MANAGING OLDER TALENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF AGING SOCIETY

Author(s): Birutė Vilčiauskaitė,Asta Savanevičienė,Valentinas Navickas / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Talents are more important than ever for the successful performance of organizations. The workforce is aging rapidly, and this trend creates both additional challenges for the companies and opportunities for the new directions in the management research. In the context of aging society, there is a lack of studies that analyze career development of older workers and especially older talents. In order to manage talented older employees, companies must reveal and fulfil their expectations and thus further develop their careers. To do so, older talents in later life have the following options: career mobility, workplace mentorship, volunteering, or older entrepreneurship. In order to find what practices are being taken by companies of various business industries in Lithuania to manage older talents, qualitative research strategy was employed. As the main method for the data collection, semi-structured in-depth interviews were adopted. The findings revealed, the majority of the companies support the idea that all their employees are talents, without indicating one particular age group, e.g. older workers. The respondents indicated the most valuable benefits given by the older talents as well as the main challenges that older talents impose in the organization. Older talents have some specific needs in comparison with younger talents, especially in training (which denies one of stereotypes that older workers can't be trained), as well as the need to contribute into the success of the company) and working conditions (e.g. flexibility). When evaluating the practices that are applied specifically to older talents, the most commonly mentioned among the respondents were various mentorship programs.

Структурная динамика занятости населения старшего возраста стран — участниц Евразийского экономического союза

Author(s): Elena Georgievna Kalabina,Maiya Rivelevna Gazizova,Zhibek Khussainova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

Employment of older people can help solve problems arising from the population ageing. The growing demand for such employees creates favourable conditions for the realisation of their resource potential. In order to identify potential sectors for the employment of older workers, the study assesses structural shifts in the labour market by type of economic activity in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It was hypothesised that, despite labour potential differences, the EAEU countries have similar industries characterised by positive trends toward increasing employment of older workers. After identifying these trends, the research classified theoretical approaches to the study of employment opportunities for older adults. The assessment of structural differences in employment by type of economic activity was conducted based on the selected methodology. To quantify changes in the EAEU countries, employment of older workers was analysed using the integral coefficients of structural shifts of Gatev and Ryabtsev. According to statistics on the population employment for 2014–2019, older people of the EAEU countries (except Armenia) can continue to work in real estate transactions, hotels and public catering establishments, as well as in the field of health care and social services. To stimulate the employment of older workers in these areas, state measures, based on the proposed recommendations, can focus on promoting entrepreneurship and expanding the information environment for older people.

Accessibility of TV programs to persons with disabilities

Author(s): Tatjana T. Ćitić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2021

The most modern media systems in television program production and placement have the obligation of ensuring program accessibility to persons with disabilities. While in some countries this obligation is defined through a certain minimum of adapted content, in Serbia there is a set of media laws only indicating the necessity of care for persons with difficulty in following the television program. The basic thesis of this paper is how program accessibility, and thus increased social inclusion through media content, may be improved through the development and greater presence of the existing services (subtitle, sign language, audio-description), as well as through the introduction of new services, based on the capacities offered by digital technology and application of artificial intelligence in content production and placement. The statistics shows that at least one in eighteen persons in Serbia has difficulty in following TV program due to vision or hearing impairment and therefore, in the absence of the tools ensuring accessibility, these persons are unable to get information, education and entertainment from the television program.

Dagmar Gramshammer-Hohl and Oana Hergenröther. (Eds.) Foreign Countries of Old Age: East and Southeast European Perspectives on Aging. Aging Studies, vol. 19. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2021.

Author(s): Daniela Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Yaşlılara Yönelik Sosyal Harcamalar: Türkiye ve AB Karşılaştırması

Author(s): Dilek Akbaş Akdoğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 04/2021

Nowadays, with the improvements in living conditions, the developments in the care and health services provided by the countries, and the advances in the field of medicine, while the human lifespan is increasing, the total fertility rate is decreasing on the other hand. As a result of this situation, the share of the elderly population in the total population is increasing both in Turkey and around the world. This increasing trend makes it necessary for the countries to develop their social policies for the elderly. Depending on the increasing elderly population, the demand for the services provided to the elderly individuals in the society is increasing and at the same time, the needs demanded by the elderly individuals are changing. The aim of the study is to examine the development of social expenditures for the elderly in Turkey and to make a comparative evaluation with EU countries. In 2018, while the share of social expenditures in GDP was 11.9% in Turkey, the average for the EU was 27.9%. Although expenditures for the elderly have the largest share in total social expenditures in Turkey, this rate was limited to 5.9% of GDP for 2018. Social expenditures for the elderly in Turkey have a lower share than in all EU member states except Ireland.

