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Między ruralizacją miasta i „urbanizacją przyrody”. Historia środowiskowa okupowanej Warszawy

Author(s): Karolina Wróbel-Bardzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

The paper attempts to answer the question about the place of plants and urban greeneryin Warsaw during the occupation and post-war period. The theoretical framework isdetermined by the environmental history of the war. The author describes ruralization ofWarsaw during the occupation, and the fate of trees in urban forests and gardens and parks,which became depleted or destroyed as a result of the war and overexploitation. These spaces are called by Chris Pearson as “scarred landscapes”. An important point of referenceis the pre-war and post-war vision of modernizing the city, in which plants occupy animportant place in the spatial planning sphere. Moreover, the paper discusses thephenomenon of “urbanization of nature”, determining in this period of what belongs tothe accepted sphere of “nature” in urban space.

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A nem-politikaitól a biopolitikáig: Roberto Esposito a politikai közösség lényegéről

Author(s): Lajos András Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2020

In contemporary Italian political philosophy, Roberto Esposito is the author, besides Giorgio Agamben and Antonio Negri, who attributes a central role to the biopolitical approach in his works. Esposito’s standpoint is special. By Agamben’s interpretation, biopolitics has exclusively negative connotations; Negri uses the same expression in a mainly positive context; Esposito represents a third standpoint. Sometimes the positive, sometimes the negative side of the linking of life and politics appears in his writing, depending on the actual situation. Esposito interprets the actual appearances of biopolitics in the connection of two fundamental concepts, namely communitas and immunitas. Communitas means the historically changing practice of political cohesion of community; immunitas is a summarised expression of the different versions of individual endeavours and ambitions. It is clear from the beginning of the modernity that the political contests can be interpreted as an opposition of the principles of common and own. Besides the concepts of communitas and immunitas, the impolitical has an important role in the works of the Italian thinker. The aim of the idea of impolitical is to preserve the foundational function of the political, in the form of immunisation, for the neutralisation of the conflicts and the political itself. Consequently, the impolitical is a kind of mediator between the political system, i.e. institutionalised politics and the diffuse content of political, which can only be explained in the level of conceptual representation with a deficit.

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POLİTİK EKOLOJİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN COVID-19 SALGINI

Author(s): Cihan Kaymaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 23/2021

Pandemics had social-political characteristics beyond being the subject of medical treatment in history. In the past few centuries, under the influence of modern medicine, perspectives on pandemics have changed. For the last year, the COVID-19 (new coronavirus) pandemia, which has been at the top of the world agenda, has brought the changing daily life relations due to temporal and spatial change confronted with an unprecedented global problem. Considering that humanity first encountered such a global pandemic, theoretical and practical evaluations were made in various fields regarding the process of pandemia of the COVID-19, Soon to be discovered and explained in time. Most of these evaluations prefer to explain the pandemia in pieces. However, holistic evaluations are needed against the problems that have affected every part of daily life. This study, which aims to make holistic evaluations within the scope of the necessity of such a need, focuses on the COVID19 pandemic with a political ecology perspective using the "grounded theory" method, one of the qualitative research techniques; It deals with the social-political aspects of the pandemic within the framework of theoretical and practical, historical and temporal integrity according to the relations between human and nature. The study tries to bring developments that may contribute to the understanding of what happened during the pandemic process, and can draw various conclusions about the unknowns waiting to be discovered after the pandemic.

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Какво може да ни научи Маркс за реставрацията на капитализма?

Author(s): Rastko Močnik / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article talks about an epochal regression, seeking to avoid the social science melodrama. Situating its reflection upon the conceptual level, it examines the restoration of capitalism in social formations with a socialist project in the Marxian and Marxist terms, to test their theoretical capacity at historical analysis but mainly to show what the alternative movements and theory in Yugoslavia could have done, but did not do, when there was still time to intervene. More precisely it tries to extricate the locus where, in the socialist past, theoretical insights have come out to be disconnected from political commitments (i.e. the title should be understood: ‘What we should have learned from Marx and have failed to take into account in our practice’). In front of the principal contradiction between socialist processes and the political bureaucracy (indirect effects of the latter being capitalist processes), the alternative movements, neglecting the top managerial groups and their great influence within political bureaucracy, found themselves theoretically unprepared and practically powerless when the joint forces of reaction performed a top-down counter-revolutionary coup and, in fire and blood, destroyed socialist federation.

