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The Oldest Traditions of Dance

Author(s): Martina Pavlicová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the realm of intangible phenomena in traditional culture, thoughts about autochthony can be directed towards dance, even though the study of this subject in historic periods isa complicated problem in ethnochoreology. There are very few historic documents about dance, and the ones that doexist provide only partial information, which does not enable many concrete conclusions about this comprehensive cultural phenomenon.

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External Influences

Author(s): Roman Doušek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The early 20th century brought a new perspective in the study of folk culture. The Swiss folklorist Eduard Hoffmann-Krayer (1864–1936) was one of the first representatives of this change when he pointed out that “folk does not produce, it reproduces”. The German folklorist Hans Naumann (1886–1951) in particular evolved this thesis into a theory about decayed cultural values.

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Changes and Differentiations in the Organization of Handmade Production

Author(s): Daniel Drápala / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In terms of how the rural and small-town populations earned their livelihood, the repeated penetration by external impetuses can be observed in the example of the organization of handmade production. The natural process of technological improvements (whether this was gradual or in leaps) blended with other economic and social factors, innovations, fashion, and the discovery of wider sale territories.

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Carpathian-style Clothing

Author(s): Alena Křížová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The cut of basic garments is a crucial elementin folk costumes. The garments makeup an ensemble whose major features are identified with the inhabitants in a large territory, despite their ethnicity and regional or state borders. The Carpathian-style clothing was worn in the territory of the Carpathian Mountains, stretching from Romania across Ukraine, Poland, and Slovakia to Eastern Moravia.

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Peddlery

Author(s): Daniel Drápala / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The principles of cultural integrity can be recognized in the operation of some specific professions as well. During the 18th century, there was a gradual increase in the volume of clerical work dealing with peddlery, especially peddling trade, in Central Europe. The state administration and the bureaucratic apparatus of lower degrees simply responded to the fact that villages and towns were visited nearly daily by peddlers offering goods or services.

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BÖLÜM IV TARİH, SANAT ve GÖÇ - Çerkes Sürgününü Müzik ve Dans Eşliğinde Yeniden Düşünmek

Author(s): Sümeyye Aydın / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Göç tecrübesi esnasında insanların gelenek ve kültürel dünyalarından ayrı koyamadıkları şeylerden biri de müzik ve dans pratikleridir. Toplumlar kendi müzik dünyalarını kültürel unsurlarla sıkıca örülmüş bir halde inşa ederler. Bu durumda müziğin toplumsal olanı şekillendiren birçok işlevinin yanı sıra aynı zamanda o topluluğa aidiyeti ifade eden bir “anlatı” oluşturduğu ifade edilebilir. Öyle ki bu anlatı sayesinde insanlar bir araya gelebilir, bir şeyler paylaşabilir ve hayatları boyunca ters giden şeyler karşısında birçok şeye “yeniden” başlayabilirler. Bu anlamda göç kavramının özellikle yersiz yurtsuzluğu, arada kalmışlığı anımsatan anlam dünyasına karşılık müzik insanlar için bir tür ortak bir anlam dünyasının anlatısına dönüşmektedir. Böylece göç ve müzik arasındaki ilişkide özellikle müzik, geleneğin taşınması, dönüştürülmesi ve canlı bir pratik olarak güncellenmesi noktasında temel bir anlam dünyasının üretilmesinde ve pratik hale getirilmesinde kritik bir yerde durmaktadır.

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Алтернативните образователни методи и ролята на етнолога в тях по примера на един проект в село Аспарухово

Author(s): Svoboda Stoeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper describes some methods and ideas that could lead to a better understanding of the “other” and the “otherness” if applied in the school system. The fiеld is a school project from 2012 named “Asparuhovo – Future for the Folklore World”. Almost every year since 2008, children from the National High School for Humanitarian Sciences and Arts “Konstantin Preslavski” (city of Varna) visit Asparuhovo. The main idea of the project is to create a bridge between generations and cultures. Every year the children have specific topics, ideas and aims during their stay there. Most of them are related to traditional problems of Ethnology, such as “how to understand others and the values of otherness?”, “how to communicate with people that are very different from us?”, “how to gather information, how to analyze and realize it?” etc. M.A. students from the Ethnology department of the University of Plovdiv have been invited to help the participants in the project. This article describes the approach that we, in our role as “trainers” use to give the children a better understanding of different problems in the field.

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Културологичният модус на храната

Author(s): Tencho Derekyuvliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The research observes the culturological image of food as a derivative of meanings that belong to the realms of Anthropology, Ethnology and Ethnography. The aspect of Bulgarian traditional culture interprets the ethnocultural significance as well as the functions of the concepts such as: ritual cuisine, feast, bread, traditional folklore wedding, meals and eating. Additionally, the research focuses on some semiotic characteristics of these concepts.

