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Experiences of Older People in the COVID-19 Process towards Stigmatization and Anxiety: A Qualitative Study

Author(s): Nuray Şimşek,Eda Albayrak,Yurdagül Selvi,Oktay Bektas / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2022

The aim of the study is to investigate the experiences of elderly individuals regarding stigma and anxiety during the COVID 19 pandemic. This study is a study conducted with a hermeneutic approach, one of the qualitative methods and phenomenology models. After obtaining ethical permission, the document and interview data of 10 elderly individuals selected through criterion sampling were analyzed with descriptive analysis. Findings consist of a theme, seven categories and forty-eight codes. Participants emphasized that the pandemic process caused anxiety and that they felt stigmatized in this process. The participants stated that the lethality of the COVID 19 disease and the high rate of transmission caused them anxiety. In addition, they stated that the restrictive measures taken for the elderly made them feel like a source of illness and this caused them to feel stigmatized. In conclusion, it was observed that the participants had high anxiety and stigmatized feelings in this process. They stated that they pay attention to the mask, distance and hygiene rules, which are the methods of protection from the virus, to cope with anxiety, and that they have a spiritual orientation. However, they did not have any statements about the feelings of anxiety and stigmatization they experienced in this process to share with their relatives or health workers and to get help. Accordingly, it is thought that it would be beneficial for healthcare professionals working with elderly individuals to encourage these individuals to share their feelings. In addition, healthcare professionals should take part in activities to raise awareness of the community about the COVID 19 process and the measures taken to prevent stigma.

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IZAZOVI U OČUVANJU MENTALNOG ZDRAVLJA OSOBA STARIJE ŽIVOTNE DOBI

Author(s): Miodrag N. Simović,Jelena Kuprešanin / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 8/2023

Protection and improvement of health is a universal human right, however, its full realization primarily depends on the resources of each country and available and quality health care. Preservation of the mental health of the population is imperative in the creation of public policies, but also a prerequisite for the preservation and functioning of any healthy society. Various crises caused by internal and external factors additionally contribute to increasing the risk of endangering the overall health of individuals, families and society as a whole, while simultaneously pointing to the importance and role of protective factors. The increasing presence of alienation in society impairs mental health, affects productivity and the success of dealing with everyday stress. The mental and physical health of the elderly population is particularly sensitive and endangered, and its preservation needs to be approached systematically, planned and continuously. Professionals in the field of care for the elderly as a problem often highlight the risk of stigmatization and discrimination of people with mental health disorders. The process of accelerated aging of the population, the mutual correlation of physical and mental health, the need for preventive programs, the degree of quality of family relationships and the environment are just some of the numerous factors that can have negative implications on overall health. The aforementioned can be mitigated by the joint action of different systems and professionals, by strengthening families, as well as by intensifying regional and international cooperation in the field of health policies. The future brings numerous health, but also social and economic challenges

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Mládí a stáří jako kulturně konstruované tělesné identity případ české vývojové psychologie druhé poloviny 20. století

Author(s): Josef Řídký / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2016

In this study, youth and old age are viewed as culturally constructed physical identities, whereby the main focus is on the ways in which their representation was constructed within the discourse of Czech developmental psychology of the second half of the 20th century. The investigation is framed by the introduction of the term corpus, by which the author tries to highlight the specific nature of these physical identities. Corpus is defined by three groups of characteristics: it forms an inventory of characteristic qualities; it locates identity as something original in the human body; it treats the particular identities as separate animal species. On the axis of these groups, it turns out that developmental psychology disqualifies both youth and old age in favour of the dominant identity of adulthood. While youth has an adult body at its disposal, lack of experience and excessive emotivity make it questionable and it is perceived that they require control so as not to threaten a development into a future adult. Old age, on the other hand, is disqualified by weakness of the body and overabundance of experience, which turn it into a mere caricature of a former adult. Both identities are thus subjected to a symbolic adultocentrism.

