvodnje, ali se podrazumeva i opozicija prema tzv. visokoj kulturi u koju ulaze specijalizovane društvene prakse poput visoke umetnosti – delatnosti koje su istorijski proizvod zapadnoevropskog društva i preimućstvo elita koje poseduju odgovarajuća znanja, veštine i kompetencije.

Tačka razlaza

Author(s): Olivera Milosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Polemika u listu Vreme započela je člankom urednika u broju od 1. avgusta 2002, a nastavljena je u Pošti i Reagovanjima i trajala je neprekidno punih petnaest nedelja. Uredništvo je oglasilo njen kraj u broju od 28. novembra 2002, objašnjavajući da pisama ima još, ali samo onih kojima čitaoci podržavaju uređivačku politiku lista. U polemici je objavljeno 78 pisama (uključujući i tekst urednika D. Žarkovića), koje je napisalo 50 autora. Urednik i članovi redakcije su imali 8 priloga (Žarković - 1, Stefanović - 2, Milošević - 1, Cerović - 4) i jednu intervenciju u broju od 3. oktobra, u osmoj nedelji polemike, kada su naveli da osećaju nelagodnost "zbog usamljene pozicije g. Popovića u njegovom naporu da održi razgovor o jednoj od najvažnijih tema srpskog društva". Sa druge strane, najveći broj tekstova (9) napisao je Srđa Popović, osnivač lista Vreme. Od ukupnog broja učesnika polemike, desetoro se javilo po dva puta, a četvoro tri, odnosno četiri puta, što znači da je 43 pisama napisalo 15 autora, dok je ostalih 35 javljanja bilo od 35 drugih autora. "Na strani" Vremena i "na strani" oponenata objavljen je precizno jednak broj tekstova. Uz polemiku, uredništvo je objavilo i nekoliko "priloga": dva intervjua Srđe Popovića data drugim novinama, jedan apel iz 1999. upućen NATO-u i jedno privatno pismo iz 1999. upućeno Sonji Biserko, koje se, po navodu pošiljaoca, "vrtelo" na nekoliko veb-sajtova. Polemika je započela tekstom glavnog urednika lista Vreme Dragoljuba Žarkovića Dehelsinkizacija gospođe Biserko kao odgovor na njene kritike upućene listu a sadržane u citatu navedenom u tekstu trećeg autora u drugim novinama. U početku je izgledalo da će se na napadu i odbrani Sonje Biserko lično, polemika i završiti. To se, međutim, nije desilo. Težište je sa ličnosti Sonje Biserko preneto na njene stavove, i u okosnicu polemike izdiglo se pitanje da li su stavovi - da srpska elita preko nezavisnih medija (B92 i Vreme) čini sve da zločin ne samo relativizuje već i deetnifikuje - tačni ili ne. Vrlo brzo i vrlo jasno kristalizovale su se dve opcije, jedna koju je zastupala pozicija (u ovom slučaju list Vreme i branioci) sa tezom da je izveštavanje lista objektivno a da zločine treba deetnifikovati jer je njihova etnifikacija isto što i "kolektivna krivica naroda", i druga koju je zastupala opozicija, koja je smatrala da list relativizuje zločine jer se ne može "deetnifikovati" etničko čišćenje, što ne podrazumeva.

The Overseas Resistance on the Airwaves of the BBC - Czechoslovak broadcasts from London 1939–1945

Author(s): Ondřej Koutek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

During World War II radio propaganda became a mass impact weapon. In effect, the war was not just a clash of military forces and increasingly sophisticated weapons – it was also a contest of words and arguments. All sides began using international radio broadcasts to that end. For the Czechoslovak resistance-in-exile in London, radio was even more important: It enabled direct connection with the distant homeland, addressing and encouraging the occupied nation during its most trying times.

This Is the Voice of America - Czechoslovak service within Voice of America, the United States of America’s government broadcaster

Author(s): Prokop Tomek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Voice of America (VOA) and Radio Free Europe (RFE) were two of the most popular external radio stations prior to November 1989. The history of Voice of America’s Czechoslovak service and its past popularity in Czechoslovakia are unfortunately somewhat forgotten now.

