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Między polityką a przemilczeniem – pamięć o Zagładzie na Białorusi 1991-2017

Author(s): Roman Romantsov / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The article presents the analysis of the Holocaust in the memory policy in Belarus in 1991-2017. In the paper there was analyzed the policy of the President and Ministry of Education to the Holocaust. The article describes the activities of non-governmental institutions and museums in the protection of the Holocaust memory. The author characterizes how Holocaust memory is reflected in documentary films and contemporary art.

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Obława augustowska – egzemplifikacja traumy wschodniej – na podstawie relacji rodzin ofiar zebranych w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku

Author(s): Barbara Bojaryn-Kazberuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Two months after WW2, in July 1945, the Soviets conducted the biggest military operation against Polish underground resistance – the Augustów Roundup. In districts of north-eastern Poland and parts of Lithuania and Belarus, the Soviet soldiers arrested over 7,000 people. At least 592 of them were murdered and until today it isn’t known where were concealed. This traumatic experience was the ultimate situation for many families of the Roundup victims. During Communist domination, they could not talk about their loss nor express their grief. They lived in terror. Being silent about this extorted by communists crime against humanity prolonged the trauma. We can hear it clearly in victim’s families stories 40 years after this tragic occurrence. It is example of eastern trauma caused by the Communist crimes.

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POSTOJE PORODICE U KOJIMA SE PRAKTIKUJE VJERA I ISTOVREMENO DEŠAVA OZBILJNO NASILJE

Author(s): Elvedin Subašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 86/2021

Analysis and statistics show that domestic violence is a rising problem in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Domestic violence is defined as a crime. However, the actual implementation of this law, detecting the cases within the family as well as the readiness of family members to report the crime, are rising issues. Domestic violence is not restricted to physical violence alone. Tolerating other forms of violence, like psychological, verbal or economic violence, commonly lead to it. Furthermore, the practice of Safe House in Sarajevo shows that faith is not necessarily a factor in preventing domestic violence. Individuals interpret faith in accordance to their own understanding and often manipulate with faith in order to justify violent behaviour in family. In this context it is essential to consider the prospects religious communities in rising the awareness regarding this issue. These are the topic we discussed with Mubera Hodžić-Lemeš who made the problem of domestic violence a subject of her scientific endeavour for many years and is involved in the work with victims as a manager of the Safe House in Sarajevo.

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ISLAMSKI POGLED NA NASILJE U PORODICI – PRISTUP I REALNOST

Author(s): Safija Malkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 86/2021

The Islamic approach to life, in regards to the attitude towards oneself and towards the others, and the Islamic concept of personal and family life imply and require one’s determination and persistence on his path towards good, justice, righteousness, responsibility as well as refraining from transgressing the given limits or violation of the rights of the other person. Violence towards oneself or towards others is alien to all the Islamic principles; thus a Muslim, a man or a woman, are not to engage in any form of violence, that is to say they must not be perpetrators of any form of violence whatsoever. Keeping in mind the role of family in Islam, violence should never be linked to it, and by no means can a Muslim family be a place where violence is witnessed. Regarding the fact that Islam holds domestic violence as an incomprehensible phenomenon, utterly inconsistent with the idea of what the family is, what it symbolises and with what is expected of it, also it is unthinkable that any member of the family behaves violently towards any other of its members even more so to justify those acts by misinterpreting and wrongly translating certain ayahs of the Qur’an or the Sunnah of Muhammeda, a.s. However, if the case of domestic violence still does occur, it is necessary to react, using a multidimensional approach, to help the victim as well as to help the perpetrator realise that he has committed the act of violence and to assist the both during the process of rehabilitation.

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Kamo ideš, Jasmila?

Author(s): Luka Vlaho / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 119/2021

Praviti film o historijski važnom događaju, posebno onom koji nosi težinu sjećanja na ljudsku bol, patnju i stradanja nevinih žrtava, pretpostavlja ogromnu količinu hrabrosti i autorske zrelosti. Hrabrosti će neminovno biti ako autor ima snažnu želju i potrebu snimiti film, a zrelost o kojoj je ovdje riječ, odraz je dosljednosti redateljskog rukopisa prilikom oblikovanja gomile istraženog materijala u filmsku cjelinu, u čvrstu i unikatnu umjetničku viziju.

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Quo vadis, Srbijo?!

