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XXI YÜZYILDA RUSYA’NIN SANAYİ SEKTÖRÜNÜN YAPISAL ANALİZİ

Author(s): Akif Abdullah,Tahire Hüseyİnlİ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 18/2013

After starting the process of dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, Russia has faced severe economic crises. Consumer goods and services due to the central economic policies of Soviet-era were lagging behind all around the world. With the economic crisis that erupted in Asia in 1998, oil and natural gas prices have fallen and the Russian economy was greatly influenced by it. When we look at the economy of Russia, it can be seen that, Russia's economy gives foreign trade surplus, is self-contained and seems to have even more. Active labor force of the country's and natural resources give the impression that, the country's economy has a vibrant, sustainable and an open economy. However, high level of oil prices and favorable trade opportunities appearance as important reasons for the strong growth in Russia.

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BÜYÜK UYGUR DEVLETİ DÖNEMİNDE “ARP ÇALGISI”

Author(s): Feyzan Göher Vural,Timur Vural / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2013

Great Uighur State was one of the most prominent civilization of scientific and cultural features. Turkish music culture also demonstrated significant improvements in this state age. Numerous instruments emerged and old instruments developed in this state. The harp, which based on Hun State, also developed in Uighur State. However, there is little or no information about the harp’s Turkish origin in national and international literature.The research based on literature review, is provided Uighur Turk’s harps and it is determined that these harps’ features. Based on Uighur miniatures and documents, it is commented that how and where these instruments plays. In addition it has been argued that, Uighur didn’t adopt the harp from Chinese.

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TURKEY’S IDEOLOGICAL APPARATUSES AND GLOBALIZATION

Author(s): Caner Taslaman / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2012

The argument that will be presented here is briefly as follows: the effects of globalization and of the wider use of electronic media – by which I mean especially private television networks and the internet – have led to a decrease in the state centre’s control over Turkish society. The state is no longer able to control the information conveyed to society via its ideological apparatuses and no longer enjoys the influence on culture and on forming identities it once possessed. By examining the most important ideological apparatus, that is the state's educational apparatus, and its Department of Religious Affairs, I will try to show how their role in inculcating the state’s founding ideology has been diminished. This process, in which the wider use of electronic media plays a significant role, constitutes one of the main reasons behind the increase in the independence and power of the actors, institutions and communities in Islamic circles that were repressed within the framework of Kemalism, the founding ideology of the center. With this increase in power, Islamic circles also began to exert influence on the center, with a resulting dissipation of the ideological differences between the center and the periphery.

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ENERJİ GÜVENLİĞİ AÇISINDAN TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİ’NİN DÜNYADAKİ YERİ VE ÖNEMİ

Author(s): Çağrı Kürşat Yüce / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2012

The Soviet sovereignty over the Caspian Basin finished with the end of the Cold War and Turkish states in the region have increased opportunities to build relations with other states. However, end of the Cold War has not meant that finished the competition in Eurasia. On the contrary, the competition with the addition of new actors has reached a different dimension. The cause of increased competition is the ever-increasing geopolitical importance of the region as well as rich oil and natural gas reserves of Turkish Republics. Turkish Republics in the Caspian Basin through their energy deposits, rational and realistic policies are required to operate and reliable routes to reach world markets. Because, to be fully independent and stronger of the region states, increase the level of welfare of the peoples in the short and medium term depends on it.

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BAĞIMSIZ TÜRK DEVLETLERİNDE MİKRO FİNANSMAN

Author(s): Nurhodja Akbulaev / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2012

Almost all societies have some citizens living in poverty. Although the most severe poverty is in the developing world, there is evidence of poverty in every region. The fight against poverty is usually regarded as a social goal and many governments have some dedicated institutions or departments. Poverty itself is also likely to be a barrier for poverty reduction. In general, the government can directly help those in need. However another method in helping to fight poverty is to use microfinance approach. Microfinance tries to fight global poverty and bring opportunities to the world’s poorest people. With tiny loans and financial services, it helps the poor, mostly women, start businesses and escape poverty. Also microfinance is not only financial aids for the poor but also its social improvements. As previous studies have implied sustainability and cost-effectiveness within the microfinance programme is important for the long-run poverty reduction in the Republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. In this study focus on some solutions for Central Asia poverty problem such as mikrofinance approach. Also it examines the Republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan conditions the aspect of poverty and microfinance practices.