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Co-production Practices in Public Social Services during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period. An Example from Centers for Older Adults Organized under the Polish Government’s Multiannual Program “Senior+”

Author(s): Grzegorz Gawron / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The continuing COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting our health and other aspects of our lives — work, family life, and contact with others. Everyday functioning has changed completely. The threat of the pandemic has forced us to develop new everyday practices, including co-producing services in conditions of minimal direct contact. The article aims to present co-production practices in public social services during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The discussion is based on the results of nationwide research conducted in Poland among formal organizers of services in local centers for older adults organized under the government’s multiannual program “Senior+” (155 from 772 centers throughout Poland). The author distinguished three primary forms of the older people co-production (Elementary, Individual, and Collective) filled with various service practices during the COVID-19 lockdown period.

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Обучение в ходене с помощни средства – рискове и сигурност за пациента

Author(s): Atanas Drumev,Danelina Vacheva,Iskra Tsankova Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5s/2023

Impaired locomotor activity changes the dynamic stereotype of each person, and this leads to significant changes in daily life related to maintaining personal hygiene, performing household activities, social contacts and skills and habits at work. Building a new motor habit carries the main characteristics of a pedagogical process with in-depth knowledge of the basic principles and methods of training, knowledge and practical skills for performing a given motor act, but it also has its own specifics of motor training. The new motor habit for walking with aids must guarantee the safety of the patient, consistent with his individual functional capabilities for its formation. The purpose of this article is to formulate methodological guidelines for overcoming the risk factors in learning to walk with aids, guaranteeing the safety of the patient with impaired locomotion. Material and methods. Patients who have impaired or difficult locomotion, which can be a result of hip or knee arthroplasty; post-fracture conditions; soft tissue damage; central or peripheral motor neuron damage; femoral or lower leg amputation. Results and discussion. The emphasis in the development of a methodology for training patients in walking with aids is the formulation of methodological guidelines from the point of view of the safety for the patient and the reduction of the risk of trauma during training (fall), considering the peculiarities of the characteristic of the main phases for building a new motor habit (generalization, concentration, automation).Conclusion. Compliance with the methodical instructions in training in walking with aids ensures the cyclical construction of a new motor habit and minimizes the influence of risk factors.

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Investigation of Aged Individuals in the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake in Turkey

Author(s): Gül KADAN,Rıdvan KÜÇÜKALİ / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2023

Aged individuals, who are among the vulnerable individuals in society, constitute an important group that should be protected and protected. The underlying reason for this can be thought of as the physiological and psychological states of aged individuals. Under these considerations, it was aimed to determine what happened in the earthquake disaster, which was the epicenter of Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık and Elbistan on February 6, 2023, under the opinions of aged individuals. Phenomenological case design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The study was conducted with 300 individuals over the age of 300 who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. 58.3% of the individuals participating in the research are male and 41.7% are female. 100% of them have encountered a disaster at some point in their lives, and 50% of these disasters have been pandemics. In the study, the data were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. At the end of the research, it was found that aged individuals were most anxious (n=300) and experienced anxiety (n=178), constantly watching television or reading the newspaper (n=180); In the 6 February earthquake, it was determined that they experienced the highest rate of willingness to help (n=300) and fear (n=290) and that they constantly watched television (n=300). In line with the results obtained from the research, it can be suggested that psychosocial support mechanisms should be effectively presented in the face of disasters, especially for older individuals.

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MANIFESTATIONS OF COPING MECHANISMS ACCORDING TO COGNITIVE SCHEMES IN THE ELDERLY

Author(s): Monica Andreea Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

The analysis approach aims to identify the psychological profiles of subjects with early maladaptive cognitive schemes, in conjunction with coping mechanisms, has examined 174 older people after 65 years old. Young schemas questionnaire and SACS coping mechanism questionnaire are used for collecting information, also Independent sample T Test is used for analyzing data. Thus, five such profiles were identified, based on the categories of cognitive schemes.

