Autobiografija u kontekstu

Author(s): Gordana Gorunović / Language(s): Serbian

This is an essay-book whose subject matter focuses on group identity, individuality and subjective consciousness within one particular traditional socio-cultural environment (Orahovac village in the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro), which has undergone radical changes in the course of time, especially in the period following the Second World War, and at the same time managed to adapt and survive. The first two parts of the book provide descriptions and interpretations of the context, both from a wider historical and a narrower ethnographic perspective (for the period preceding and immediately after the Second World War), while the third part is dedicated to the memoirist text written by a member of the studied local community in the late 20th century, who was the key informant in the ethnographic research. It is about the way in which a real person, a "common woman", who had been socialized/enculturated in a patriarchal rural environment, understands her own life “in between historical and personal time ", and seeks to transpose that knowledge into an (auto)narrative and an "autobiography about others", a text which also speaks about other people and other times in this local community. The title itself, "Autobiography of a Woman from Orahovac" is an evocation of the relative reference point which is Didara: Life Story of a Woman from Prizren (Malešević 2004). Herein I outlined an interpretative framework: autobiography vs. life story, and autobiography as self-portrait (William Howarth’s concept) for the reading of the text of the key informant, which is edited and published for the first time as a personal source for history and ethnography.

Пјевање уз гусле

Author(s): Dimitrije Golemovic / Language(s): Serbian

POZANAUKOWE FASCYNACJE INNOŚCIĄ KULTUROWĄ. POLSKI RUCH PRZYJACIÓŁ INDIAN

Author(s): Ewa Szczecińska-Musielak / Language(s): Polish

We współczesnym świecie, także w Polsce, coraz więcej osób szuka dla siebie drogi życia dalekiej od kulturowego mainstreamu czy masowej konsumpcji. Jedną z takich dróg jest eksplorowanie i poznawanie - nie tylko intelektualne, lecz także duchowe - innych kultur. Ta książka to antropologiczna i socjologiczna analiza polskich indianistów. Czego indianiści szukają w kulturach Indian obu Ameryk? Czy są takie elementy w duchowości i wierzeniach Indian, które mogą być przejęte przez Polaków, Europejczyków żyjących w XXI wieku?Czy możliwe jest życie w dwu światach naraz? To także pytania o to, czego możemy się nauczyć od Innego,w jakim stopniu możliwa jest głęboka komunikacja i wymiana między kulturami.

Нематеријално наслеђе. Нова реалност и изазов културне баштине

Author(s): Dragana Rusalić / Language(s): English

Смех на погребу. Антички грчки погребни ритуал у родној и антрополошкој перспективи

