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POSEBNE ISTRAŽNE RADNJE I NJIHOV ZNAČAJ U ISTRAŽIVANJU KRIVIČNIH DJELA

Author(s): Mirzo Selimić,Vjekoslav Vuković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2015

Although it looks simple, the investigation of criminal offenses, in reality, is a labyrinth composed of a multitude procedures, barriers dilemmas and questions. The closeness of the object of research sometimes makes complex for consistently distinguishing criminalistics and criminal procedural law. Problems of form (criminal procedural law) and content (criminalistics) in many interferential issues are so intertwined that the strict differentiation would not only be difficult, but dangerous. Criminalistics must know the technical and tactical methods and means, because otherwise it's not criminalistics. In the contrary, it would look like to an almost unthinkable criminal practitioner who knows the general provision of the Criminal Code, but does not know his special part and conversely (Korajlić, 2012.). Investigation of crimes by the police is a criminal cognitive activity and it must present purposefully planned and organized succession of operational measures and activities and investigative actions aimed at finding, collecting and providing of the object of investigation.

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OPĆI OKVIR PROUČAVANJA SRPSKE AGRESIJE NA HRVATSKU 1991...

Author(s): Vlado Šakić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04+05/1993

The paper is based on the hypothesis derivedfrom Fromm'sanalysis of war as an instrumentalized act of aggression, according to which every war is rationally planned with clearcut objectives usually pertaining, in contemporary warfare, to territorial and economic expansion of one or more countries at the expense of one other or more countries. In the context of this hypothesis and the UN- GA Resolution 3314 (1974) an attempt has been made to define the general framework of the 1991 Serbian aggression against the Republic of Croatia... Building this analysis upon the analysis of the Croatian exodus and masacres committed in the 1991 Serbian aggression against Croatia...,in the works of Šakić et al. (1993),and in the context of the initial hypothesis, the author concludes that the Serbian aggression against Croatia was a rationally planned and instrumentalized aggression of one country against another (in this case of Serbia against Croatia) with the purpose of territorial expansion, and use of means which are, according to international conventions, defined as ethnic cleansing and genocide.

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VELIKOSRPSKA TERITORIJALNA POSEZANJA

Author(s): Mladen Klemenčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04+05/1993

Ideologic background of the Greater-Serbian territorial policy was formed by the programme wich have been repeatedly appearing in Serbia since the first half of the 19th century. Since then all Serbian territorial claims have been based on a number of falsifications. For their realization favourable situations in international relations have been used (World wars, breakdowns of empires or state-unions). Serbia has tried to realize its territorial expansion by both direct annexion of certain areas and by using its hegemony in the fictiously common South-Slavic state. All the characteristics of the previous Greater-Serbian territorial claims have reappeared before and during the aggression against Croatia in 1991. Therefore, it was only the newest in a chain of attempts to conquer foreign territory, or, in short it was a pure land-grabbing war. Programme of all main Serbian political parties are extremly expansionistic. The territorial expansion or creation of Greater Serbia is also advocated by a great number of intellectuals. Referring to a number of sources, this paper proves it.

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RATNI ZLOČIN I ZLOČIN GENOCIDA U AGRESIJI SRBIJE NA REPUBLIKU HRVATSKU 1991...

Author(s): Anka Tojčić,Slavenka Sedlar,Vlado Šakić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04+05/1993

The extremely cruel sufferings ofthe civilian population in Serbia's armed aggression against Croatia in 1991, (according to still incomplete data the proportion of civili ian casualties in the masacres with regard to the total number of civillians killed is 61%), as well as the fact that the crimes were committed on Croatian territory towards which Serbia has territorial claims - are the basis of our argument that genocide is part of the Serbian war strategy. The relevant sources of information used in the paper were government institution records (the Medical Corps Headquarters of the Croatian Army and the Commission for Dealing With Prisoners of War), Croatian newspapers (from May 2nd 1991 through March 1993), a small number of medical publications (Croatian Medical Journal, War Supplement 1 and 2) and Mass Killing and Genocide in Croatia 1991/92 published by the Croatian University Publishing House). Information presented in the text regarding the number of casualties is not an accurate image of the current situation, which was not our intention in the first place, but a documented and scientifically argued illustration of the suffering of the Croatian people in the period of the fiercest Serbian aggression against those Croatian territories the Serbs wanted to conquer and submit to ethnical cleansing.