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Uwarunkowania demograficzne i wybrane konsekwencje społeczne kurczenia się miast województwa zachodniopomorskiego

Author(s): Iwona Jażewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2023

The issue of the demographic shrinking of cities appeared in Polish literature at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries and has become an extremely important research problem, since the processof shrinking cities affects social, economic and spatial transformations along with the environmentalprotection offered by cities. The aim of this study is to present demographic conditions and indicate,using selected examples, the social consequences of the shrinking of cities in the West PomeranianVoivodeship, with particular emphasis on demographic aging, care for the elderly, challenges forthe education system and housing issues. To collect factual material, the desk research methodwas used, and applied to statistical data. The statistical material came from official public statisticsdatabases, i.e. the Local Data Bank and the Dermographia database, as well as the Family and SocialWelfare Branch of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship Office. Non-reactive methods were also usedto analyze documents and reports, while, based on a library query, a literature review was carriedout in the context of the research.The research clearly shows that the growing social problems in the cities of the West PomeranianVoivodeship have demographic conditions. The decline in the urban population is the result ofa natural decline in population and the growing negative migration rate. As a consequence, the vastmajority of cities represent a regressive type of population, with a downward trend of inhabitantscontinuing until 2050. The causes behind the depopulation of cities in the West PomeranianVoivodeship can be traced to changes in the lifestyle of young people and, above all, conservativereproductive attitudes, as well as the growing outflow of people from cities to suburban areas andforeign economic migration.The demographic shrinking of cities was reflected in the area of social consequences. Thedepopulation of cities leads to the demographic aging of residents, which is associated with theneed to provide care for the elderly. As the research shows, there is an increasing interest in theinstitutionalized forms of activity, as evidenced by the growing number of social welfare homesand the number of elderly people covered by care services. Another important consequence of thedemographic shrinking of the regional cities is the problem of education in the West PomeranianVoivodeship. The decreasing number of children and young people is becoming a challenge for localauthorities, which, due to the rising costs of maintaining schools, must decide to limit the numberof educational institutions. Having your own apartment is extremely important from a social pointof view, but unfortunately, even in the demographically shrinking West Pomeranian cities, there isstill a housing deficit, even though the number of newly completed buildings and apartments showsupward trends and the number of uninhabited apartments is increasing.To sum up, contemporary demographic changes in West Pomeranian cities indicate the pro-cesses of demographic shrinkage of cities, which will certainly contribute to the accumulation ofsocial consequences. Cities, in the face of contemporary reality, face the challenge of preparing newstrategic and planning documents with a new vision of city development.

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Политическите мерки като път за подобряване качеството на живот на възрастното население

Author(s): Valentina Milenkova,Albena Nakova-Manolova,Karamfil Manolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article is focused on mapping different policies and programs aimed at the elderly population, as well as the incentive for inclusion in these programs. The review of different policies aimed to achieve harmonization and complement the opportunities for the conducting of personal careers, and better quality of life. The consequences of population aging in Bulgarian conditions lead to various changes in the labor market. In this context the policies themselves aim not only to include elderly people in the labor market but also to ensure economic growth, thereby creating the prerequisites for social support and assistance. The overall vision of the article is to provide an overview of the political map in which the various institutional practices stimulate the elderly population to increase their education and qualification as one of the ways of active living. The article uses the results of a representative survey of the 55+ population regarding its participation in various forms of continuing education and qualification. Our understanding is that labor market participation has two important consequences for older people. On the one hand, it is related to the provision of material income and good living conditions, and on the other hand, it has positive consequences affecting the psychological confidence and self-confidence of the elderly that they are useful to society. All this in its entirety shows various aspects related to the quality of life of people in the third age.