Housing at Third Age – A Multi-Criterial Proposition

Author(s): Violeta Puşcaşu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This paper is part of a series of studies aimed at the issue of the third age, while being a continuation of a research published in the PARS journal, in 2017. Compared to the previous approach, this article comes with a set of criteria in terms of the choice of housing at the third age. The approach based mainly on demographic arguments, involves necessarily social, urban and cultural connotations. The structure of the research includes, in the first part, the theoretical approach to housing for the third age as a challenge that will importantly influence the future public policies, and in the second part, a practical analysis, composed of sets of criteria on housing.

Самота и потребности от социални контакти при хора в напреднала и старческа възраст – потребители на услуги в домашна среда

Author(s): Atanas Genchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The paper presents results from an empirical research, conducted to establish the levels of loneliness and need for social interaction of older people – users of home care services. Provision of home care services for older people in Bulgaria is analyzed in regard to their potential to address the need for social interaction and prevent the feelings of loneliness of older people. In this regard and in conclusion guidelines supporting the work of social workers and careers are outlined.

Population ageing and sustainable fiscal policy in Czechia

Author(s): Kateřina Gawthorpe / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The substantial ageing impact projected by the Eurostat motivates this research for the case of the Czech Republic. The study assists policymakers by analysing fiscal-policy measures to stabilize ageing impact on the income and the well-being; and motivates fiscal authorities to utilize an extended version of the Czech Ministry of Finance model for the demographic agenda. The examined fiscal measures consist of postponing retirement, increasing pensions, and reducing social-security payments. The simulation outcome reveals reducing social-security payments as the only fiscal policy that would maintain both labour income and well-being unaltered in the presence of ageing. The study continues by proposing a policy mix to mitigate the subsequent government deficit. The policy mix consists of increasing the VAT tax rate and decreasing pensions and other transfers. In conclusion, the reduction of the social security payments financed by the suggested policy mix would support individuals' responsibility for their future income while motivating them towards higher productivity during their younger years.

The relationship between art education and the physical and mental health of the elderly in Poland and abroad

Author(s): Krystyna Kacprowska / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2021

The author of the article discusses the impact of artistic activities on the physical and mental health of elderly people. She describes the correlation between music and dance and the well-being and mental development of seniors. Both Poland and other countries organize classes in choreotherapy, art therapy and music therapy to support this social group. The author pays special attention to the functions of artistic activities and their importance for human health. In this article, she presents three forms of therapy for seniors which are organized in Poland and abroad: choreotherapy, art therapy, and music therapy. The article also includes descriptions of government programmes designed to support active older adults.

Apostolstwo Dobrej Śmierci – duszpasterstwo, formacja, działalność wydawnicza i naukowa

Author(s): Bogdan Kulik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2021

The article is a detailed analysis of activity of the Apostolate of Good Death, written to show specific ways of proclamation of Christian hope for eternal life. That issue has been raised on the grounds of COVID-19 pandemic, which showed the need of constant reminding of human's eternal life dimension. The study of the Apostolate`s activity focuces on its main forms and shows a major role of the Apostolate in popularizing estachological mentality, during and after the pandemic.

Age Management in the Brazilian Context: A Theoretical Discussion

Author(s): Mayara Andresa Pires da Silva,Diogo Henrique Helal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The aging of population and workforce has significantly impacted living conditions in society and organizations around the world. This scenario represents a challenge for public policymakers and for the labor market, whose future depends on the maintenance of the work capacity of the older workers and their continued participation in the labour market. In this context, age management policies are increasingly important as they play a crucial role in increasing and sustaining the participation of these workers in the labor market. This theoretical essay aims to discuss age management in the Brazilian context. Specifically, it seeks to present the concept of age management and its challenges for the organizations in Brazil. Age management has been defined as the best way to strategically deal with the changes resulting from the aging of the population and consequent changes in the labor market. We argue, in this study, that the phenomenon of aging has specific characteristics in Brazil, a country with a collectivist trait in which intergenerational affective-moral-financial responsibility is the main issue.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Monica Angela Bara / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2022