Author(s): Darko Juka / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 120-121/2021

Pokrenuo sam Kamo ideš, Aida (Quo vadis, Aida) sa snažnim predrasudama, vođen osobnim poimanjem javnih ispada kontroverzne redateljice i njezinih začuđujuće nedozrelih poimanja stvarnosti ovoga vremena i prostora… Film je brzo rastopio postavljene bedeme, razočarao u odnosu na moje pretpostavke i podsjetio me na petnaest godina stariju Grbavicu iste te Jasmile Žbanić, i na jednako snažne emocije sućutnosti koje oba ostvarenja nezadrživo bude naspram žrtvi, na jednako gušeću bol koju izazivaju prikazane mentalno-tjelesno-duševne disolucije roditelja kojemu ubijaju dijete, ali i, bez osobitih scena sadizma i zločina izbliza, na nekontrolirano buđenje jednako snažne, gotovo psihotične želje za satiranjem sadista nad nemoćnima, zatočenima, golorukima, nad djecom…

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Mila Dragojević, Identiteti u ratu: civilne žrtve u komparativnoj perspektivi

Author(s): Dejan Jović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Dejan Jović - Mila Dragojević, Identiteti u ratu: civilne žrtve u komparativnoj perspektivi, Prijevod: Dalibor Zrno Zagreb: Srednja Europa, 2020., 195 str.

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KRIJUMČARENJE LJUDI U USLOVIMA PANDEMIJE

Author(s): Marjan Marjanović,Milan Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2021

The paper will present the impact of the COVID-19 virus pandemic on people smuggling, which the author observes as a result of the interrelationship between the phenomenon of irregular migration and the smuggling of illegal migrants. The effects of harsher conditions for cross-border movement, as well as restrictive regimes for immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers, were also taken into account. The author pays special attention to the issue of the relationship between pandemic measures and criminal activities of route organizers for people smuggling and their associates. One of the key questions in the paper is whether the rigor of measures to curb the spread of the global COVID-19 virus proactively works to reduce the intensity of illegal migration, to decline the number of potential asylum seekers and to descend the social danger of criminal activities related to smuggling of human beings. The author places the pandemic effect of feeling insecurity as a generator of migratory aspirations, which are exposed to international networks of organized crime, causing the victimization of migrants and an increased frequency of violent criminal activities. As accompanying factors of human smuggling under pandemic conditions, the author especially considers the importance of missing persons on migrant routes and the aggressive criminalization of the basic human need to seek better living and working conditions. Pointing out the connection between global pandemic restrictions on social life, the ways in which people are smuggled and the activities of organized criminal groups to establish, maintain and expand the flow of illegal migration, is the backbone of this paper.

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Sjećanje na genocid u Srebrenici 1995

Author(s): Senadin Lavić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2021

U Bošnjačkom institutu u Sarajevu 8. jula 2010. godine u organizaciji BZK „Preporod“ održan je čas sjećanja na genocid u Srebrenici 1995.-2010. To veče govorili su predsjednik BZK „Preporod“ Senadin Lavić, profesorica Edin Bećirević, profesori Ćazim Sadiković, Šaćir Filandra, Asim Mujkić i Dino Abazović.

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Remembering the 1995 Srebrenica Genocide

Author(s): Senadin Lavić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

At the Bosniak Institute in Sarajevo on July 8, 2010, BZK “Preporod” (“Renaissance”) organized a lecture on remembering the Srebrenica genocide 1995-2010. The speakers that evening were the president of BZK “Preporod” Senadin Lavić and professors Edina Bećirević, Ćazim Sadiković, Šaćir Filandra, Asim Mujkić and Dino Abazović.

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Podcast 2020, Sjećanje na Srebrenicu

Author(s): Aleksandra Bilić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2021

Sredinom ljeta u julu 1995 je za sedmicu dana sistematski ubijeno više od 8000 muškaraca i dječaka u malom bosanskom gradu koji se zove Srebrenica. Untold Killings kroz glasove preživjelih, govori o ne toliko poznatoj priči o genocidu i etničkom čišćenju koje se desilo u samom srcu Europe. To je priča o izdaji, nepravdi i o posljedicama svjetske nezainteresovanosti za etničko čišćenje.

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Podcast 2020, Remembering Srebrenica

Author(s): Aleksandra Bilić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Over the course of a mid-Summer week in July 1995, more than 8,000 men and boys were systematically killed in a small Bosnian town called Srebrenica. Untold Killing tells the little-known story of genocide and ethnic cleansing right in the heart of Europe through the voices of those who survived it. It’s a tale of betrayal, injustice, and what the world’s willful ignorance towards ethnic persecution leads to.