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Savremena porodica i tradicija

Author(s): Merima Čamo / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Porodica kao jedna od najstarijih i najznačajnijih odgojnih snaga u društvu, koja uspješno i dosljedno obavlja reprodukciju ljudskog karaktera kakve zahtijeva društveni život, dugo je bila otok smiraja usred turbulencija izazvanih agensima socijalne dinamike. Kada o porodici promišljamo na kolokvijalnoj razini, nerijetko ovaj primarni model naše svakodnevnice koji živimo, u kojem učestvujemo, koji stvaramo i čiji smo ravnopravni članovi svodimo na općeprihvaćenu neophodnost, bezupitnost, samorazumljivost i sveprisutnost.

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Analyse des personnages de contes comme culturèmes et unités de traduction

Author(s): Alina Pelea / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

As part of a more extensive research on the cultural aspects of the translation of folktales, our paper tackles the issue of folktales characters’ names from the perspective of their status as culturemes and translation units. We identify here a series of cultural and linguistic features. Their role is to highlight the full meaning of these names and thus provide a relevant tool both for the translator and the researcher undertaking descriptive translation studies. Our suggested analysis model is completed by examples of translation from Romanian into French.

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Proizvođenje Stare Srbije: stopama putopisca, tragom folklora

Author(s): Srđan Atanasovski / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In this paper I analyse the travelogues from Old Serbia, which were a developed literary genre in Serbia at the end of the long nineteenth century, as a mechanism of vindicating the territorial claims of the discourse of Serbian nationalism. In the period when the portrayed lands were under Ottoman rule and deemed inaccessible to most of the Serbian population, which regarded them as the core of their national territory, these travelogues were unique way for the public to gain first-hand information about these lands. After a brief historical overview of the development of the genre, I analyse the literary mechanism through which these lands were efficiently labeled as Serbian. I particularly discuss the importance of scientific data copiously provided in the travelogues, on the issues of languages, customs, etc.

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COMPARISON OF TONGUE TWISTERS IN CZECH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES

Author(s): Lenka Rozboudová,Evgeniia Korneeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of Czech and Russian tongue twisters in terms of their content and structure. The initial part of the article provides a general description of a tongue twister as a part of children’s folklore. The main part focuses on specific similarities and differences of tongue twisters related to their structure and content and offers tongue twisters for practicing individual sounds in Czech and Russian.

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Leoš Janáček a jeho kompoziční metoda neofolklorismu K 90. výročí úmrtí skladatele

Author(s): Miloš Schnierer / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper follows the means that formed Janáček´s originál compositional technique. It comes from the environment of Janáček´s birthplace (Hukvaldy), its dialect and musical folklore. He follows Janáček as a collector of moravian folklore, studying tunes and rhytmhs of speach. Based on the harmoniously harmonic features of folklor and builds its style in shaping the view of the structure and concept of opera as a musically dramatic work. Hence his radical neofolklorism applicable to stage and concert works, which promarily do not contain the charakteristic features of the creative folklore orientation.

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Folk Song in Czech Schools: A Challenge for Music Education and Ethnomusicology

Author(s): Judita Kučerová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The authoress bases her paper on a belief in the values of the Czech traditional folk music, representing an organic part of the national culture and the need for the presentation this heritage at schools. In the historical section, it deals with development of the care of musically-folklore heritage at schools on territory of the Czech Republic, from the end of the 19th century to the present. This development has affected different personalities of the artistic, scientific and educational sphere. Part of the treatise is Janáček´s approach to the folk songs in teaching process. In the area of presenting folklore heritage to the youth is necessary the cooperation between music educators and ethnomusicologists. The results of research and edition activities of ethnomusicologists might help music pedagogy. The author gives examples of musically-educational and cultural practice in the field of folklore heritage presentation to the youth and possibilities of interdisciplinary cooperation. She bases on historical sources and current researches at schools.

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SROVNÁNÍ POSTAV ZE SLOVANSKÝCH MÝTŮ A LEGEND S IDENTICKÝMI POSTAVAMI V LITERATUŘE FANTASY

Author(s): Lucie Fiurášková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This article deals with characters from Slavonic, predominantly Czech, legends that occur in texts of contemporary fantasy writers. The comparision is made between individual characters and their actions in legends and in contemporary texts. The similarities and differences between them are, subsequently, laid out. The changes characters have to undergo in order to become fantasy heroes and modern versions of themselves are mapped out as well.

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Креативност в създаването и развитието на предприемаческата дейност чрез български фолклор

Author(s): Slavina Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Creative sectors are among the most dynamically developing during the last few years. They lead to many issues to be solved and need improvisation when making decisions. They lead to innovation. Our diverse folklore gives us forgotten decisions that refract through the entrepreneur's individual personality. Today, the most popular entrepreneurs are those who work in the field of creative sectors. The names of Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, Michael Jackson, Madonna, and many others are famous all around the world. Every creative entrepreneur should have his or her personality skills in order to develop, improve and manage their business the right way. A typical example of creating a business, based on folklore knowledge, is Hristo Dimitrov’s project, a creator and producer of The National Folklore Ensemble “Bulgare”.