Author(s): Lada Stevanović / Language(s): English

Између култура Истока и Запада

Author(s): Dragana Radojičić / Language(s): Serbian

Обичаји животног циклуса у градској средини

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Serbian

Света структура. Трагање за јединственом основом културних феномена

Author(s): Ivica R. Todorović / Language(s): Serbian

The necessity of studying the universality of widespread codes (structures, patterns, systems) in the second half of the 20th century was especially accentuated in the works of French anthropologist, Claude Levi-Strauss. The founding idea of Levi-Strauss is the that the human brain systematically processes organized, that is, structured units of information that combine and recombine to create models that sometimes explain the world, but also sometimes suggest imaginary alternatives, and sometimes give tools with which to operate in it. The task is not to account for why a culture takes a particular form, but to understand and illustrate the principles of organization that underlie the onward process of transformation that occurs as carriers of the culture solve problems that are either practical or purely intellectual. This perspective extended well into numerous variants of natural as well as social sciences and humanities. The perspective required an emphasis on multidisciplinary approach, along with elaboration of certain methodologies; however, these requirements somewhat slowed down the development of the perspective, at least in the standard scientific circles, still dominated, at the time, by ideas of specific specialization. In time, a need to unify the separated pieces of the reality became more and more obvious, calling for an application to perceive our reality in a different light. Closely related with these and similar understandings/priorities, this book discusses the question of existence of related structural and semantic patterns in different cultural phenomena. Furthermore, the book presents comparisons between the existences of specific harmonious-symmetrical patterns with analogous structures within the most important natural phenomena. The conclusion brought about is that there is a unique structure within the basis of key phenomena of cultural and natural realities. This conclusion is supported by many examples (ranging from linguistic and logical structures, to elaborated systems of Biblical numbers and the unique system of chemical elements, etc.). Furthermore, this kind of approach allows studies of cultural contexts to be extended far and away from limited borders determined by the approach lacking multidisciplinary perspective, which, thus, does not allow a perception of the whole. The existence of related and identical structural patterns in various phenomena has allowed an attempt to reconstruct a unique system of cultural elements, i.e., a construction of direct and well defined model that incorporates the most significant elements. A road towards the reconstruction of the unique system framework is pawed by the works of many authors (Claude Levi-Strauss, V. Prop, M. Eliade, A.Van Gennep, V.N. Toporov, C.G. Jung, B. Malinowski etc.), who have attempted to summarize multiple levels of various aspects within phenomenon of culture into simple and enclosed structural frame. In addition, if we take into account my own direct findings (about reconstruction of primary linguistic and logical models and primary mythical frame), along with appropriate modification of the system emphasized by the others, we achieve real conditions to perceive a possibility of existence of a unique system, which brings together individual elements/ subsystems. This kind of research - displaced until today in ethnology/ anthropology - directly reassess the dominant patterns in scientific paradigm, and discusses the existing, specific structural foundations of the cultural reality as a whole, thus allowing a better insight into essences of social occurrences.

Kultury obrazu – tabu – edukacja

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The texts comprised in the collection have been focused not so much […] on the taboo as on the complex reflection on the evolution of this concept. The authors refer to the understanding of the tabooization compliant with the traditional anthropology dictionary, wherein the meaning of what is forbidden is referenced to the very source of traditional culture (the activity that strengthens social bonds, performs functions integrating the collectivity) and the transformation of taboos that takes place in contemporary mediated cultures under the influence of high technology, the spread of modern communication techniques and related socio-cultural phenomena (liquefaction of identity, unification, secularization). In these texts one may find reflections referring to the phenomenon of the existence of the areas of the commonality of the experience of primitive and contemporary cultures (myths, rituals, social norms - foundations of the symbolic order), however there are more examples pointing to fundamental differences that confirm the thesis that the taboo as an anthropological category functions today in a little different way than it used to do previously, and above all it is subject to inevitable dynamization. a fragment of the "Introduction"