Elderly people live real dramas because of their exclusion from social and economic life, but mostly because on several occasions they are abandoned in their old age by their own children. Moreover, once they grow older these people start confronting various health problem sand need the help of someone else almost permanently.Thus, they become dependent, experiencing strong feelings of frustration, insecurity,because of lack of control over their own lives, impatience, anger, when the care is in appropriate, guilt towards the caretaker.The activities which have taken place up to the present in favors of elderly people were sporadic and without results, and concerning abandoned, isolated, and sick old people, they were practically inexistent. The elderly has difficulties in maintaining normal living standards because of economic problems which led to the apparition of an aggravating state of poverty among them

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Author(s): Plamen Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Perceptions Concerning Social and Healthcare Services among Romanian Older Persons

Author(s): Mihaela Ghenţa,Aniela Matei,Elen-Silvana Bobârnat / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Social exclusion, especially social exclusion in old age, represents an area of interest at European level, in the context of demographic transformations. At national level, studies and research on social exclusion in old age are scarce, although the older population is more likely to be at risk of social exclusion. The article presents the results of a quantitative research methodology based on a questionnaire applied to older people of age 65 years and over. The research was conducted during November - December 2021 and the survey was representative at national level with a margin of error of ±3.5%. The aim of this article is to analyse the perceptions of older persons regarding the access and quality of social and healthcare services accessed, and thus, to gain a better understanding on how these types of services could contribute to social inclusion. Data interpretation was made using techniques of descriptive statistical analysis. Results emphasize that access to social and healthcare services are essential in old age. Perceptions of older persons highlight the need for structural changes at national level, so that social and healthcare services could make a real contribution to reducing social exclusion.

Mortality Patterns in Romania 2000-2015: Infant Mortality, Adult Mortality and Causes of Death

Author(s): Qiyao Pan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This study documents the recent mortality patterns of Romanian population between 2000 and 2015. Despite the increasing life expectancy at birth, Romania is still witnessing one of the highest infant death rates and tuberculosis death rates in the EU. Based on the internationally available World Health Organization mortality database, this study focuses on three aspects of mortality data: infant mortality, adult mortality, and causes of death, using age-specific decompositions and multiple-decrement life tables. Results show disparities among age groups by sex in a fifteen-year period. The infant mortality and tuberculosis mortality have decreased significantly, yet tuberculosis remains a major death cause among young population. Mortality rates attributable to behavioural factors have been increasing. Moreover, there is an unusually high mortality rate among the 1986-1990 cohorts. These findings shed light on the health conditions in Romania before and after its accession to the European Union

Fear during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Mihai Pascaru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study will present some results of an on-line survey conducted by the author on a sample of 1640 subjects. The analysis of the results from the perspective of fear determinants during COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that being a less educated, older (but not over 70 years), social-network-informed, widow, living in a rural area, may result in an increased level of fear. Direct experience with the virus does not result in significant differences in fear level according to our findings. The impact analysis of fear on attitudinal compliance revealed that higher levels of fear may result in higher levels of compliance with preventive measures and in more willingness to get vaccinated.

Nadějné vyhlídky? Péče o starší z perspektivy osob pečujících ve formální péči

Author(s): Hana Maříková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2019

In the elderly care system in the Czech Republic as well as in other European countries, there is a trend towards commodification, marketization, decentralization and pluralization of care. In this system the status of seniors and also those who care has changed by introducing the care allowance as a tool of direct payments. While the consequences of introducing a new model of elderly care were mapped (at least partially) from the perspective of informal carers, no analysis has been done from the perspective of formal cares targeted by this article. The analysis of experience, perception and reflection of the elderly care system from the perspective of formal carers employed in organizations providing home care or residential care in different regions of the Czech Republic is based on 27 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2016−2017. The article focuses mainly on answering these questions: How formal carers perceive and evaluate their working conditions? What do they consider “good care“? What type of care do they prefer for their old age? Their perspective reveals some unintended consequences of the elderly care system in the segment of formal care, as well as the possibilities of its development towards care they consider “good care“.