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AVRASYA BÖLGESEL ENTEGRASYONUNDA TÜRK DÜNYASININ PERSPEKTİFLERİ (ECO ÖRNEĞİNDE)

Author(s): Yegane Gözelova / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 12/2011

Eurasia, which has an essential place in geopolitical system at the beginning of XXI century, became one of the centers of world politics. Eurasia is the place that, in one hand became the centre of confronting interests and negotiating of different cultures, in the other hand the place of establishment of future international relations. This continent is placed by Turkish states as Turkey, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, as well as one of the regional integration organizations of this continent is ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization). ECO began to its activity in 1964-1979s, but its preexistence is related to the decision of Turkey, Iran and Pakistan in 1985. After the decline of the USSR, former Soviet Republics as Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kirgizia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan entered to ECO.

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BEWERTUNG UND ANALYSE ZUR ENTSTEHUNG DER ISLAMISCHEN SCHULEN

Author(s): Ibrahim Usta / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2011

Like every other religion, the Islam has offered mankind a new system of life and ideology. For lots of people Islam has different and personal, as well as ideological and political meaning. The disunity which has begun when the prophet Muhammad died, has started time after time massive discussions, even war. In this work are the reasons for the development of the Islamic schools historically, culturally and sociologically analyzed.

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AZƏRBAYCANIN TƏHLÜKƏSIZLİYİNİN TƏMİN EDİLMƏSİNDƏ NEFT AMİLİNİN ROLU

Author(s): Turan Məmmədov / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 11/2011

Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyasının Fəlsəfə Sosiologiya və Hüquq Ġnstitutunun aspirantı Enerji təhlükəsizliyi məsələsi son on ildə bir çox dövlətlərin xarici siyasətlərində xüsusi yer tutmağa baĢlamıĢdır. Ġstər enerji istehsalçıları, istərsə də istehlakçılar enerji təhlükəsizliyini təmin etməyə çalıĢırlar. Belə ki, enerji istehsalçıları öz ölkələrində istehsal etdikləri enerji resurslarını alternativ yollarla dünya bazarlarına çatdırmağa, öz növbəsində enerji istehlak edən ölkələr isə bu resursları öz bazarlarına alternativ yollarla nəql etməyə çalıĢırlar. Göründüyü kimi, müasir dünyada enerji resurslarının nəqliyyatının Ģaxələndirilməsi əsas məsələyə çevrilmıĢdır. Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici ĠĢlər Nazirliyinin hesabatına görə,bu ölkənin xarici və təhlükəsizlik siyasətinin əsas geosiyasi təyinedici amilləri aĢağıdakı kimi müəyyən edilə bilər : 1.Dağlıq Qarabağ münaqiĢəsi; 2.Azərbaycanın enerji resursları; 3. Avropa ilə əlaqə və Avro-Atlantik strukturlara daha da geniĢ inteqrasiya etmək üçün güclü istək; 4. Ġslami irs türk ölkələri ilə mədəni yaxinliq və çoxtərəfli təsisatlarda yaxınlıq

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YENİ ÇAĞ, TÜRKİYE VE YENİ YÖNETİM SİSTEMİ