Значење српских бајки

Author(s): Dragana Antonijević / Language(s): Serbian

Although world literature has thoroughly studded fairy tales, this cannot be said for the ones that are a part of Serbian folk creativeness. Partly dealt with in our folkloristic, they have remained, in general, out of the domain of scientific interest of Serbian ethnology. Hance my wish to treat, from an ethno-folkloric aspect within our bounds, this insufficiently explored matter. Regarding the fairy tales as a particular meta-language, used to carry on definite messages, my theoretical and methodological starting point was to investigate the fairy tale as a symbolic system through a structural-semantic analysis. The research was directed to what the fairy tales are talking about, what notional and value content imbues their structure, and finally, to what level of reality they pertain. Although a fairy tale transmits universal ideas indeed, and the matter it deals with concerns essential and existential problems in the human life, such as life and death, love and hate, sexuality and sin, happiness and destiny etc. I have decided to make choice of particular segment of reality and limited myself to social, to be more precise, and family relations. This election has been motivated by the fact that the basic interest of the fairy tale is directed to the destiny of the individual, has process of maturing and the affirmation he realizes within the sphere of personal, marital and family relationships. The basic aim of the research was therefore the establishing structure of the messages that fit in the context of the above mentioned social relationships in the Serbian tales and their deeper „reading" by means of two global semantic model — cognitive and axiological. Thus the paradigmatic organization of the social code that dominants structure of the fairy tale has been extracted, not discarding, the other ones with which the social one is deeply integrated and knitted manifold, for instance, the cosmological and mythological, religious, geographical, biological, moral and others, that altogether take part in building the general filed of meaning in a fairy tale. The analysis has operated with the results that structural anthropology and folkloric have come up to. In most cases I have used A. J. Greimas’ method of the semiotic square or the elementary structures of meaning because this logical model gives clear picture of the notional structure of the fairy tales when the bigger and smaller meaning units combine on the principles of the opposites, contradictions and implications. Distributed on the bases and sides of the semiotic square, these terms build multilateral and multi-leveled mutual meaning relationships. Furthermore, certain analytic modes of other structuralists and semioticians, such as Levi-Strauss, Vladimir Propp, Meletinsky, Joseph Courtes, Claude Bremond and others have been applied. In a great number of cases direct application of these methods was impossible and thus I have operationalized them, that is, adapted to the matter I was dealing with. Material that form my research I have limited to the Serbo-Croat language domain, fairy tales collected throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century in those regions of south Slavic countries inhabited by Serbian population. A body of forty fairy tales, which the plot and the unknowing on the narrative plane encompass at the same time the conflict on. the plane of marital and family relationships, has been chosen. It has been taken from the two best known, and in my opinion, best collections of Serbian folk tales, Vuk St. Karadzic’s and Veselin Cajkano. Undoubtedly, the motif and thematical scope of the Serbian fairy tales represent variations of the known international stories. However, the particular type of cultural and social reality in which the tale generates and is further carried on, will determine the choice of motifs and themes understandable and acceptable to that culture. In that sense it should be expected that the fairy tales Serbian folk has narrated contain a selection and adaption of international motifs applied to its specific culture. Hence the ethnographic context is determined which represent a referential frame for stipulating the messages codes and interpretation. This context is partly extracted ideotypologically as a reconstruction of the patriarchal, traditional system of the Serbian rural society whose main axsis lay on the relationships within the family, the co-operative, the kin and the village. It is familiar to us from abundant ethnographic material indirectly dealt with and used in the semantic analysis. Their reconstruction. is based upon generally accepted premises about the global construction of the patriarchal societies believed to be the social-historical foundation for the genesis and transmition of fairy tales. It should be pointed out that the protracted domination of the patriarchal regime among the Serbian folk has contributed to the maintaining of certain archaic elements that have for a long time disappeared from the other European fairy tales in societies with more developed urban culture than has been the case with Serbians. Aside from The Introduction, the book contains three great thematical wholes: Out of the Circle, Circular Travelling and In the Circle. These headlines metaphorically denote the course the author has taken in solving this problem. In the first part through the chapters „Toward interpreting fairy tales" and „Serbian fairy tales: culture „digested" inwardly and outwardly" theoretical and methodological frames of research have treated and the introduction into the goal of work has been presented. In the second part, the analysis of the chosen body of fairy tales has been carried through. They are divided into three problem groups that contained typologically internal semantic homogeneousness, and thematically took for granted the elementary ideas out of which sprang the constant of the stories. The first cycles called „Initiation Secret" is divided into two sub-chapters: „Faraway Princesses" and „Insignificant Marriages" gave the basis for a classificational system which brings out what are the conditions to contract a proper marriage, where and how to look for a partner as well as all the obstacles could be encountered on the way. The second thematic round „Model Girls" through the confrontation of two sub-chapters, headed „Life in Ashes" and „The Slope", adjoins the problem from the previous group and talks of family conflicts sprung from the need to contract a marriage but accentuates the incompatibility of certain choices: too close or too distant partners and, of course, the solution of the problem. Finally, the third cycles „In the World of Spells or of Love" with the chapters „The Forbidden Chamber" and „The Beauty and the Beast", treats the mutual relationships of the partners, focusing on the semantic paradigms of sexuality, love, eroticism, sin and death. The third part of the work „In the Circle" in the chapter „Diagonals and Parallels", contains final treatises come up with in the previous analysis. It has turned out that the third cycles of the fairy tales has closed the circle attaching to the first cycles about dragons and dragon killers or, one could also say, it has opened a new thematic round always to be fulfilled on the semantic filed of fairy tales. At the end there are two annexes. The first contains the tabular presentation of the analyzed fairy tales according to the formally structural classificational criteria. In the second, named „The Structure of the Plot or Reason at Work", detailedly the theoretical and methodological procedure applied in the work has been inspected.