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JEDNO I POL STOLJEĆE U BROJČANOM RAZVOJU STANOVNIŠTVA VUKOVARA I VUKOVARSKOGA KRAJA

Author(s): Alica Wertheimer-Baletić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04+05/1993

Analysis of the numerical development of the population in the Vukovar area, Le. the municipality of Vukovar, as the eastern most part of the Croatian Republic in the period 1857-1991, indicates that its determinants were complex and under simultaneous greater or lesser influence of certain specific factors in each of the four mentioned intercensus periods. Vukovar's important geographic position (especially for traffic) on the Danube, as well as the natural riches of this area, determined the role of migration in the overall change (increase/decrease) of this region's number of inhabitants. Vukovar and the surrounding villages have experienced immigration of extensive proportions in certain intercensus periods, which was, especially in the second half of the 19th century, multinational in character. Immigration in the period after the First and Second world wars manifested itself through two agricultural colonizations.

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VUKOVARSKI OTPOR SRPSKOJ RATNOJ AGRESIJI NA HRVATSKU 1991...

Author(s): Josip Jurčević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04+05/1993

Vukovar was, because of its geostrategical position, one of the first targets of Serbia's war conquest of the Republic of Croatia in 1991. Despite the Serbian Army's pronounced military predominance, the defenders of Vukovar managed (although completely surrounded) to resist the attacks for 80 days - inflicting serious human and material losses. Some 300 tanks and armoured vehicles were destroyed, as well as about 25 army airplanes; the number of dead Chetniks and Serbian soldiers ranges from seven to ten thousand, while twenty-five to thirty thousand were wounded. Due to the balance of forces, which was for the Croatian defenders highly unfavourable, and due to successful military results achieved ins pite of extremely modest weaponry, "the Vukovar phenomenon" is the subject of analysis at military academies world-wide.

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Cyberbullying awareness in secondary and high-school

Author(s): Melike Kavuk Kalendera / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

This study examines cyberbullying awareness of schools based on the statements of teachers and managers. Survey data were collected from 376 educators in 277 middle and high-schools. The ‘Questionnaire for Cyberbullying Awareness at School’ was used as the data collection tool and data were collected online and analyzed with frequency and percentage statistics. The findings show that: schools have wrong or inadequate strategies concerning recognition and intervention of cyberbullying; techniques for cyberbullying prevention is sufficient, concerning the creation of an anti-cyberbulling school culture and taking technological precautions; however, the creation of an anti-cyberbullying curriculum, and the construction of specific anti-cyberbullying policies for schools, is lacking in teachers’ cyberbullying awareness. It is clear that cyberbullying awareness in secondary schools and high schools in Turkey must be increased.

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SEKURITIZACIJA MIGRACIJA: ILEGALNE MIGRACIJE KAO SIGURNOSNA PRIJETNJA U JUGOISTOČNOJ EVROPI

Author(s): Senadin Šabanija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2021

International migrations are not the problem that should be solved but process that should be managed. Securitization of migrations as a dominant response to the migrant crisis in the last decade became an approach undertaken by some countries in southeast Europe as a primary goal to solve problems of illegal migrations in their territories. It was considering illegal migrations as a security threat towards national security primarily, also initiating proper response of states using appropriate security measures. Copenhagen school securitization theory considers taking actions against the advanced identified threat as a legitimate response of state that may use all means to eliminate such existential threat upon a decision made by political elites. Expansion of security agenda based on principles of securitization studies over the situations that have never been considered a security issue, such as international migrations, might create new security challenges. Securitization of migrations is not adequate nor sufficient response in migration management because it disregards other dimensions of migrations, although it is a politically acceptable response. Determination of illegal migrations as a security threat depends on political interests in the first place, although the category of illegal migrations often requires a criminal legal response in many cases. In the context of Copenhagen school securitization theory, illegal migrations might be considered only as a partial security threat in exposed countries. The threat can be identified in cross-border crime, human trafficking, and smuggling, while connections with terrorism might be established only and strictly in individual cases but not as a general assumption.