Author(s): Refet Ramiz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2011

Türkiye‟de, problemlerin çözümünün geliĢmiĢ ülkelerin ortaya koyduğu standardlarda, birlik mentalitelerinde, fikir ve anlayıĢlarda arandığı, en azından ilkesel bazda bu Ģekilde yapılmaya çalıĢıldığı tecrübeli kiĢilerce bilinmektedir. Genel olarak problemlerin siyasi, hukuki, askeri, ticari, bilimsel, dini, sosyal düzlemlerde yer aldığı, ve de birlikte veya ayrı ayrı bu yollarla çözülmeye çalıĢıldığı görülmektedir. GeçmiĢte bunlarla ilgili birçok örnek bulunmaktadır. Bunun siyasi düzlemdeki çözülmeye çalıĢılan kesimlerine genel anlamda “demokratiklik” ve “halkçılık” vurgusu ön plana çıkarılmakla birlikte, askeri, ticari, bilimsel anlamda bakıldığında yapılanın bu bakıĢ açıları dıĢında demokratiklik, halkçılık kelimleri arkasına saklanmıĢ sadece uygulamada bu iĢe yarar bazı çalıĢmalarla ifade edilmeye çalıĢıldığı görülür. Kimi zamanda da geçmiĢteki hükümdarlıklardan kısmen alıntı yapılmak suretiyle anlam pekiĢtirmesi yapılmaya çalıĢılmıĢtır, çalıĢılmaktadır. Bu aslında yeni bir yönetim Ģeklini ortaya koymaktaki gerekli tüm unsurların bilgi, tecrübe ve sentezini yapabilecek imkan ve kabiliyete sahip olamamanın da bir göstergesidir.

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BULGARİSTAN’DA TÜRKOLOJİNİN GELİŞMESİNE HİZMETİ GEÇEN TÜRK DÜNYASI AYDINLARI

Author(s): Hayriye Süleymanoğlu Yenisoy / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

Turkology studies in Bulgaria in scientific context have started in the first years of the last century. In 1906 beginning with the establishment of a course of Turkish language at History-Philology Faculty of The Sofia University certain steps have been made towards scientific research. With time, the published works of turkologists from countries like Russia, Poland and Hungary have contributed to the field. After The World War II a Soviet model was buildt in Bulgaria leading to substantial changes in all fields. In the context of Y. V. Stalin’s National Question Theory certain rights were given to national minorities. Having the largest population after Bulgarians, Turkish minority was provided with opportunities for development in educational, science and cultural fields. In 1952 with the establishment of Turkish Philology at Philology Faculty of The Sofia University (afterwards renamed to Turkology) as an independent department, Turkology studies were placed on a scientific basis. Leaded by Azerbajdzanian turkologists, reputed intellectuals from Turkic World have contributed essentially to the raising of specialist among the Turks in the field of Turkology. Courses were given in The Turkology Department, young students were educated in Baku, exchange visits were made between students of Department of Kazakh Language and Literature of Alma-Ata University and Sofia University Turkology Department, research personnel were trained in Baku and Alma-Ata. However, all relationships with the Turkic Republics of the former Soviet Union ended after the assimilatory ethnic oppression on Bulgarian Turks.

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Cultural Integration and Cross–Cultural Management Challenges in the Central European Countries:Lithuania and Poland

Author(s): Jolita Greblikaitė,Włodzimierz Sroka,Rasa Daugėlienė,Joanna Kurowska–Pysz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article focused on disclosing the situation of cultural integration in Lithuania and Poland leading to the different issues of cross–cultural management in labour market and companies activity. As the main research method, a critical analysis of scientific literature on cultural integration and cross–cultural management applied in the companies as well as secondary research data and legal documents are analysed focusing on both countries – Lithuania and Poland. Practical examples’ analysis is based on particular issue of global company ANG activity in Poland. In Lithuania the third countries citizens’ integration in labour market is discussed. Findings. The main challenges, problems and improvement possibilities in cultural integration and cross–cultural management context in both countries are disclosed. The context of cross–cultural management, in terms of cultural integration and globalisation evaluated focusing terms of companies’ activity in Poland and labour market issues in Lithuania in terms of third countries’ citizens’ integration in it. Practical implications. The research presents actual analysis of legal documents of third countries citizens in Lithuania as well as the tools of improving the situation. Particular issues for companies’ consideration are presented in case of Poland. Social implications. The research presents actuality of cultural integration and cross–cultural management in terms of society and business in Poland and Lithuania integrating different cultural groups and ethnic minorities in labour market of both countries. Originality/value. The paper considers actual and problematic issues in the life of two countries in the frames of national identity and cultural integration’s conjunction and diversity. Some particular issues as labour market and companies’ specificity are analysed. The comparative analysis provides some useful solutions for business and society.