W kuchni. Kulturowe szkice o przestrzeni

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book refers to the kitchen as a living space (private, domestic, semi-public) that has many cultural and social connotations, presented on some chosen examples. The authors of particular texts discuss both modern ways of using the kitchen space, the ways it is arranged and equipped, a specification of kitchen designs from the perspective of established cultural and social patterns, the ways meals are arranged in mass catering institutions and aid institutions, as well as functioning of kitchen space in traditional rural culture, in urban working-class environment, in Middle Ages and in antiquity. The publication is addressed to cultural studies and social life researchers, interested in the kitchen space and related practices, not only the culinary ones. The texts contained in this work may also act as a source of knowledge and inspiration for people dealing with analysis of residential strategies, set in various historical contexts, and designing the space and the whole range of items used for kitchen purposes. // Książka dotyczy kuchni jako przestrzeni życiowej – prywatnej, domowej, półpublicznej – kojarzonej z wieloma kulturowymi i społecznymi znaczeniami ukazanymi na wybranych przykładach. Autorzy tekstów omawiają zarówno współczesne sposoby korzystania z pomieszczeń kuchennych, ich aranżacje i wyposażenie, specyfikę projektów kuchni z perspektywy wypracowanych wzorów kulturowo-społecznych, sposoby organizacji posiłków w placówkach zbiorowego żywienia i instytucjach pomocowych, jak i funkcjonowanie przestrzeni kuchennych w tradycyjnej kulturze chłopskiej, robotniczym środowisku miasta oraz w okresie średniowiecza i starożytności. Publikacja jest kierowana do badaczy kultury i życia społecznego, zainteresowanych przestrzenią kuchni i związanymi z nią praktykami, nie tylko kulinarnymi. Może stanowić także źródło wiedzy i inspiracji dla osób zajmujących się analizą strategii zamieszkiwania, osadzonych w różnych kontekstach historycznych oraz projektowaniem przestrzeni i całej palety przedmiotów użytkowanych na potrzeby kuchenne.

Cestami lidového tance. Zdenka Jelínková a česká etnochoreologie

Author(s): Martina Pavlicová / Language(s): Czech

Zdenka Jelínková was a prominent researcher in the area of folk dancing, who was present at the birth of Czech ethnochoreology after the Second World War. She was born on 30th March 1920 in south-eastern Moravia in Velká nad Veličkou, which belongs to the Horňácko ethnographic region. In her childhood and youth she still had opportunities to encounter numerous manifestations of traditional folk culture, which were gradually disappearing from everyday life due to the influence of modern society. She came from a white-collar family; however, she was attracted by rural folk culture, mainly folklore manifestations. She regularly returned to Horňácko even after her family moved to Brno. The closure of universities during the Nazi occupation in 1939 prevented her from studying the subjects she had already enrolled in (Physical Education – French), therefore she at least graduated from the school for instructors of the Czech Sokol Community (Česká obec sokolská) in Prague (1940) and worked as a teacher at various schools until 1950. Her interest in folk dancing and in children folklore did not wane even during her teaching career; she was also active in the folklore movement. In 1949 her erudition brought her to a group of collectors who were making folklore records for the collections of the Folk Song Institute (Ústav pro lidovou píseň) in Brno. In 1950 she was hired as a qualified worker of this institution and worked here until her retirement in 1982. Not even then did she give up her ethnochoreological activities. She died on 5th October 2005.

Pohádkové příběhy v české literatuře pro děti a mládež 1990–2010

Author(s): Milena Šubrtová,Ivan Nemec,Jitka Zítková,Martin Reissner,David Kroča,Miroslav Chocholatý,Naděžda Sieglová,Jiří Poláček / Language(s): Czech

Předložená monografie se věnuje problematice českého pohádkového příběhu v rozpětí od roku 1990 do roku 2010. Instalace svobodného knižního trhu, proměny ediční politiky se vstupem nových nakladatelských domů na českou literární scénu, konfrontace se zahraničními vlivy a především odlišné čtenářské kompetence současných dětí ovlivnily pochopitelně i žánrovou mapu současné literatury pro děti a mládež. Od 90. let 20. století se začínají rozvolňovat tradičně vnímané hranice, jimiž se literatura určená dětem vydělovala jako subsystém navenek, ale i hranice, které ji vnitřně žánrově i hodnotově stratifikovaly a čtenářsky kategorizovaly.