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ZANEMARIVANJE I ZLOSTAVLJANJE DJECE U PORODICI

Author(s): Miodrag N. Simović,Mira Spremo / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 6/2021

Negligence and abuse of children in the family is attracting increasing attention from researchers and practitioners. Unfortunately, this is a very widespread problem that permeates the foundations of modern society. Various forms of negligence and abuse of children in the family have been known for centuries, but only in recent times has this problem seriously interested the public and experts. Despite the numerous efforts of various humanitarian organizations around the world fighting child abuse and negligence, the media are more often reporting on increasingly extreme cases in which children become victims of parents, relatives, friends or strangers. On the other hand, in theory and practice, no agreement has yet been reached in defining this problem, nor in the criteria for determining it. Since this field is characterized by difficulties in identification and recognition, it is very difficult to determine the frequency and prevalence of this problem in the general population, and it is lacking in quality. In addition, negligence and abuse of children in the family are associated with the characteristics of parents, children and the environment, which is important for early identification of families at-risk and preventive action. In this context, further work is needed on amore precise definition of this phenomenon and its presence and impact. Up to date researches suggest a possible negative impact of negligence and abuse in childhood on adjustment in different areas of life during childhood as well as in adulthood. However, further research is needed here as well. Generally speaking, research in the area negligence and abuse of children should focus on improving child protection at all levels. In addition to risk and protection factors, as well as consequences, it is necessary to better understand the systems of response to this problem.

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SEKUNDARNA VIKTIMIZACIJA ŽRTAVA NASILJA U PORODICI U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Azra Adžajlić-Dedović,Marina M. Simović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 6/2021

The paper deals with some issues of reform of the system of protection of victims of criminal offenses and especially victims of domestic violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the context of consistent implementation of both the Istanbul Convention and the 2012 European Union Recommendation on minimum protection, support and assistance to victims of crime (PUP, 2012). The starting point are researches that had found that victims of domestic violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina were denied access to justice. Namely, after filing a report on domestic violence, the police can but is not obliged to inform the prosecutor about it - until it gathers enough evidence and assesses that it is a criminal offense. Secondary victimization of victims of domestic violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina is also done through misclassification of domestic violence as a misdemeanor, and not as criminal offense, but also through failure to conduct a criminal investigation in accordance with the law. Marginalization of victims of domestic violence is done through mild punishment of the perpetrators, and through denial of the victim's right to restitution. The victim of domestic violence has the right to be taken care of in a safe house in order to ensure his physical protection and exercise his rights and interests, which may be his secondary revictimization. In this regard, the victim did not violate the law, but the abuser who should be removed from the family home because he endangered the safety of psychophysical integrity of his family members. Therefore, the abuser should be imposed a measure prohibiting approach to the victim, until the verdict is pronounced, but also measures of psychosocial treatment, and, depending on the circumstances of the case, treatment for addiction such as alcohol, drugs and similar.

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NASILJE U PORODICI U MEĐUNARODNOM PRAVU I KRIVIČNOPROCESNI ASPEKTI OVOG NASILJA U BIH

Author(s): Vladimir M. Simović,Miodrag N. Simović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 6/2021

Domestic violence, as a specific social phenomenon, a criminological phenomenon, but also a difficult form of violence, has only recently attracted the attention of the international community, but also of legislators in some countries, as well as the attention of competent state bodies, professionals and the public in general. This is understandable because these are specific, often perfidious, more or less covert forms of physical, psychological, economic, sexual or similar violence between close relatives or persons in a partnership. Nevertheless, it is only at the beginning of this century in Bosnia and Herzegovina that organized social efforts are made to prevent and suppress these forms of illegal, illicit, prohibited behavior between members of the same family or family community, regardless of whether the relationship is based on blood or adoptive relationship. Violence in the family or family community in Bosnia and Herzegovina is regulated by family laws, criminal laws and laws on protection from domestic violence. These legal solutions define the concept, content and characteristics, as well as the forms and types of manifestations of violence in the family or family community, as well as the system of preventive and repressive (criminal and misdemeanor) measures for its prevention and suppression. These provisions are based on a number of relevant international documents.

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DECA KAO ŽRTVE KRIMINALA OD STRANE MALOLETNIKA

Author(s): Gordana Nikolić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 6/2021

Children, unfortunately, as the most sensitive and most damaged category of society, criminally irresponsible, still appear in the role of victims of criminal acts. Although their protection is reflected by the entire society, all subjects of security and legal protection, the statistical and rea data that appear indicate the fact that this most sensitive social category is still "under attack" by many crimes where they appear as their victims. Children, due to their age limit and still insufficiently developed abilities for adequate reassessment, are specific as victims of crimes in the case of adult perpetrators, while minors have a special specificity in committing crimes against children in case they appear as perpetrators. This is supported by the fact that minors and children, due to their close age structure, are more likely to be perpetrators and victims of crime, especially their socializing, extracurricular gatherings, school attendance, etc. in relation to adult perpetrators and children as their potential victims. In that case, it is most often about the so-called "peer violence" as a form of crime between peers. Given that children are criminally irresponsible and not subject to criminal liability, it is ungrateful to analyze this vulnerable category at all from a victim perspective. Since they are in this category, the author deals with this issue, where he analyzes children in the role of victims of crime, as a set of crimes committed by minors, as their close age limits. In addition to the theoretical explanation of the concept of children and juveniles in criminal law, the author uses a statistical method to analyze the prevalence of juvenile delinquency against children in the period of five years in the Republic of Serbia by presenting specific statistics from almost all groups of crimes. Conclusion which acts are most represented in the execution, as well as their dynamics of execution, all with the aim of future prevention of committing acts over this specific social category.