Radio Free Europe through the eyes of the State Security Service - Photographs in the dossiers on subjects of interest kept by the Communist intelligence

Author(s): Ivana Koutská ,Pavel Žáček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The State Security Service officers – including the main directorate of the intelligence – stored the acquired or created operative materials in different kinds of dossiers and files, based on their focus and importance. Materials on institutions of interest in terms of state security or intelligence, which were the subject of the operative interest of the intelligence (e.g., central authorities in countries of interest, headquarters and offices of enemy intelligence agencies, political parties, exile organizations, ideological diversion centres, etc.) were stored in what was called “dossiers on subjects of interest”. These dossiers contained documents and materials related to the “elaboration” of the institution in question, such as reports on the bases of persons of interest, including photographs. Within their individual parts, i.e. thematic sub-files and sub-files of persons being “elaborated” (types), later persons of interest (agent types and enemy individuals), materials acquired via agents or another manner were gradually accumulated.

The Crimes of the communist regime in Hungary, national report

Author(s): János Rainer M. / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The expression communist regime refers in this report to the Soviet-type system of rule installed in Hungary after WWII, which persisted until the democratic transformation of 1989–90. Historians attach various terms to this system and this period, and there are a number of incompatible frames for discussing events associated with them. János Kornai, for example, calls it the socialist system and lists as its most general attributes a one-party political system, a monopoly for Marxist-Leninist political ideology, predominance of state or quasi-state ownership, bureaucratic coordination, and a centralized command economy. In the 1950s the Soviet-type system (following Hannah Arendt, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Carl Friedrich) was frequently classed among the totalitarian systems, with chiliastic ideology, a single mass party headed by the dictator, state terror, a monopoly of mass communications, and a centralized planned economy as its main attributes. These translate into institutions and /or patterns of conduct. The institutions altered little over the history of the Soviet-type systems, but there was much change in their methods of working, social embeddedness, interactions, approach to the subjugated, social autonomies and individual strategies. But there also exists a concept of the Soviet-type system – particularly that of the post-Stalinist period – as latent pluralism, exemplified by the Western revisionism that flourished in the 1960s. Others see continuity with the efforts of the Russians (or the Chinese in an Asian variant) to build and maintain an empire. A few claim it to be an alternative to the West European/Atlantic form of modernity, or a kind of catch-up modernization dictatorship that reflects that.

Jezik bosanskih franjevaca u vrijeme Austro-ugarske Monarhije

Author(s): Marica Petrović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Cjelovita slika stanja u jeziku bosanskih franjevaca se od kolovoza 1878. godine uvelike promijenila u odnosu na dotadašnju jer je u BiH u vremenu austro-ugarske uprave provođena jezična politika iza koje je stajala država. Jezik bosanskih franjevaca iz tog vremena nedovoljno je obrađivan. Za vrijeme austro-ugarske vlasti u BiH dolazi do prekida franjevačke standardnojezične tradicije i pokušaja ujednačavanja svih dotadašnjih jezičnih uzusa. Državni časopis Nada (1895-1903) treba prepoznati kao važan instrument u provođenju austro-ugarske državne jezične politike. Nada je bila Vladin časopis, Vladinim jezikom pisan! Franjevci su ga ignorirali.

Kultura, media i pełnione przez nie funkcje – sytuacja w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku (od naskalnego malarstwa do interaktywnej Sieci Internet)

Author(s): Janusz Musiał / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article revolves around the culture and media and their functions in the first decade of the 21st century. With the development of technology to create and transform image messages the rank of their entertainment and information features rises, while the rank of spiritual and aesthetic functions performed by the images diminishes significantly. Technological development facilitates the creation of images of intangible assets, which increasingly are the result of computer simulations. Unprecedented ease of creating and image processing enables almost anyone to become a creator of the pictorial messages. Thanks to the development of new imaging technologies such as photography, cinema, television, the computer, Internet or virtual reality, we are now dealing with the perception of the world as an image that is created by other images.