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Воинские захоронения периода Великой Отечественной войны на территории белорусско-латвийско-русского пограничья в советской практике увековечения памяти

Author(s): Alesya Korsak / Language(s): Russian Issue: 34/2021

Using archival materials from the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, the State Archive of Vitebsk region, the Polotsk Zonal State Archive, and the Daugavpils Zonal State Archive of the National Archive of Latvia, as well as published documents of Russian archives and works of historians, this article examines the process of preserving the memory of the fallen soldiers of the Red (Soviet) Army on the territory of the Belarusian-Latvian-Russian border in the post-war Soviet period. The main conclusion is the correctness (incorrectness) of decision making by Soviet authorities at the level of districts and cities in relation to immortalization of the memory of fallen soldiers of the Red (Soviet) Army and partisans. One example of the primary analysis of a common grave in the village of Shevelevo in the Palkinskiy district of the Pskov region. The comparative analysis of the policy of preserving the memory of those who died during the Great Patriotic War, by taking into account military burials and their further memorialization at the Belarusian-Latvian-Russian border in the post-war period, gives us the opportunity to ascertain the specifics of the Soviet republics in this direction. The actions of the Soviet leadership depended on the time of liberation of the territory from the Nazis, as well as the quality of work of the “funeral teams” that were to perform the function of burial of the bodies of the Red (Soviet) Army soldiers after the end of the battle.

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Dziecko jako ofiara namowy do targnięcia się na własne życie – uwagi na tle art. 151 k.k.

Author(s): Róża Kędra-Chmielewska,Oskar Kubacki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35 (3)/2021

The aim of the article is to answer the question whether in the case of inciting a child to a suicidal act he or she is a victim of a crime involving incitement to attempt on one’s own life (Article 151 of the Criminal Code) or rather a tool in the hands of the perpetrator and a murder victim (Article 148(1) of the Criminal Code). First, the article describes the general characteristics of the prohibited act specified in Article 151 of the Criminal Code, i.e. its subject, object, subjective and objective side. Particular attention is given to the trait of “incitement”. The authors wonder whether it should be understood narrowly (only as incitement with the use of words) or perhaps broadly (identifying it with abetting, which characterizes instigation). The authors point out that they are more convinced by the latter view. It is also noticed—in line with the majority view presented in the literature—that it is only possible to incite someone to make an attempt on his life if they understand the meaning of a suicidal act. This is followed by a discussion of the dispute on the issues in question in the scholarly circles. Some authors raise that in the case of inciting a child who cannot recognize the meaning of his own act to take his own life, we should in fact talk about murder. In this case, the child is both a victim and a tool in the hands of the perpetrator. Others, in turn, argue that the behaviour of the perpetrator who incites such a child to commit a suicidal act must be classified as a crime specified in Article 151 of the Criminal Code. The authors find the first view more convincing and thus present arguments in its favour and discuss relevant scholarly writings and commentary. They also assess whether it is possible to set a specific age limit up to which it will be possible to classify the crime in question as incitement to make an attempt on one’s own life, reaching the conclusion that such a limit should not be set, because human development cannot be strictly identified with one’s age. Finally, the authors express an opinion that the provision of Article 151 of the Criminal Code must be amended, because its current wording raises numerous interpretation doubts. An analysis of the law in force is used to formulate these conclusions.

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Współudział w samobójstwie (kwestia dobra prawnego)

Author(s): Mikołaj Małecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35 (3)/2021

The article discusses the issues of justification of criminalization of complicity in another person’s suicide in the context of the protection of the legal interest, which is human life. The author also looks at conditions that validate the functioning of a provision that stipulates criminal liability for complicity in an act whose disposer waives the protection of his own legal interest. It is concluded that a person who attempts on their own life does not attack a legally protected interest, because human life should not be referred to as a legal interest in this person’s relation to their own life. However, human life remains a legal interest in erga omnesa result, it is assumed that criminalization of the offence described in Art. 151 of the Polish Criminal Code cannot be questioned with reference to arguments based on the legal interest. relations, irrespective of whether we refer to a person wanting to annihilate their own life. As

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ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KADINA YÖNELİK AİLE İÇİ ŞİDDET HAKKINDA BİLGİ VE TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Sezer AVCI,Büşra KÜTÜK,Fatma Nur POLAT,Melisa Demir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 52/2021

This research was conducted to examine students' knowledge and attitudes about domestic violence against women. The descriptive study was conducted with 490 students studying at the faculty of health sciences at a foundation university in Gaziantep between December 2019 and January 2020.Data; Data Collection Form and Attitudes Towards Domestic Violence Scale (ATDVS) were applied and collected by face-to-face interview technique. It was determined that the mean age of the students was 21.12±1.90, the majority of them were women (73.3%), and 39.8% of them were exposed to violence. 60.6% of the students stated that mothers were the most exposed to domestic violence, 51.4% stated that the most common type of violence in our country was physical, 29% stated that the reason for violence in the family was jealousy.It was determined that 50.8% of the students stated that their education level affects violence, 74.5% of them stated that women endure violence.It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the department they studied and the most common type of violence in our country, the level of education affecting violence, the effect of violence on women's health, hearing about the Law No. 6284 before and encountering violence (p˂0.05).It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the students' ATDVS score averages and age, gender, and the departments they studied (p˂0.05). It can be said that there are some deficiencies in the level of knowledge of the students about domestic violence against women and their attitudes towards violence are negative.