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KÜRESELLEŞME SÜRECİNDE AZERBAYCANDA YEREL YÖNETİM YAPILANMASI

Author(s): Sebuhi Yusifov / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 7/2010

Küreselleşme, son yıllarda üzerinde en çok tartışılan, çok farklı anlam vedeğerler yüklenen, çok farklı tanımlamalara ve nitelemelere konu olan kavramların başında yer almaktadır. Kısaca, "dünyanın tek bir mekan olarak algılanabilecek ölçüde sıkışıp küçülmesi anlamına gelen bir süreci" tanımlayan küreselleşme, ekonomik, siyasal, sosyal ve kültürel değerlerin ve bu değerler çerçevesinde oluşmuş birikimlerin ulusal sınırlar dışına taşarak dünya geneline yayılması olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Tanımların birçoğunda ekonomik boyut öne çıkarılmakta ve küreselleşme, ekonomik faaliyetlerin dünya çapında birbirine bağlanması, bağımlı hale gelmesi olarak algılanmaktadır. Buna göre küreselleşme, sermaye, yönetim, stihdam, bilgi, doğal kaynaklar ve organizasyonun uluslararasılaştığı ve tam anlamıyla karşılıklı bağımlılaştığı bir ekonomik ve siyasal yapılanmadır. Bu yeni yapılanma içinde ekonomik rekabetin zemini milli ekonomiler olmaktan çıkarak dünya gezegeninin (globus) tamamı haline gelmektedir.

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How Turkish is it? Art and culture in Vienna

Author(s): Wiebke Sievers / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

The Viennese Turkish community constitutes 4% of all people residing in Vienna. This considerable presence has also brought with it many artistic and cultural activities. In this paper I question how far these activities have diversified Viennese cultural life. The results are two-fold: my quantitative analysis of public-funding data shows that Viennese Turkish artistic activities are still perceived as a marginal addendum to Viennese cultural life. However, as my qualitative analysis of selected activities highlights, they have contributed to making the diversity of both Austrian and Turkish cultures visible, albeit only in the margins, rather than in the centre of Viennese cultural life.

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The interplay between family and emigration from Romania

Author(s): Cristina Brădăţan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

East European migration became a significant feature in the post 1990 Europe. Although migration based on family connections is the most frequently used form of legal entry into the European Union, and family structure influences (and it is influenced by) migration, in the European literature more attention has been paid to individual (labour) migration rather than family migration. This paper intends to be a review of studies on family migration from Romania. Through this study, ‘family migration’ is used to under-stand not only the migration of the whole family unit but also migration of individuals within the context of family

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What matters for internal migration, jobs or amenities?

Author(s): Thomas Niedomysl,William A. V. Clark / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

There is an ongoing debate about whether jobs or amenities matter more for economic growth and by extension for regional migration. We review these debates briefly and point out that amenities are not always well defined and that the “either or” approach neglects the complexity of the migration process and the role that social processes play in the migration decision. While we acknowledge that there is still considerable ambiguity over the role that returns to employment play for internal migration decisions, this does not necessarily mean that the ambiguity can be replaced by calling on amenities as the major force in explaining migration flows.

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ÇİN – TÜRKİSTAN İLİŞKİLERİ

Author(s): Samet Zengınoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 7/2010

Çin ile Türkistan coğrafyası arasındaki ilişkiler ve etkileşimler gerisinde çok derin tarihsel birikim barındırmaktadır. Her ne kadar bu çalışmanın amacı son dönem Çin – Türkistan ilişkilerini ele almaksa da, bu tarihsel arka planın göz ardı edilmemesi yerinde olacaktır. Yaklaşık yirmi asırdan beri başta Asya Hunları ve Göktürler olmak üzere, Türk Devletleri ve ayrıca birçok Hakanlıklar ve Boylar, Çin ile iletişim ve etkileşim içerisinde olmuşlardır.11 Bütün bunlara ek olarak, Çin Seddi’nin yapım amacında ve Orhun Abideleri’nin12 yazım sebebinde de bu etkileşimin doğal neticelerini görmek mümkündür. Bu geniş tarih yelpazesinde birçok önemli olay ve gelişme yaşanmasına rağmen bu çalışmanın amacı özellikle Soğuk Savaş sonrasından günümüze yaşanan gelişmeleri ele almaktır.