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PSIHOSOCIJALNE DETERMINANTE OBJEKTIVNIH I SUBJEKTIVNIH POKAZATELJA USPJEŠNOGA STARENJA

Author(s): Ivana Tucak Junaković,Neala Ambrosi-Randić,Ivana Macuka / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2023

Research into possible determinants of successful ageing is continuously growing, due to the increase in the proportion of old people in the general population, as well as the important practical implications that it has. However, the role of various psychosocial factors in the process of successful ageing is still not sufficiently clarified. The main goal of this study was to examine the contribution of a group of psychosocial factors (optimism, resilience, generativity, adaptation to the ageing process, social support and the frequency of social contacts) to successful ageing. The twofactor model of Pruchno et al. (2010) was used to measure the concept of successful ageing. The model includes the subjective and objective components of successful ageing. The research data were collected on a sample of 790 elderly and old men and women aged between 65 and 98 years. The results of hierarchical regression analyses have shown that the best predictors of subjective and objective indicators of successful ageing were age and psychological traits and resources (optimism, resilience, and good adaptation to changes in the ageing process). The applied value of these results can be found in the identification of factors that contribute to successful ageing and the quality of life of older people.

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Neformalni negovatelji starijih u Srbiji - ka prepoznavanju formalnog statusa?

Author(s): Marta Sjeničić,Marko Milenković,Sofija Nikolić Popadić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Informal carer is any person who provides care – usually for no remuneration – to another person with chronic illness, disability or other long-lasting care. Informal carers are completely unrecognized in the legal system of RS. Consequently, there is no official data in Serbia on the number of informal carers. There are numerous aspects of informal care that are challenging. Their work-life balance is affected, which in turn may affect their ability to participate in the labour market and maintain social life. This may further lead to social exclusion and risk of poverty. Finally, health and well-being of informal carers may also be affected. COVID-19 crisis painfully revealed the fundamental flaws in the care system and weakness in lack of the regulated approach in providing informal care. It turned out that older persons were greatly dependant on informal carers, due to the COVID crisis and measures undertaken. By using limited available data on informal care in Serbia and looking into comparative examples on position of informal careers, the article seeks to offer proposals for the new model for improving the position of informal care givers in Serbia, when it comes to elderly population in the forefront. By reviewing the literature, one can come up with various recommendations for future interventions in the field of informal caregivers’ work and long-term care, which is increasingly necessary with the aging of the population. The status of informal caregivers should be improved by their formal recognition in the care system for the elderly. When drafting the regulations, it is necessary to rely on the EU Directive on the balance between work and private life, with the aim of improving the balance between work and private life of informal caregivers and better access to the labour market. In addition to passing specific regulations in the field of elderly care and the position of informal caregivers, it is necessary to introduce their regular training. This way, caregivers would acquire adequate knowledge and support, in order to respond to the task of caring for the elderly, while preserving their own well-being. The position of informal caregivers would be significantly improved by the development of sustainable community services for elderly, as well as support services for the caregivers themselves. Furthermore, it is important to focus on informal caregivers who are most burdened, which, according to research, are women and caregivers of people with dementia.

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What is ‘Soviet’ about Soviet Ageing?

Author(s): Daniela Koleva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This book explores ageing in the Soviet Union from different perspectives: in the context of scientific, educational, and media discourses, in terms of social care and urbanism, and from gender and generational standpoints. In addition, Soviet ageing is in-novatively placed in a broader context. The volume is the result of a collaborative and interdisciplinary effort of researchers with deep and long-standing interest in Soviet history, as well as researchers who reside in the countries of the former Soviet Union.