Vybrané rozdíly v kvalitě života českých seniorů ve městě a na venkově

Author(s): Lucie Vidovićová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2018

The paper presents an analysis of the rural-urban divide in terms of the quality of life of older people in the Czech Republic. The results aim to contribute to the debate about whether the countryside or the city is the better place to grow old. In public discourse, the term "rural" is often equated with conservativism, boredom, uniformity, deprivation, ageing, social exclusion, and underdeveloped services. In contrast, cities are stereotypically conceived as progressive, growing, rich, fast-paced, but also anonymous and dangerous. These aspects can influence the perceived quality of life of older respondents to varying degrees. The study uses two data sets representative of the senior urban (n = 1921) and rural (n = 1235) populations over 60 years of age. Forty-six indicators are divided into eight dimensions of quality of life: family and friend relationships, emotional well-being, material well-being, health, economic and public activities, place attachment, personal safety, and mobility. In more than one third of the indicators monitored, cities and villages show approximately the same values, while in 20 % of the indicators cities appear to provide more favorable conditions with respect to quality of life at higher age; however, in 43 % of indicators, rural areas appear to provide more favorable conditions than cities. Rural seniors in the Czech Republic are subjectively healthier, have higher incomes and lower housing costs, have better relationships in their neighborhoods, and feel safer and slightly more included. Urban seniors benefit from better transport infrastructure and opportunities for culturally productive activities, which can be a function of their generally higher education. In the discussion, we draw attention to the “deficient“ approach of selected policies to living conditions in villages, these treating villages more as “cities in the making“ and putting greater moral value on the urban features of life. By doing so, they disregard “person-environment fit“ principles which reflect the congruence between the individual and his or her living space.

Effects of Economic Freedom on Subjective Well-Being

Author(s): Alexandra Cristina Sirbu,Andreea-Oana Iacobuţă-Mihăiță,Mircea Asandului,Madalina-Maria Brezuleanu / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2023

Are people more likely to be satisfied with their lives if they had freedom from regulations, if they had the ability to trade freely internationally? In light of the demographic aging phenomenon we are facing, the present study analyzes the relationship between economic freedom and life satisfaction among European older adults. In order to do so, we are using data from the European Health, Ageing, and Retirement Survey and Economic Freedom of the World. By using the ordered logit regression method, we estimated different models to identify how sub-indicators of economic freedom affect the subjective well-being. According to the findings, the quality of the institutions that define the legal system and establish rules for the protection of private property and sound monetary policy have a positive effect on subjective well-being. On the other hand, openness to international trade has a negative effect and government and regulation doesn’t show any significance.

Inkluzja społeczna osób z niepełnosprawnościami w Polsce z perspektywy prawa, badaczy społecznych i społeczeństwa polskiego

Author(s): Anna Daszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39 (3)/2022

The aim of this article is to show the state of social inclusion of people with disabilities in Poland through the prism of legal acts, opinions of social researchers and Polish society. This research paper was prepared on the basis of an analysis of the content of legal regulations, sociological literature and CBOS reports from 2000-2021. The investigation of the materials collected allowed for the formulation of three basic conclusions. Firstly, despite the existence of many legal regulations concerning people with disabilities, both social researchers and the public have pointed to the fact that social inclusion of people with disabilities in Poland requires further improvements. Secondly, social researchers claim that the definition of disability contained in the 1997 Act on Vocational and Social Rehabilitation is contrary to international regulations and the new approach to disability. In order to achieve more effective inclusion of people with disabilities, a change in Poland’s social policy is recommended, with a shift from a protective to a supportive model of assistance. Thirdly, in the light of public opinion polls, there has been a positive change over 21 years in the social awareness of Poles towards people with disabilities. This article is divided into four parts. The first part introduces basic concepts of social inclusion of people with disabilities. The second part presents the problem of social inclusion in the light of legal acts. The third part introduces the issue of inclusion from the point of view of social researchers. In the fourth part, CBOS opinion polls on the issue of inclusion of people with disabilities in Poland are presented. Finally, conclusions are drawn, in which the collected material is analysed. The article additionally features a summary and a references section.