We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
People live in “collective relationships of harm and vulnerability”. This social-theoretical concept focuses on the fact that people interact as vulnerable subjects and subjects capable of violence whose vulnerability, solidified in dispositions, may be considered the result of violence sustained and inflicted in historical constellations. Following an outline of psycho-analytical research results, the author presents the concept of transgenerational transmission of serious (traumatic) injuries and emphasizes the importance of enactments as a special form of unconscious actional retrospection in social situations. It is argued and illustrated that these and other traces of collective violence – even those dating back to the early centuries – are eminently manifest in modern immigration societies (e. g. in interactions with political refugees). From a normative perspective, the author advocates a heightened sensibility towards harm that presupposes a differentiated concept of violence that also includes symbolical and psychological forms. After giving a short explanation of two modes of symbolical and psychological injury that are important in migration societies – “dyspresentation” and certain forms of omission, namely silence –, the author finally discusses the ‘danger’ of promoting a dubious “tribunalization” of psycho-social realities through an increasing (scientific) sensitization for relationships of harm and vulnerability.
More...
The successful implementation of the activities under the recently launched initiative Re-socialization of offenders in the EU: enhancing the role of the civil society (RE-SOC) depends on the expanded knowledge of the prison systems in the participating countries. Therefore, a separate set of activities is dedicated to the collection, analysis and systematization of the available information and tailoring it to the specificities of the other initiative activities. To facilitate this process a Methodology for data collection and analysis was developed, which includes the following components: (1) list of issues to be covered; (2) recommended sources to be consulted and relevant international standards; (3) methodological guidelines on how to collect, analyze and present information; (4) glossary of terms; and (5) language and style requirements. The developed methodology will be used for analyzing the information collected for several EU Member States. The analysis will aim to answer specific questions related to the prison system: structure and legal framework of the penitentiary system, prison capacity, number and structure of the prison population, etc. The results of the analysis will be summarized in country background papers.
More...
The publication analyses the regulation of the right of defence in Bulgaria and explores the principle of equality of the parties in the pre-trial phase. For the purposes of the study the authors present the system of judicial and investigative bodies as well as the most important characteristics of the criminal proceedings, in particular of the pre-trial proceedings. The study discusses the rights of the defence counsels and their procedural role and outlines a number of problems that attorneys face in defending their clients during the criminal proceedings.
More...
The current publication analyses the findings of the survey on public trust in Bulgarian police and courts, including personal assessments about the level of corruption in these institutions and the subjective perceptions of fear of crime. Two main factors are moulding the public trust: the state institutions’ effectiveness, their procedural justice and their distributive fairness towards citizens, as well as institutions’ legitimacy, the legality of their actions and the shared moral principles, which build up the obligation to respect the rules and the decisions of these institutions. The publication suggests that Bulgaria should introduce a system of indicators for assessing the public trust in the criminal justice system. These indicators would be instrumental for the more comprehensive definition of the problems, which criminal justice institutions face, and for more effective monitoring of public opinion fluctuations.
More...
The aim of the article is to indicate some of the axiological problems faced by the legislator in the law-making process. They are clearly visible in those legal regulations that are introduced in response to crisis situations. The presented example – terrorist attack by hijacking a plane – is not only used to demonstrate dilemmas which in this situation must be settled by the legislator preparing relevant legal provisions, but it is also a pretext for enriching the discussion on the axiological aspect of the law. The article focuses on the so-called natural helplessness of law in axiological matters, law inflation and the problem of responsibility. The author concludes that issues indicated in the article cannot be solved in the light of current Constitutional Court’s judgements, which are treated as a reference point of the discussed issues. The aim of the article is to indicate some of the axiological problems faced by the legislator in the law-making process. They are clearly visible in those legal regulations that are introduced in response to crisis situations. The presented example – terrorist attack by hijacking a plane – is not only used to demonstrate dilemmas which in this situation must be settled by the legislator preparing relevant legal provisions, but it is also a pretext for enriching the discussion on the axiological aspect of the law. The article focuses on the so-called natural helplessness of law in axiological matters, law inflation and the problem of responsibility. The author concludes that issues indicated in the article cannot be solved in the light of current Constitutional Court’s judgements, which are treated as a reference point of the discussed issues.
More...
Individual conduct involves the orientation of actions in a certain way by making a decision. The attempt to establish the unique and appropriate purpose of the action is based on the intention to achieve that goal, followed by the elaboration of the mental plan for the realization of the action. In the deliberation, certain processes are underway to investigate the conditions for carrying out the criminal activity, assessing its effects in the objective reality. Following the analysis of the meanings, the reasons and the purpose pursued, the mental plan for the concrete realization of the criminal activity is finalized by making the decision to commit the crime. Finalizing the decision is followed by its execution to achieve the goal pursued, the aggressor using is hull psychophysical ability, knowledge, skills and ability in adopting a method of action. The manifestation of will is realized when the individual acts knowingly, even if the purpose of his actions coincides with the interests and needs of others. The guilt appears to be a force contrary to the manifestation of freedom of each individual, considered as the original behavioral form of any collectivity that opposes block of opposite behavior.