Russische (Ostslavische) Volkskunde

Author(s): Dmitri Konstantinowitsch Selenin / Language(s): German

This is the digitized copy of the book published in 1927 as one volume of the "Grundriss der slavischen Philologie und Kulturgeschichte", edited by Reinhold Trautmann and Max Vasmer in the publishing house "Walter de Gruyter & Co". For Detailed information regarding the content, please download the Table of Content from the "Contents"-Tab here below.

SLAVISCHE VOLKFORSCHUNGEN. Abhandlungen über Glauben, Gewohnheitrechte, Sitten, Bräuche und die Guslarenlieder der Südslaven

Author(s): Friedrich Salomon Krauss / Language(s): German

published in 1908 by Wilhelm Heims Publisher in Leipzig.

Gömör szíve. Tanulmányok a dél-szlovákiai Gömör népi vallásosságáról

Author(s): Annabella Gecse / Language(s): Hungarian

This work is a publication of the results of a research that was undertaken with the support of the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in the period between 2011 and 2014. During my research, I examined the 20th century folk religiosity of nine Hungarian villages in southern Slovakia: Abafalva (Abovce), Baraca (Barca), Cakó (Cakov), Füge (Figa), Méhi (Včelince), Rimaszécs (Rimavská Seč), Sajószentkirály (Kráľ), Uzapanyit (Uzovská Panica), and Velkenye (Vlkyňa). The area is one of the Catholic regions of the ethnically, linguistically and religiously mixed Gemer, mostly in a Protestant environment.In the introductory chapter of my work, I interpret the concept of folk religiosity and religious ethnography with an overview of academic literature, and then—also with previous research results—I outline the important features of the research area. I divided the folk religiosity of the nine villages into two large units by village. I presented a picture of the folk religiosity of the first half of the 20th century on the basis of records deposited with the Episcopal Archives in Rožňava. As far as possible, I analyzed the data, which developed mostly from Hungarian, and to a lesser extent Slovak, documents on the basis of the same aspects, I tried to capture the relationship and dialogue of the “official” church, the perception of religious practitioners and parishioners and cantors of each other. Specific data for this interpretation were provided by the conflict situations: the two world wars, the expulsions and resettlements, the population exchange, and finally the constraint of the churches after the Second World War. The researchability of ecclesiastical archival sources ends in the early 1950s, so I have expanded the interpretation of the concept of “religiosity of today” from this period to the present day. I obtained data on the folk religiosity of the other time unit by village through field research, ethnographic collecting and participant observation. In the process, I was able to capture the image of the examined villages about each other, and also the characteristics that serve as the basis of the opinions. By analyzing these, the interpretation of the data obtained by the two methods ends. Subsequently, I compiled the archival sources in a separate chapter entitled Data Archive, particularly due to the relatively difficult access to the Episcopal Archives in Rožňava. Here, too, I arranged the documents by village, sometimes only describing their content, but most of the time I published the texts literally, in their entirety, from the analysis of which chapters dealing with the first half of the 20th century were composed. During the field research, I prepared a survey of small sacral relics in all villages. The photographic, measured drawing and text presentation of these forms the next chapter of my work, I have edited the descriptions, drawings and photographs of slightly more than fifty roadside crosses and sculptures into a data repository based on uniform aspects. Finally, for two full years, 2011 and 2012, I compiled the annual order of the spiritual folk songs performed at the Sunday and festive masses in Baraca. In the second year, I also filmed about 50 hours of mass. These recordings are available in the book using QR codes.In the course of my work, the strongest characteristics of the folk religiosity of the examined villages had unfolded. Archival sources provided data on what is the basis of the image of a village in the others. As much as I got a colourful picture of the first half of the 20th century, it is so much common the most defining feature of the religiosity of today. In all villages it could be proved that the official ecclesiastical persons have a much smaller influence on the practice of religion than the so-called laymen, who in all cases are local members of the community (unlike parishioners), native Hungarian speakers (often unlike parishioners) and key persons in religious life. These key people are often amateur cantors, ecclesiastical omnivores in one person, who still keep up the repertoire of folk songs, eulogies, the order of ceremonies, and forms of religious conduct of the 1940s.