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POHREBY A POSMRTNÉ PREDSTAVY

Author(s): Terézia Hegerová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Pohrebné rituály (sānglǐ 丧礼) bývajú v Číne chápané viacerými spôsobmi či už ako najdôležitejšie rituály spadajúce pod kult predkov, ako rituály reprezentujúce smrť, alebo ako prechodové rituály medzi terajším a posmrtným životom. V Číne je téma smrti tabu, o umieraní sa nehovorí a o smrti samotnej sa hovorieva v eufemizmoch. Nakoľko Číňania veria, že v celom vesmíre musí byť nastolená rovnováha a harmónia, či už sa jedná o vnútorné záležitosti jednotlivcov alebo sociálne interakcie vo všeobecnosti, kládol sa v Číne na pohrebné rituály veľký dôraz. Smrť totižto reprezentovala narušenie rovnováhy vesmíru a pohrebné rituály napomáhali k znovuobnoveniu rádu. Okrem toho boli pohreby a správne vykonané pohrebné rituály považované aj za znak synovskej oddanosti. Zle prevedené obrady mohli uvaliť hanbu ba dokonca aj nešťastie na celú rodinu. Akt venovania rakve deťmi rodičom bol taktiež chápaný ako prejav synovskej oddanosti, ktorý robil rodičov šťastnými. Na pohreby sa muselo šetriť dopredu, pretože boli finančne nákladné a ich cieľom bolo predovšetkým ukázať prestíž a oddanosť rodu. Okrem uctenia si zomretého však slúžili pohreby aj ako príležitosť na utuženie vzťahov v rodine, keďže sa pri nich stretávala celá rodina.

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DOMÁCÍ BOŽSTVA

Author(s): Zuzana Russeová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Posvátno hrálo roli v tradiční čínské kultuře už od nepaměti. Souznění čínského myšlení a značné dávky pragmatismu vede Číňany k využití veškerých cest a prostředků vedoucích k vytouženému cíli – tedy k harmonickému a spokojenému životu rodiny, potažmo i jednotlivce. K dosažení tohoto cíle je mimo jiné zapotřebí přispění božstev na nebesích i v záhrobí, duší předků i vnitřní substance předmětů, které má každý Číňan denně kolem sebe. Tradiční čínský světonázor je kombinací nejstarších kosmologických představ, kultu předků, konfuciánství, taoismu, buddhismu i materialismu. Toto vše se po staletí vzájemně mísilo a doplňovalo o další složky, čímž vznikla synkretická víra, označovaná jako „čínské lidové náboženství“

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Problematika sýpky v teoretických projektech realizovaných na přelomu 30. a 40. let 20. století (s přihlédnutím k Domažlicku)

Author(s): Dana Motyčková,Kateřina Sedlická / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Ethnographical Commission at the Czech Academy of Science and Art was established to utilize effectively the government grant on behalf of the Czech folk culture, especially the Czech folk architecture and folk songs. It worked from 1941 until 1946. With its activities and financial subsidies, it helped bridge the period of protectorate, not propitious for ethnography. In its work, it took into consideration the needs of ethnography in the wide sense of the word, as well as the social aspects. The proposals arisen from two architectural contests of the Ministry of Education were probably the first ones that solved the issue of new construction of farmhouses, taking into consideration the needs of farmhouses of different sizes; as well, they adopted a responsible approach to regional needs, including the outside appearance of the buildings. Because of the development of architecture in the Czech countryside, the above events placed high demands mainly on how to assert and link together the novelties with traditional processes in construction of the village and small-town house. One of the assessment criteria included a requirement for the previous study of local architecture in the field and the corresponding literature. The period of protectorate as well as the following short period of after-war renewal did not allow to use the submitted proposals in practice. The results of the subsequent Survey Action were used neither at that time, nor later. However, they retain a lot of important information for the study of folk architecture, because in many places they captured the last moments of existing traditional housing, especially the wooden one.

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Kresebná dokumentace sýpek v muzejních fondech

Author(s): Lubomír Procházka / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of the contribution is to highlight the documentary funds related to folk architecture in the regions of Chodsko and Pošumaví, stored at the Chodsko Museum in Domažlice and the Dr. Hostaš Local History Museum in Klatovy. Václav Kohout (1904–1984) was one of the most significant authors of folk architecture documentation in the district of Domažlice, especially that of the house from the region of Chodsko. The author devoted himself to documentary work as early as since the second half of the 1930s when a voluminous set of surveys, aquarelles and drawings evolved, which is stored at the Chodsko Museum in Domažlice. V. Kohout paid his highest attention to document the development of the hearth and especially the open-hearth kitchen. His aquarelles document the timbered house from the region of Chodsko, which had been gradually provided with masonry since the second half of the 18th century.

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