More...
On 22 March, Nadiya Savchenko, a Ukrainian servicewoman was sentenced to 22 years in prison by a court in the Russian city of Donetsk, after being convicted of directing artillery fire to kill two journalists in eastern Ukraine during the hostilities in June 2014, during the course of the “War in Donbass”. The defendant of the case had earlier been captured by separatist forces and taken over to Russian territory by force. Not surprisingly, the Ukrainian government has stated that they would never accept the verdict as legitimate, expressing strong criticism towards the procedure and Russia in general. Other countries have also expressed their disdain, though employing much less harsh wordings. For example the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs has also issued a statement on the situation, demanding the release of Nadiya Savchenko, but it has appealed to humanitarian reasons, and has only carefully mentioned Russia’s „international commitments”, mainly referring to the 2015 Minsk agreement, which had been concluded by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France and Germany, assisted by the OSCE to work out and uphold a ceasefire.
More...
A juvenile detention centre is commonly associated with a prison for under-age offenders, a place of detention for dangerous juvenile delinquents. This volume abolishes this stereotype. It shows juvenile delinquents through the prism of their tragic family histories and psychological and social deficits they manifest; most importantly, however, it demonstrates the wide range and comprehensiveness of social rehabilitation programmes offered by juvenile detention centres and shelters. It provides a description of thematically arranged programmes applied by social rehabilitation staff, including those connected with leisure time (e.g., canoeing, windsurfing, and biking camps), animal care (animal-assisted therapy), theatre, music, arts, sociotherapy, promotion of family life (e.g., baby manikin care training), voluntary social work (e.g., with juvenile offenders taking care of disabled children), and many others. The volume is addressed both to practitioners (as a resource book with detailed activities plans) and to scholars/theoreticians (psychologists, social rehabilitation academic teachers, and students who take psychology and/or social rehabilitation pedagogy as their majors).
More...
Typologies are important in providing greater detail to what is meant by the concept of transnational organized crime. It is clear from the overview of the groups the wide variety ofstructures, activities and potential outcomes that are encompassed by the concept. The identification of different types provides more detail in this respect providing a clear picture of what is entailed by the phenomenon of transnational organized crime. The identification of a series of typologies has important policy implications for law enforcement agencies. Different strategies of law enforcement must be used in confronting different types of organized crime groups. Identification of typologies may provide a useful tool for law enforcement professionals.
More...
This publication is the output of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia’s activity over the third year of the implementation of the project “Prevention of Torture: Support to the Rehabilitation of Victims of Torture” realized with the assistance of the European Commission – European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights. Apart from the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, this three-year project includes Bulgarian, Hungarian, Macedonian, Polish and Russian Helsinki committees, as well as the International Helsinki Federation. At regional level, the project aims at preventing torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in detention facilities (police stations, prisons, psychiatric institutions, etc.), encouraging non-governmental organizations to monitor overall conditions in these institutions and at exerting pressure on national governments to make it possible for the nongovernmental sector to conduct these fact-finding missions. [...]
More...
Cooperating or betraying – what pays off more? Are you able not to overeat if you eat from a shared plate? Are you saving up for retirement? What is the point of forgiving? How many grandchildren do unfaithful women have? Is evolution going forward? The first volume of Munice popular science series provides an unusual insight into game theory. It focuses on one of the most interesting problems of the interdisciplinary field: the prisoner’s dilemma. Fresh and swift, it explains its principles with the help of many original pictures and schemes.
More...
The subject of research in this article is the phenomenon of cyberbullying. The aim of the study is to show how the victim can bring his attacker to criminal liability. The most common types of cyberbullying, as well as statistics of identified crimes from individual articles of the Criminal, Civil, and Civil Code articles, were also discussed. In addition, the article is to indicate the problem of the inadequacy of the code provisions for new types of crime. The research methods used include the analysis of existing data. The article is an attempt to categorize forms of cyberbullying and to organize terminology. The article may be the basis for further detailed research on the phenomenon of cyberbullying.
More...
The aim of this article is to illustrate how deeply digitisation is entering the process of managing migration in the EU. It raises the question of the stage of development of existing and new tools in this area. Against the background of the processes of digitalisation and strengthening the internal security of the Schengen area, using an analysis of the sources of European Union law, the modernisation of the three main systems used in EU migration policy will be presented: SIS II, VIS, Eurodac and 3 new systems: EES, ETIAS, ECRIS-TCN. Their development has accelerated in the last few years, as the migration crisis of 2015-2016 has highlighted the need to fill the security gaps by integrating these systems. The use of large-scale computer base is therefore a challenge to ensuring security in the EU, but it raises the question of the pace and scale of change and its impact on the protection of personal data.