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Przestrogi dla utopistów. Wizje optimum dóbr w historii idei w książce Andrzeja Waśkiewicza

Author(s): Grzegorz Sokół / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The subject of this essay is Andrzej Waśkiewicz’s book Ludzie – rzeczy – ludzie. O porządkach społecznych, gdzie rzeczy łączą, nie dzielą (People–Things–People: On Social Orders Where Things Connect Rather Than Divide People). The book is the work of a historian of ideas and concerns contemporary searches for alternatives to capitalism: the review presents the book’s overview of visions of society in which the market, property, inequality, or profit do not play significant roles. Such visions reach back to Western utopian social and political thought, from Plato to the nineteenth century. In comparing these ideas with contemporary visions of the world of post-capitalism, the author of the book proposes a general typology of such images. Ultimately, in reference to Simmel, he takes a critical stance toward the proposals, recognizing the exchange of goods to be a fundamental and indispensable element of social life. The author of the review raises two issues that came to mind while reading the book. First, the juxtaposition of texts of a very different nature within the uniform category of “utopia” causes us to question the role and status of reflections regarding the future and of speculative theory in contemporary social thought; second, such a juxtaposition suggests that reflecting on the social “optimal good” requires a much more precise and complex conception of a “thing,” for instance, as is proposed by new materialism or anthropological studies of objects and value as such.

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Elemente şi provocări ale regimului juridic privind sănătatea mediului. Cazul perturbatorilor endocrini

Author(s): Mircea Dutu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2019

The adequate comprehension, approach and regulation of sanitary and environmental risks imply a complex public intervention, expressed by pertinent evaluations, corresponding strategies, policies, and legal regulations, structured and correlated at a national, EU, and international level. The reality of the general exposure of the population to new pathogenic factors and the new approach to environmental health require transparent and consistent knowledge efforts regarding the issues of prevention, resorption and control of the new threats and their consequences on human health and quality of the environment. It is therefore necessary to have adequate and efficient juridical responses, elaborated and adopted at a legislative, case-law and doctrine level. A new major challenge consists in the endocrine disruptors, having a more evident and negative impact on health, being difficult to frame in preexisting patterns (their limits resonating not as thresholds, but as “exposure windows”), with complex economic and social stakes, whose regulation is strongly dependent on scientific expertise. Adopting and enforcing strategies and action plans at a national level, the emergence of the first regulations in this field, initiating a EU strategy of fighting endocrine disruptors, starting form a legal definition, and the inscription of the proposal on the agenda and priorities of the World Health Organization create a juridical and institutional general framework of action in this field.

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Aspects of Eco-Identity in the Recent History of Protests in Romania

Author(s): Costel Coroban,Andrada Munteanu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Given the ideational debate launched by Michel Foucault by asserting the theory of "biopower" in Surveiller et punir (1975), which showed that "domination" in society is increasingly exercised not through regulations, but through control of the body, this paper brings to the fore the perspective of ecological identity in the wake of events such as ecological protests taking place in the last decade in Romania. Thedevelopment of eco-identity is a novelty in Romania and is little developed at a theoretical level in our country. Nevertheless, the concept of eco-identity is a popular and important topic both nationally and internationally. The historical comparative approach is used in order to apply theories of ecological risk perception to conflict situations such as the protests against the Roşia Montană Gold Corporation or the spontaneous protests against Chevron in Pungeşti. A conclusion of the study is that, in some instances, the foreigner is seen from two perspectives by Romanians. First, as a guide and pioneer in developing eco-tourism and, second, as an exploiter. Although Romanians are sometimes involved in conflict with the imagined foreigner, represented by foreign companies which have attempted to carry out polluting economic activities on the territory of their country, foreigners are also those who have helped develop the country towards a healthier environment through the influence of international environment organizations and have promoted Romania's unique nature-centered traditional style of life abroad.

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Tracing a Vanishing Heritage: The Hungarian Rustbelt

Author(s): Eszter Bartha / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

A Factory Town that Belongs to the Past… Social Changes in Ózd and its Surroundings from the System Change until Today, by Péter Alabán (Kronosz Publishing House, 2020).

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SRBIJA 2030: AGENDA ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA – IZAZOVI I OGRANIČENJA

Author(s): Vladan Vučić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

At the annual summit in September 2015, the United Na-tions Assembly adopted a Resolution on Sustainable Development entitled Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The 2030 Agenda is a universal document and the signatory states are expected to mobilize all resources in order to achieve the goals by 2030. A total of 17 goals have been defined, which together include three dimen-sions of sustainable development - economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The Republic of Serbia has participated in the development and writing of the Sustainable Development Agenda, however, despite the commitments, it seems that sustainable development is not a generally accepted paradigm of development in Serbia. This is primarily related to social inclusion and poverty reduction, as well as environmental goals. The aim of this paper is to point out that it is necessary to reaffirm the basic postulates of the sustainable development agenda.