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Framing of Information, Psychological Distance, and Belief in Health Related Information under Time Pressure in Older Adults

Author(s): Vita Mikuličiūtė,Vytautas Jurkuvėnas,Viktorija Ivleva,Antanas Kairys,Vilmantė Pakalniškienė / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The time of pandemics could be described by the overflow of health-related news in media, but also the rise of researches concerning it. However, there is still a lack of information about message characteristics which effect belief in it, besides older people are underrepresented in these studies. Belief in fake news is especially dangerous for older people, not only because fake news usually promotes dangerous behavior (e.g. do not seek COVID-19 vaccination), but also because older people are the ones who are most likely to share fake news on social media in such way helping to spread them. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of information framing and psychological distance on belief in health-related information under time pressure in older adults. Study was based on representable sample of 50 years and older Lithuanians. In total 505 participants took part in the study. 200 (30.6 %) were men, 305 (60.4%) were women. Participants ranged in age from 50 to 94 with the mean age of 66.27 (SD = 11.24). Study was a between-subject design experiment. Belief in health-related news information served as a dependent variable, Framing of Information and Psychological Distance as independent variables, also age, gender and education were control variables. Participants were presented with eight fake and eight true news headlines about vaccination and COVID-19 in the form of social media posts for 7 seconds and had to evaluate their belief in these headlines. Results indicate, that neither psychological distance (country of living vs. other EU country), nor information framing (positive vs. negative) have any influence on overall belief in health-related information in older adults. Even though gender and education were not related to overall belief in news, a significant positive correlation between age and belief in health-related information was found. Our research prove that older people become more truth biased with age.

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Overlooked and Undeserving: Older People in Narratives of Return in Post-1989 East Germany

Author(s): Maren Hachmeister / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2024

The German right-wing populist party “Alternative for Germany” (AfD) opposes diverse family lifestyles by promoting the return to a family model of father, mother, and children. This “Narrative of Return” paves the way for the party’s anti-gender, anti-childlessness, and anti-immigration agendas. This article examines how narratives about families as promoted by the AfD reflect or address experiences of the post-socialist transformation in East Germany. It turns out that Narratives of Return (NoR) overlook the elderly as acting individuals and disregard the ways they engage with their families and how they continue to organize their lives autonomously in old age. NoR instead depict older people as an anonymous group of supposedly undeserving pensioners, who benefit from society and family without having any function in them. However, discourses on care for the family can be traced down to a micro-level that confirms how care for the family is, in fact, care for older people. The article presents two selected life stories of advanced-age East Germans to substantiate this claim. The life stories reveal that older people themselves believe in various notions of family, despite being served with NoR in the recent past. Experiences in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) even seem to prevent older people from again falling for totalizing schemes that order and prescribe uniform (family) experience. Consequently, it is not to be expected that NoR will succeed in closing discourses on care for the family easily.

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OLD AGE SOCIAL EXCLUSION: FROM DATA TO AGE-FRIENDLY POLICIES

Author(s): Diana-Alexandra DUMITRESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

International Conference, University of Bucharest, Online, AMASE October 22, 2021.

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Hodnocení potřeb pacientů v paliativní péči na hematoonkologické klinice

Author(s): Tereza Langerová,Kateřina Horáčková,Pavlína Paseková,Oldřich Hošek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2024

This article deals with the assessment of patients’ needs in palliative care in a haemato-oncology clinic. The research aimed to use a standardized PNAP questionnaire (Patients’ Needs Assessment in Palliative Care) to determine the crucial needs of patients in haematology and oncology clinics, and also to reveal areas where patients might suffer from a lack of care. The research identifies specific underserved areas and suggests actions and proposals to address them. Furthermore, the paper concludes with a comparison of selected patient needs between wards to detect whether a ward provides a lower quality of end-of-life care.

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Is mental health a burning health issue for Indian elderly?