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MOLESTOWANIE SEKSUALNE I JEGO KOSZTY FINANSOWE DLA GOSPODARKI

Author(s): Baha Kalinowska-Sufinowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2020

The main goal of the paper is to consider the complex and interdisciplinary issue of sexual harassment as a phenomenon in the labour market, in economic terms, with regard to its effects on work and wages. The spatial scope covers Poland, with reference to China, the United Kingdom, Sweden and the US. The time range refers to the years 2007–2018. The hypothesis put forward in the article is as follows: sexual harassment in the workplace contributes to measurable financial costs, the reduction of which could make a real contribution to achieving a higher level of gross domestic product. First, the concept and forms of sexual harassment are outlined, as well as the impact this phenomenon has on the possibility of other types of economic discrimination occurring. The next section presents an analysis of the available results of public opinion surveys on the scope and economic impact of the researched phenomenon in Poland, China and the US. Finally, the deductive and inductive methods for measuring sexual harassment with regard to the UK, Sweden and the US are scrutinised, and attempts are made to estimate the cost of sexual harassment for Poland in 2018.

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Cyberstalking and Cybergrooming as Risks of Communication in Cyberspace and Their Legislative Regulation by Terms in the Slovak Republic

Author(s): Vladimíra Hladíková,Zuzana Mažgútová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper deals with the issue of risk factors of communication in cyberspace with specific emphasis on cyberstalking and cybergrooming and has the character of a theoretical study. The main goal of the paper is to define selected risks of Internet communication, to identify the main characteristics of e-aggressors and to determine the legislative framework of cyberstalking and cybergrooming in the Slovak Republic. The first part of the paper defines the essential theoretical background of the researched phenomena from various approaches of authors. The paper also reflects on the typology of aggressors in cyberspace and fundamental demonstrations by which are these undesirable phenomena determined. In the second part, the authors submit the legislative inclusion of the researched issue and emphasize the importance of media education, preventive activities and projects, which can eliminate dangers associated with communication in cyberspace especially in the context of children users.

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Mrtvi in pogrešani Slovenci v italijanskih oboroženih silah in vojnem ujetništvu med drugo svetovno vojno: izpraševanja o virih, številu, imenih

Author(s): Irena Uršič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2021

In the following contribution, the author analyses the sources and databases of the dead and missing Slovenians who lost their lives as members of the Italian armed forces or as Italian soldiers of Slovenian nationality in war captivity during World War II and afer it. The Slovenian and Italian databases, resulting fom many years of research eforts, represented the primary sources for the author. She underlines the Slovenian national collection Casualties of World War II in Slovenia (titled Fatalities among the Population in the Territory of the Republic of Slovenia During and Immediately afer World War II), created by the researchers fom the Institute of Contemporary History; and the Italian database Banca Dati dei Caduti e Dispersi 2a guerra Mondiale, created by the researchers of the Archive of the General Commissariat for War Graves Care (Commissariato Generale per le Onoranze ai Caduti) of the Italian Ministry of Defence. Almost a hundred years have passed since Slovenians fom the Litoral Region were frst drafed into the Italian armed forces between the world wars. As Slovenians in the Italian Army were among the frst Slovenian casualties of war in the interwar period (in 1935) and during World War II (in 1940), this contribution analyses the current state of the basic lists and sources regarding the fatalities, their numbers and names, as well as examines the possibilities of assisting the victims among the Slovenians mobilised into the Italian armed forces and their families with more detailed lists and by honouring their memory.

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Paolo A. Dossena, Hitler’s Turkestani Soldiers. A History of the 162nd (Turkistan) Infantry Division.

Author(s): Klemen Kocjančić / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2020

Review of: Paolo A. Dossena, Hitler’s Turkestani Soldiers. A History of the 162nd (Turkistan) Infantry Division. Solihull: Helion & Company Limited, 2015, 430 strani. Reviewed by: Klemen Kocjančič.

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