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Žaliojo uosto psichologinės internalizacijos antropologinė linija

Author(s): Saulius Lileikis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 110/2022

The article discusses the anthropological course for a psychological internalization of a green port when the political and legal motives for solving environmental problems are limited and the values of personalism that are relevant to a democratic state are rejected and the port in the public mind is reduced to the traditional business of maritime mafia. The personal, free, conscious, and comprehensive psychological internalization of the green port encompasses the ontological anthropological, axiological ethical and aesthetical aspects of the seaport’s existence as well as the technological activities from the perspective of spiritual ecology. Panhominism is placed in contrast to a comprehensive approach towards a sustainable relationship between the port’s infrastructure and superstructure and nature itself. The perception of a symbolic link between the seaport and the individual’s spiritual world motivates the implementation of the green port. Limited techno-legal psycho-political mechanisms in higher education cannot foster an ecological attitude. Meaningful, personalistic, and anthropological symbolistic education is oriented towards the individual’s ecological self-awareness in the direction of techno-cultural self-expression, which is based on the integrity of the person.

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HOW THE LEGITIMACY OF MARX’S ECOLOGY IS POSSIBLE: DEMONSTRATING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FACTUALITY AND EFFECTIVENESS?

Author(s): Ning Zhang / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article will discuss the legitimacy of Marx’s ecology. Generally speaking, the legitimacy of Marx’s ecology is doubted in two aspects. Does Marx have ecology? Is Marx’s ecology effective? In the former aspect, the opponents believe that Marx’s theory lacks ecological content due to its inherent tendency of ‘Prometheanism’ and ‘hyperindustrialism’. In the latter aspect, the opponents believe that although Marx has ecology, Marx’s ecology has long lost its explanatory power for modern ecological problems due to changes of times and historical themes. Therefore, the demonstration of the legitimacy of Marx’s ecology should also be carried out from the two dimensions of factuality (existence) and effectiveness.

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A framework for exploring cultural and creative industries in regional contexts: the role of cultural intermediaries

Author(s): Annette Naudin,Ieva Zemite,Agnese Hermane / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2022

The overarching goal of this article is to contribute methodological frameworks for identifying Latvia’s cultural and creative ecosystem and its key actors. The authors reiterate the significance of the cultural and creative industries (CCI) and the complexities of defining and analyzing the CCI. The main research question of the article is to ask: what concepts need to be considered when researching Latvia’s CCIs ecosystem? This leads to the following questions: 1)What are the characteristics of regional, national and global perspectives of CCI and how that might help in the exploration of regional CCI in Latvia; 2)Who are the key actors and what are their roles in CCI ecosystems? In exploring these questions the authors propose some theoretical frameworks and concepts for understanding CCI in Latvia. In the first part of this article, the authors re-assess definitions of the so-called ‘creative industries’ to clarify what has become a confusing term for researchers and policymakers alike (Hesmondhalgh and Pratt 2005; Chapain, Clifton, Comunian 2014; Dobreva, Ivanov 2020). For the purposes of this article, the authors use the term ‘cultural and creative industries’ (CCI) which, as explained below, encompass the relevant debates and meanings. Then, the authors reflect on the CCI in regional contexts: ideas of ‘locality’ and place-making in small towns and regions. Finally, attention is drawn to the role of cultural intermediaries, which are described as entrepreneurial professionals working as part of the CCI, facilitating relationships, shaping and contributing to local cultural and creative ‘ecosystems’ (Neelands et al. 2015). By emphasizing the position and role of actors engaged in intermediation, this article argues that it is important to highlight local social interactions and tasks, which are sometimes hidden or perceived to be inconsequential by policymakers, CCI practitioners, and scholars alike. To begin this discussion the authors review key scholarly debates for defining the CCI.

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Selected issues of the Czech legal regulation of stationary sources of air pollution

Author(s): Tereza Fabšíková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The legal regulation of stationary sources of air pollution is an important part of the air protection in law. This paper is focused on selected issues of placing and operating all stationary sources in the Czech Republic, from the smaller ones (e.g. located in houses) to the larger ones. The regulation is mainly carried out by binding opinions and permits for operation and by the determination of some emission limits. Some obligations are also imposed on the operators of stationary sources and in the case of some stationary sources also compensatory measures and operating orders are required. In the text, the most important legal topics connected with stationary sources are discussed.

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Разказ(и) за климата: етически метаморфози

Author(s): Stoyan Stavru / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article focuses on the ethical dimensions of the political narrative of climate change. The climate narrative turns out to be the only universal narrative that has the potential to produce political events, fuelled by a new union between statistics and ethics, which the text labels „statistethics“. The various strategies for dealing with climate change are also presented, formulated as narratives: the monastery narrative (climatic monasticism), which relies on degrowth, limiting consumption, renouncing the present in favour of a foreign future; the escape room narrative (adaptation to climate change), which requires changing the survival strategy, adapting and profiting from the new facts, turning the future into the present; and the casino narrative (climate gambling) that insists on taking the risk, betting on consumption and production now, fully consuming the present, whatever the future holds.