Předkřesťanská náboženství severních Indoevropanů: Tradice Keltů, Germánů a Baltů v kritické perspektivě humanitních věd

Author(s): Jan Reichstäter / Language(s): Czech

The book aims to offer insights into research on the pre-Christian religions of the northern Indo-Europeans – namely the traditions of the Celtic, Germanic, and Baltic peoples. It presents the results of current research in the spheres of the pantheons, rituals and mythologies of these ethnic groups gained by those branches of the humanities that are usually involved in scientific reconstruction of archaic religions (e.g. archaeology, philology, ethnology). Significant attention is paid to the interpretational problems that have been solved by specialists in the study of these extinct religions for a long time. The book also introduces a brief history of the research in these fields, whose beginnings are mostly connected with the Romantic era, but in some regions they can be traced back as far as the period of Renaissance humanism. In this context the ideological motivations and aims which shaped – or still shape – the images of these religions, both in science and popular culture, are emphasised.

Kars Geleneksel Giysilerinin Günümüz Giysi Tasarımına Katkıları

Author(s): Üyesi Emine Erdoğan / Language(s): Turkish

From its creation until the present day, humans have often not lived within their own borders and have constantly moved. During this change of location, they both carried their culture to where they went and adopted the culture of the places they settled. This situation either destroyed or complicated many traditions. Information on clothing, which is an important part of Kars culture, is included in historical documents piece by piece and independently from each other. It is seen that there is no holistic and comprehensive research on Kars clothing, which is important in terms of ethnic, national and sociocultural aspects. In addition, it is considered a necessity to make artistic publications on the elements of Kars clothing. In the book, the clothing characteristics of the people of Kars, as men and women, are examined; upper body wear, lower body wear and garment are detailed as complements. Afterwards, the clothes were examined and 12 women's capsule collections of size 38 were prepared. This collection is in a daily wearable style and consists of 30 pieces. Technical leaflets of the capsule collection prepared in the study were prepared and produced in the Coral Draw program. The clothes produced were dressed and photographed on the lifeless mannequin and arranged by cleaning the back in Photoshop. With this study, Kars clothes, which were about to disappear, were tried to be brought to light, and modern style women's clothes were produced based on these clothes. Thus, Kars traditional clothing, which is one of our cultural heritages and considered as cultural carrier, has been modernized technically and artistically, and has been made usable for present and future generations.

Mongolian Ritual Texts in Manuscript Collections in the Czech Republic: Part 1

Author(s): Ondřej Srba / Language(s): English,Mongolian

The present book is a critical edition of Mongolian ritual manuscripts preserved in Czech collections. It offers palaeographic descriptions and transcriptions for all the manuscripts, accompanied by English translations and selected facsimiles. The edition includes the majority of popular ritual text categories written in Classical Mongolian (mostly incense offering rituals) commonly circulating in the extramonastic milieu of premodern Mongolia: texts on fire-worship, White Old Man, Offering of the Fox, Geser Khan rituals, hunting rituals, while several texts related to cults of local deities, protection of livestock, as well as popular religious songs and individual prayers are appearing in the scholarly literature for the first time.

Kruche życia po obu stronach Sanu. Wspomnienia ostatniego pokolenia świadków II wojny światowej i powojnia

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book touches upon issues largely absent from the usual nation-centred historiography. The authors describe life in the Polish-Ukrainian borderland, laying bare the mechanisms that led to the collapse of pre-war social order and scrutinizing the survival strategies used by the local population, one of which was the labile recourse to ethnic identity depending on the situation at hand. The book offers a multifaceted insight into the dynamic of social relations in the period’s countryside, including the situation of women and the attitudes towards the civilian population on the part of partisans from different formations. Much attention is devoted to child witnesses of violence and the specificity of the memory stemming from those experiences. Also discussed is the perception that today’s inhabitants of the region have of their local identity as well as the role played in the processes of remembering and recalling the past by the material surroundings.