“Building the Future and Keeping the Past Alive Are One and the Same Thing”

Author(s): Sven Dwulecki / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

ENDNOTES

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

BETON - Kulturno propagandni komplet br. 035, god. II, Beograd, utorak, 25. decembar 2007.

Author(s): Zvonko Karanović,Saša Ilić,Saša Ćirić,Tomislav Marković,Momčilo Mihajlović / Language(s): Serbian

MIXER priča, Zvonko Karanović: Blato; CEMENT/Karaoke obračun, Saša Ilić: (Čobanov) odmor od literature, Saša Ćirić: Beli simposion na ćoravoj strani ulice; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Momčilo Mihajlović: Eliksir, Tomislav Marković: Novogodišnji TV program; BULEVAR ZVEZDA, MRAZ, Deda; BLOK BR. V, Karta srpskog spasa 3

Политически брифинг № 99 на CSD: ЧЕТИРИ ПОПУЛЯРНИ (ДЕЗИНФОРМАЦИОННИ) ПОСЛАНИЯ ПО ВРЕМЕ НА КАМПАНИЯТА ЗА ПАРЛАМЕНТАРНИ ИЗБОРИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ ПРЕЗ 2021 Г.

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The Bulgarian society has long been exposed to disinformation narratives in traditional and social media. The deterioration of media freedom on the back of the oligarchization of the media market has undermined the quality and objectivity of journalism. The media environment has been further undermined by the indiscriminate penetration of social media networks, which algorithms have further amplified sensationalist disinformation. This policy brief zooms in on the prevalence and connections to the pre-election campaign of four popular (disinformation) narratives related to conspiracy theories about COVID-19, to the support of the large Russian energy projects, the opposition to the European Green Deal and the growing anti-EU sentiments in the Bulgarian society.

CSD Policy Brief №. 147: Transforming Europe’s Media Landscape.

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The online migration of the last two decades has contributed to the collapsing business models of news media outlets. Many of these outlets, slow to adapt the models they have relied on for centuries, have crumbled – leading to increased amount of territory not covered by local news, so called ‘news deserts.’ In a post-truth era of increased political polarisation, a healthy, plural landscape of independent news media outlets serves as an important first-line in the defence of democratic ideals. If the European Union is to prevent further erosion of democratic values, news outlets must have an ecosystem in which they can survive. The European Commission must strive to implement innovative legislative measures to combat declining readership and falling advertising revenues in the media sector. It should increase the effectiveness of financial support to the industry by blending it with strategic private investments. Support should be provided through wider range of programs. A broad structural transformation may be required to ensure the optimum effectiveness of the Commissions initiatives.

Analiza Prava na pristup informacijama u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Ena Kljajić Grgić,Marko Vujić,Suzana Obradović,Emir Prcanović,Goran Dragišić / Language(s): Bosnian

The analysis of the right to access information in Bosnia and Herzegovina is based on a comprehensive research aimed at assessing the legislative framework and its actual implementation in practice. The right to access information is a fundamental tool for increasing the transparency of the work of institutions, which is essential for improving democratic standards and accountability in public administration.

Građani i mediji: konzumacija, navike i medijska pismenost

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Serbian

The public opinion survey, which was carried out by CeSID and Propulsion with the support of USAID Serbia, was conducted in the period between November 10 and 28, 2019 in the territory of the Republic of Serbia excluding Kosovo and Metohija. The research was conducted on a representative sample of 1,147 adult citizens of Serbia. A questionnaire formed in cooperation with the client, consisting of 104 questions, was used as a research instrument.

Biznis/ Mediji/ Javna uprava/ Influenseri

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Serbian

A total of 50 respondents participated in the research conducted among media representatives, of which 27 were representatives of traditional media (TV, radio, print), and 22 were representatives of digital media (portals, media with an online platform).