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Survival Strategies of Nigerian Victims of Trafficking in Paris

Author(s): Valeria Zamorano / Language(s): English Issue: 63/2019

Trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation of Nigerian women in France is a phenomenon addressed by the abolitionist movement and national security policies. Both currents have created the category of ideal victim, generating that many Nigerian women have been expelled from the country as illegal migrants or prostitutes guilty of pimping. In this way, this paper presents the difficulties that Nigerian women face and the strategies they develop to remain in France. At the same time, I present my results of an investigation into the racialization interactions and processes that occur within a social assistance association for Nigerian women in situations of sexual exploitation. In conclusion, Nigerian women are not defined based on their trajectories or the identities they build, but instead categories defined by the public policies of victims, pimps and illegal migrants are imposed.

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Cierpienie i pamięć - o transmisji doświadczeń w narracji

Author(s): Irena Szlachcicowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 65/2020

The traumatic experience of war and the Holocaust not only left its mark on the psyche of the people affected by it, it also left a deep imprint on the consciousness of the next generation. The aim of this article is to present the phenomenon of generational transmission of post-war trauma in relation to the concept of trajectory, developed in sociology. The concept of trajectory allows for better examination and understanding of the biographical processes of suffering that arises and grows in the situation of social disorder and the breakdown of moral norms. Tragic experiences from the parents’ past are a significant conditioning of the way children perceive their stories and themselves. Post-memory, as the second generation’s memory created by family narratives, is a form of remembering what has happened, which determines the process of constructing the self.

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Razmjere i posljedice destrukcije demografske slike Mostara, tokom agresije na Bosnu i Hercegovinu 1992–1995.

Author(s): Fikret Bečirović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 87/88/2020

In this paper we will present one part of the research project in relation to the demographic losses of the municipality of Mostar in the 1992-1995 period. When it comes to the demographic losses of Mostar, as well as other areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it must be stressed that the principal aim of the aggression on the Bosnia and Herzegovina was the destruction of the existing heterogeneous demographic structure and the creation of the homogeneous one. That aim was shared by both the Serbian and the Croatian side, as was demonstrated by their actions. Due to that, war destructions, crimes and ethnic cleansing could not be avoided as well as great human casualties, especially those of Bosniak people. Bosniaks were killed in virtually all forms of war destruction, by terrorizing, imprisoning, ethnic cleansing, raping, plundering, mass killings, as well as other war crime activities directed towards full or partial extermination. Besides evident executions, the same effect of mortality was supported by impossible living conditions in the permanent state of anxiety, lack of food, medicine, hygiene and other vital necessities, which was highly reflected in the mortality rate, in comparison to other forms. The most brutal crimes, especially committed against civilians, persecutions and forced relocations (deportations), were the last stage of the ethnic cleansing, which caused great migrations of more than 20.000 refugees, mostly Bosniaks. This was mostly frequent during the hard prison-camp tortures in Mostar and surrounding places of the western Herzegovina. Brutal tortures resulted in a number of miscarriages, sterilities, morbidities, and deep psychological traumas, which have significantly affected the decrease in the population’s natural growth, and which have evidently increased the overall demographic losses, especially of those died of natural causes, which was directly influenced by inhumane conditions.

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Trauma and the Victim Economy