More...
As parents, we often ignore the many problems that adolescents face, believing that it always happens to other children, and that it will never happen to us. Unfortunately, today we are increasingly dealing with the consequences of such problems. That is why identifying a problem is as important as solving it. One of the raising problems of Bosnian society is the delinquent behavior of young people, which is becoming a symbol of growing up in a dysfunctional society, and a subculture that is increasingly accepted by young people. Violent behavior, criminal acts, the need to be in the company of older criminals, drugs and alcohol consumption, dropping out of regular schooling are just some of the accompanying phenomena of delinquent behavior of young people. The disturbed value system and the anomie of society create ideal conditions for the development of behavioral disorders of children and young people. Juvenile delinquency is a phenomenon that is the result of inadequate socialization, upbringing and growing up conditions of the child. However, when it happens, it is necessary to apply the most effective educational measures in order to suppress and correct such behavior. In some situations when certain procedures and educational measures did not give positive results or when serious criminal offenses were committed, juveniles are sent to a correctional facility and juvenile prison. Such institutions seek to resocialize juvenile offenders, to change their criminal attitudes and behavior, build an acceptable value system, complete primary education and vocational training, as well as build work habits and develop certain competencies and social skills.This scientific monograph represents the desire of the author with rich experience in working with juvenile delinquents to transfer his knowledge to students who are being educated for one of the helping professions. The book gives a scientific perception of how to re-educate minors, and what are the procedures and stages in working with them. This book is actually, to a large extent, a combination of pedagogy and law, but also of numerous other social sciences that deal with this issue. In addition to the legal framework on criminal sanctions imposed on juveniles, a pedagogical overview of the role and importance of re-educational treatment on which the success of re-socialization of juveniles depends is given.
More...
Modern societies are associated with the constant flow and acceptance of information and communication technologies at home, in the workplace, in the process of education, even in recreational activities. The development of new technologies has not only challenged human rights, but also politics and society in general. Even more importantly, this new technological level has also empowered transnational corporations operating in the digital environment as hosting providers to perform quasi-public functions in the transnational context. New technologies have the potential to make significant positive contributions to the prevention, promotion, and protection of human rights and democratization, decentralization, and digitalization of politics and the advancement of society as a whole.
More...
In order to create a better society, due importance must be given to persons deprived of their liberty, in the sense of changing their behavior, so that in the end they no longer commit antisocial acts. As a result, the necessary attention must be paid to the development of appropriate educational and social programs, as well as to places of detention. Thus, as we will show below, the architecture of the penitentiary should be different, both inside and out. We cannot achieve the expected resocialization if we do not adapt the construction of detention units and educational programs to a positive purpose and not to a punitive one.
More...
This monograph is a sociopedagogical study of the experience of parents of prisoners. In analyzing the issue of family crisis in prison, I looked at the perspective of fathers and mothers of incarcerated sons. In my analysis I used the biographical method, as proposed by such researchers as Fritz Schütze or Tom Wengraf. The main aim of this study was to identify the ways in which the subjects define their own life experiences. I was interested in the process of assigning meanings to various life events. Within the obtained narrations I recognized remedial and adaptation strategies undertaken by parents of prisoners. The results of the analysis allow me to answer the question: how do family members cope with the experience of imprisonment and how do they construct their own identity in the face of this event? The study consists of three main parts. Part I is a theoretical and methodological introduction to the research context. Part II is the author's study of the problem (description of the results of the analyses devoted directly to the experiences of the parents of prisoners). Part III is a kind of summary of methodological dilemmas and the process of conducting interviews.
More...
Goli otok je mjesto obilježeno represijom jugoslavenskog komunističkog režima nad tisućama pojedinaca koji su na otoku bili zatočeni. Negostoljubivi i nenaseljeni otok između Raba i Senja predstavlja jedno od simbolički najvažnijih mjesta u suvremenoj povijesti Hrvatske, odnosno bivše Jugoslavije. No od nekadašnjeg logora, kasnije zatvora na Golom otoku, ostale su tek derutne i devastirane zgrade po kojima zimi pasu ovce, a ljeti šetaju turisti u potrazi za iskustvom “jadranskog Alcatraza” koje im prodaju turističke agencije i lokalni brodari. Iako su za Goli otok gotovi svi u Hrvatskoj čuli, rijetki o njemu mogu reći više od nekoliko smislenih rečenica. Jedan od važnijih razloga ovog nesrazmjera je i donedavni manjak širokoobuhvatnih znanstvenih istraživanja Golog otoka. Objavom knjige “Povijest Golog otoka” dr. Martina Previšića početkom 2019. godine učinjen je veliki iskorak u znanstvenom istraživanju ove važne teme. No Previšićeva knjiga od šestotinjak stranica svojim opsegom uvelike nadilazi potrebe za informiranjem prosječnog posjetitelja, odnosno šire javnosti.
More...