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Кой да носи отговорност за околната среда по време на природни бедствия

Author(s): Alexandra Traykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This paper uses the moral feat of volunteer firefighters in Australia during the 2019‒2020 bushfires as an opportunity to discuss the concepts of responsibility, duty, initiative, altruism, sacrifice, social justice and ecological justice within the context of severe and prolonged natural disasters.

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Климатичните промени и „заблудата на какавидата“. Бележки по полетата на Метаморфозата на света на Улрих Бек

Author(s): Svetla Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This article reviews Ulrich Beck’s The Metamorphosis of the World, published in 1916 by Polity Press (Cambridge). The book is one of the most meaningful attempts in recent years at theorizing climate change from a sociological perspective. In essence, this text is a critical reflection on the sociological concepts that Beck uses to problematize climate change (and especially the concept of emancipatory catastrophism); on the adequacy of the conceptual apparatus which he applies to conceptualize the topic sociologically; and on the logic of transformation (which stays hidden from the author himself) of the main question from sociological to a logic of normative values. Despite this and other critical remarks, the book gives an impulse to sociological thinking on climate change and the relevant risks, mostly by provoking us to formulate alternative sociological questions, which require detailed empirical research.

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Къде да се приземим? Как да се ориентираме в политиката

Author(s): Bruno Latour / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Sociology and Science, Philosophy and Experiment, Politics and the Theatre

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Между автономността и традициите – променящите се ценностни нагласи към семейството и авторитета на възрастните в ромските градски общности

Author(s): Gergana Nenova,Radostina Antonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article explores the problem of the attitudes towards family and authority of the elderly shared in the Roma community and the changes in them. The example of two Roma neighbourhoods in regional cities (Sofia and Stara Zagora) seeks to answer the questions: how these values change over time; which social groups in the Roma community are the bearers of these changes; and what are the experiences associated with them. The article presents the results of two quantitative surveys conducted in „Fakulteta“ district in Sofia in 2002 and 2017, and a qualitative research in Stara Zagora within the action research approach. The main conclusion from the comparison of the two studies is that in the Roma communities in these two neighbourhoods there are social groups that manifest significant (and to some extent similar) changes in the understandings of family relations. The changes are in the direction of autonomy and detachment from tradition. The main social groups that show such a change in the direction of autonomy from community norms are young women and respondents with secondary education.

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Impact of climate change on forest resources: Case of Quercus rotundifolia, Tetraclinis articulata, Juniperus phoenicea, J. oxycedrus, J. thurifera and Pinus halepensis

Author(s): M. Elmalki,A. Ichen,M. Aarab,F. Mounir,M. El Mderssa,Y. Oularbi,A. Tajdi,S. Moukrim,L. A. Ouzzaouit / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Forest resources in the Ourika watershed are subject to several anthropogenic and climatic degradation factors. As for the human factor, this degradation of forest resources is explained by the bad practices exercised by the local population expressed by the cutting of live wood, carbonization, and overgrazing. In terms of the climatic factor, the decrease in the amount of rainfall and the increase in temperature contribute to the exacerbation of the degradation of these resources. In order to better understand the evolution of plant cover in a changing climate context, this study highlights an assessment of the impact of climate change on forest dynamics based on a process-based model at the forest landscape scale which makes it possible to simulate the changes according to growth, succession, disturbances (fire, wind, insects, etc), forest management, and land use change. This analysis is based on the use of the LANDIS-II model and the PnET-succession extension. Projections of the dynamics of forest communities are made using climate projections from the Japanese global circulation model adopted by Morocco (model for interdisciplinary research on climate – earth system models) and this by adopting the two climate scenarios , representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5. The results obtained highlight the spatial distribution of the ecosystems studied after 100 years with a quantitative evaluation of the total average biomass of these resources as a function of climatic disturbances. In general, the estimated total biomass will decline over the coming years under the joint effect of the climate change and the aging of forest stands, while on the other hand, the distribution of potential areas for species settlement remains independent of the effect of these climate changes.

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„Ziemia bez nas da sobie radę. Ale my bez niej nie przetrwamy”. Polscy muzycy rockowi jako obrońcy klimatu

Author(s): Maciej Fic / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2022

The issue of responding to human actions which had caused the environmental pollution and lowering of life quality is hardly alien to Polish rock musicians. Since the 1980s they have been addressing it in their songs, which is compounded with them leading pro-climate lifestyle. This article discusses both, some selected instances of the said musicians’ activism and the lyrical content they proposed to their audiences, tailored to instigate the readers to reflect upon contemporality and the future of the Earth.

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