Author(s): Sergey Troitskiy / Language(s): English Issue: 83/2021

The history of the twentieth century is filled with examples of mass murder and destruction of entire nations. Survivors of those traumatic events have horrific memories, which cannot be compared to anything that may happen in the course of an ordinary quiet life. However, coping strategies for overcoming the consequences of such traumatic experience were also developed in the twentieth century. It was made possible by conceptualisation of trauma as a cultural and psychological phenomenon at the level of theory and practice in various sciences. Introduction of this concept into the flesh and blood of modern (popular) culture, or rather its inclusion in the fabric of everyday cultural practices, transformed the concept of trauma into a mechanism of culture. Trauma developed into a concept, as we know it, because it functioned as one of the cultural clichés of the era, according to which economics, politics, science, literature, etc., are built. Of course, mass exterminations of people took place even before the twentieth century; however, they were not interpreted as historical traumas as we interpret them now because, firstly, a sense of distance from the event was not developed, which is characteristic of traumatic interpretation, and, secondly, the narratives corresponded to other cultural clichés (typical of those epochs), which served as the basis for political mechanics, economic processes, etc. This article identifies the main features characterising the functioning of trauma as a cultural mechanism. This objective is achieved by appealing to political economy and Baudrillard’s and Derrida’s critique of the victim order. In this study the term “loss” is used as an umbrella term for various traumatic constructs, such as the victim and the trauma itself. They are characterised as objects of a credit relationship between subjects (both individual and collective), according to which the victim (trauma) construct could be described as a debt obligation that must be fulfilled by paying off a symbolic debt. The study identifies all the acting forces (parties) in the trauma construct, which give form to this construct. The author draws attention to the spatial (topographical) accent of the traumatic narrative, as well as to the necessity of toponymic localisation of the active forces in space.

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RAZINE MENADŽMENTA U POLICIJSKOJ ORGANIZACIJI

Author(s): Krešimir Vencl,Slobodan Jamnić,Mato Pušeljić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

Each organizational structure is multilevel, and the smallest organizations must have more than one level. As a standard, three classic (basic) levels of management are discussed in theory, namely: management at the highest level, also called top management, supreme or main management; management at the middle level of organizational structure, also called middle level managers; and management at the lowest level of organizational structure, first level of management (supervisor), first level management. Every large organization, as are public sector organizations, to which the police organization belongs, generally have more employees than medium-sized organizations in the real sector, has more than three levels of management. The number of levels of management in public legal entities contributes to the high degree of centralization of the organizational structure, i.e. the development of the organizational structure in height. However, even in such organizations there is one highest level of management and one lowest level of management, while the number of middle levels of management increases, that is, in the organizational structure we are talking about higher middle levels and lower middle levels of management. Unlike the real sector, public sector organizations generally have several levels that are not only a product of the size of the organization and a larger number of employees, but also larger number of internal organizational units that are classified as a certain medium level of management. Organizational levels or leadership levels directly affect the number of managers in each organization. Therefore, each level of management determines the price of the product or service of each organization. Although the police are a non-profit organization that is not in the security services market, those who manage the police must use allocated budget optimally.

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A testimony for the future

Author(s): Mitra M. Reljić,Aleksandra Ž. Novakov / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2021

Olivera Radić, The Voices of Kosovo and Metohija. Belgrade: Institute for Textbooks, 2021, 499 pp.

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NASILJE U PORODICI

Author(s): Sabiha Husić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 86/2021

The aim of this article is to draw attention upon domestic violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Domestic violence and providing protection to the victims of domestic violence are issues present in our reality in the last 30 years. Continuous efforts of women activists and practicing women politicians, have brought this social phenomena into the sphere of public discourse which is necessary in order to point out the significance of the interaction of theory and practice and thus to bring about a transformative actions in society. Numerous theoreticians and researchers, both male and female, have attempted to find the reasons for rise of domestic violence, however, to this day there is no a universal theory that explains this complex social phenomenon, its sources and the risk factors that trigger violence within the family system. The article points to different definitions of domestic violence, its varying forms as well as the factors that might initiate or escalate domestic violence but by no means can be considered its cases. International legal standards and local legislation in service of the protection of women victims of domestic violence are stressed here as well as available resources for protection and assistance for the victims which are necessary in order to stop the vicious circle of violence and to encourage healthy family relations ie., healthier sub-system within the micro-system.

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RELIGIJSKO-PEDAGOŠKI POGLEDI NA TJELESNO I EMOCIONALNO ZLOSTAVLJANJE DJECE

Author(s): Dina Sijamhodžić-Nadarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 86/2021

This article analyses religious and pedagogical perspective regarding physical and emotional abuse of children. Disciplinary and sanctioning methods of Qur’an and the Sunnah are analysed here for this purpose, however, bearing in mind characteristics and conditions which imply that these are taken as options only after all the other positive up-bringing approaches and methods like improvement, encouragement and prevention have been exhausted. Theoretical framework and terminology pertaining to disciplinary and sanctioning measures are pointed out here as well. A model of the Messenger’s relation with children in the context of upbringing and corrective measures is presented here as an exemplary, tolerant, empathic, and non-violent upbringing method. The article also demonstrates a pedagogical view of damaging consequences of physical and emotional abuse upon children’s health.

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