Author(s): Moumita Maity,Barun Mukhopadhyay / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

One of the important public health issues worldwide is the rise of higher proportion of older aged with advancement of medicine, prolonged life expectancy and for improved health care facilities. Demographic projections suggest that mental illness along with heart diseases, AIDS and cancer will account for the top four illnesses around the globe very soon. It ranks up at the top along with heart disease, cancer, obesity, AIDS and injuries as leading causes of suffering. Increased longevity of elderly led to higher prevalence of age related neurological disorder like depression, anxiety and so on. In view of this, main objective of the paper is to evaluate the level of depression and anxiety among the rural and urban Indian elderly aged 65years to 79years and their possible sociodemographic correlates. Severity in depression and anxiety level is found to be significantly higher among rural males and females in comparison to their urban counterparts. The result of logistic regression analysis indicates that several socio-demographic covariates are the significant predictor of depression and anxiety occurrence. It can be inferred from the present study that rural population is in more vulnerable condition than urban elderly in depression and anxiety prevalence.

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Addiction, mental health and dual pathology in geriatrics

Author(s): Bruno De Lema Larre / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2015

The mental pathology is not “trending topic” in any forum, prejudices, clichés and destitution by society, forge this a very murky issue, as scientific evidence about it. If addiction is added and the pose in geriatric patients had a total “TABU” Substance abuse at age 50, will be extended to geriatric ages, a tsunami is approaching. Only in the United States and Canada it is estimated that 2.8million over 50years with addiction and that by 2020 will be about 5.7million.1 These figures are opaque. Experts talk about this problem is underestimated. If it is clear that these 2.8million that have not yet reached retirement age, pass shortly geriatric ages and there is the problem of tackling complex. What forced this situation? A demand for services involving detoxification and very probably psychic and active therapy and intensive monitoring of these patients, a reality, coupled to a portion of those suffering from dual pathology (addiction + mental illness). Those public systems can not address this problem and are private insurance, who must consider the situation in planning their “healthcare management in geriatrics”. Definitely these needs, involves changes in the coverage of health insurance policies, and increased staff and center for these patients in the acute phase and monitoring of chronically with extremely high costs. So determine where we stand currently allow, guide management strategies in such a situation.

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TOWARDS A MORE DEMOCRATIC FORUM: SOURCE ANALYSIS OF NEWS REPORTING ON OLDER PEOPLE'S PROBLEMS IN DELO DURING THE SLOVENIAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS FROM 2004 TO 2018

Author(s): Otto Gerdina,Sinja Gerdina / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

While an increasing number of studies provide important insights into media construction of old age, the structure of news sources is seldom examined. The latter is especially important in democratic societies, during election years, when people elect representatives who tackle older people's social problems. Using content analysis, we examined the source structure of news articles reporting on older people's problems in the Slovenian newspaper Delo in five sequential parliamentary election years from 2004 to 2018. The findings showed that news coverage was predominantly constructed by elite sources rarely including representatives of older people. This characteristic strengthens the surveillance function of Delo but undermines its role as a democratic forum. However, during the last three observed election years, Delo's news reporting showed signs of transitioning towards a more democratic forum, which holds potential for fostering older people's civic inclusion.

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Differences in adjustment to retirement in the elderly regarding the level and type of social activity intensity

Author(s): Želimir Bertić,Dijana Babić,Ana Žepina Puzić,Valentina Košćak,Vilma Kolarić,Mirjana Telebuh / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2024

How much the growth of elderly population will be a part of the demographic change in the society will certainly depend on the readiness of the society to accept changes in the demographic structure. One of the changes occurring simultaneously with the increase of the number of elderly people is the increase of the number of pensioners. To enable the current and future pensioners to achieve a successful adjustment to retirement, as well as a higher quality of life, it is necessary to conduct research aiming at a better understanding of this complex process. The purpose of this research was to establish differences in adjustment to retirement in the elderly regarding self-assessment of their social activity intensity. The survey was conducted in May and June 2021. 134 respondents aged over 65 living in their own households took part in the survey. Differences in adjustment to retirement in the elderly based on a self-assessment of one’s social activity intensity were analysed according to Atchley’s Adjustment to Retirement Model (2004). The obtained results indicate a necessity for elderly people to engage in social interaction in the community by taking part in social activities. The results also suggest that there is a positive impact of social interaction on the adjustment to retirement.

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