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MƏŞĞƏLƏLƏR MƏKTƏBƏQƏDƏR YAŞLI UŞAĞIN SOSİAL-MƏNƏVİ İNKİŞAFININ VASİTƏSİ KİMİ

Author(s): Şəhla Əliyeva / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 7/2010

Be substituted with his developing as personality of the traditional costs of the child training he demands taking into account of function of the activities of the private approach direct against children, children mine. Teaching place of the pre-school educational institutions education programs and he is -is/are consists of applied area of technologies.

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DÜNYA BANKASININ AZERBAYCAN EKONOMİSİNE ETKİSİ VE DIŞA AÇILMADA KATKISI

Author(s): Anar Nazim Eminov / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 7/2010

At the present, crisis and reform processes management, required by the underdeveloped and developing countries, heavily depends on the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. Important contributions have been obtained to the Azerbaijan economy after the independence thanks to the cooperation with international financial institutions. Under this frame, the international financial institutions have realized significant cooperation and credit programs with Azerbaijan at the recent decade in relation with their scope of arrangement of world monetary system and determining the policies towards the underdeveloped countries. This, in turn, has brought important positive effects on Azerbaijan’s national economy.

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AZƏRBAYCAN DEMOKRAT FİRQƏSİNİN MÜHACİRƏTDƏ FƏALİYYƏTİ

Author(s): Xaqan Əlirza Balayev / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 7/2010

Bu çalışmada, Azerbaycan Demokrat Partisi‘nin (ADP) Bakü‘de muhaceret hayatından bahsedilmektedir. ADP 2 ekim 1945‘de İran’ın Güney Azerbaycan vilayetinde, Tebriz’de Mir Cafer Pişeverinin başkanlığı ile yaratıldı ve milli kurtuluş uğrunda mücadeleye başladı. 12 aralık 1945‘de Güney Azerbaycan Muhtar Vilayeti‘nin yaratıldığını beyan etdi ve milli hükümet kurdu. 12 aralık 1946‘da İran devleti askeri kuvvetleri Güney Azerbaycan’a sokdu ve mücadeleçilere karşı kanlı katliam yaptı. ADP yönetmenleri ve üyeleri Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birligi‘ne, Azerbaycan’a sığınmak zorunda kaldılar. Bakü‘de ve Azebaycan‘ın diger bölgelerinde yurtlandılar, politik sığınık statüsü aldılar. Araştırmada ilk defa olarak arşiv vesikalarına, tarihsel belgelere dayanarak 1947-1991 dönemlerinde ADP’nin muhaceretteki faaliyeti tahlil edilmişdir. İncelemeler sonucu, politik sığınıkların ekseriyetinin zamanla sovyet cemiyetine ithal ettigi kanısına varılmıştır.

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KÜRESEL GÜÇ MÜCADELESİ BAĞLAMINDA AVRASYA’DAKİ ENERJİ SAVAŞLARI

Author(s): Çağrı Kürşat Yüce / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 7/2010

Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılması, dünya üzerinde yeni ülkelerle beraber yeni mücadele alanlarını da ortaya çıkarmıştır. Hazar Bölgesi, Sovyetler sonrası ortaya çıkan yeni jeopolitik denklemde, bölgesel ve uluslararası güçlerin en çok nüfuz mücadelesine giriştiği bölgelerin başında gelmektedir. Zira bu bölge, zengin petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları ile enerji mücadelesinin yeni coğrafi mekânı niteliğini almıştır. Avrasya’da sürdürülen enerji mücadelesini; jeopolitik, ekonomik ve güvenlik unsurlarının yer aldığı çok yönlü bir oyuna benzetmemiz mümkündür. Nitekim bu oyunun adı günümüzde “Yeni Büyük Oyun”81 olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bilindiği üzere 21. yüzyılda, genelde Avrasya özelde ise Hazar Havzası, nüfuz mücadelesinin en sert geçtiği bölgelerin başında gelmektedir. SSCB’nin dağılmasından sonra, Rusya, AB, Çin ve ABD gibi büyük güçler, komşu ülkeler olan İran, Pakistan, Türkiye ve ayrıca bazı petrol şirketleri Avrasya coğrafyasında büyük bir rekabet içine girmişlerdir.

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