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Жена и присилне миграције у Србији

Author(s): Vesna M. Lukić / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

This article focuses on the impact of forced migration on women from the republics of former Yugoslavia in Serbia. It gives some background on refugee movements and continuity and change in women characteristics and needs after two decades of displacement. As one of the vulnerable groups recognized by UNHCR, women and especially elderly women are facing distinct economic and social problems. This research offers insight into gender differences in educational outcomes, the labor market and primary income sources of forced migrants in Serbia. Women who had families, single parent families and widows who are particularly vulnerable are briefly discussed in order to improve assistance and programs servicing the needs of female forced migrants.

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Ванбрачне заједнице у Србији: резултати пописа из 2011. године

Author(s): Biljana B. Stanković / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

The rise of cohabitation is one of the most noticeable changes in partnership behavior in the past several decades, present throughout Europe, with great variation of prevalence across countries. Until now, the extent of consensual unions in Serbia has not been known due to the lack of data, except some very scarce information emanated from a very few surveys. The 2011 Census, for the first time, included the question on the de facto marital status. This enables insight into the prevalence of consensual unions, as well as on the characteristics of union members. The paper analyzes frequency of consensual unions, as well as characteristics of persons living in them, according to the sex, age, education, legal marital status, ethnicity, religious affiliation and type of settlement. Most of the consideration has been given to the regional level (NUTS 2).The paper also analyzes families of cohabiting couples with and without children. This is possible because the data for the families of cohabiting couples without children and cohabiting couples with children were shown separately for the first time in the 2011 Census.

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Специфичности популационих трендова у Војводини – попис из 2011. године

Author(s): Snežana S. Stojšin / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

According to the 2011 Census, Vojvodina has the population of 1,931,809 which is by 100,183 less than in 2002. Vojvodina has fewer inhabitants today than in 1971. This decrease in number of inhabitants, according to the latest census, occurred in all municipalities except in the City of Novi Sad, where the population annually increased by 4,703.The main objective of this paper was to analyze the movement of population between two censuses, focusing on the specifics of population movements in certain areas of Vojvodina. First of all, the area of the North Banat should be pointed out because there the population has been steadily declining since 1961. On the other hand, the South Bačka area records a steady increase in population in the period from the World War Two to the present, mainly due to the mechanical movement or immigration to the center of this area – the City of Novi Sad.In addition to the population decline, the population of Vojvodina is characterized by higher average age. The last census showed that the population of all municipalities was, on average, older than 40, except in the municipality of Žabalj (39.7) and the City of Novi Sad (40.0).Analysis of the data has shown that the trend of the population decline in Vojvodina, caused by very high mortality rates and low birth rates, continues and that the age structure of population is becoming less favorable.

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Демографске карактеристике и задовољство животом у насељима фрушкогорске регије: студија случаја Бешеново

Author(s): Bojan Đerčan,Milka Bubalo-Živković,Tamara Lukić,Milica Solarević / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

Serbia has been facing an economic crisis for the last two decades, which is one of the causes of poor demographic situation in the country. Along with low or negative rates of population growth and ageing of population, the majority of municipalities in Vojvodina have a negative migration balance. Vojvodina is characterized by long-term trend in the decrease of young population and the increase of old population. These two processes are affected by low birth rate and life expectancy increase. The bad economic situation and the ageing of population are especially apparent in mountainous areas and peripherally located settlements. This situation has not bypassed Bešenovo, mountainous village of Fruška Gora. Field research and conduction of the questionnaire have found out that the population of this village is not satisfied with the basic living standard.

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Како мотивисати креаторе политике да се суоче са демографским изазовима?

Author(s): Mirjana M. Rašević,Vladimir Nikitović,Dragana Lukić-Bošnjak / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

If we want to understand the deeper truth, or intend to interpret phenomena through the perception of a specific population, a more holistic perspective might be necessary. By applying foresight exercise, some new patterns might be discovered and shifts in study aspects inhibited. Such an approach intends to give meaning to future perceptions, expectations and fears of experts, decision makers and civilians. Its activities are designed to address critical questions, which might significantly shape the future of a country in the coming years. Foresight exercise reinforces thinking about what future steps should be taken, if a specific scenario becomes reality. Personal life stories based on binary opposition of the futures of a country can be used to unambiguously show the policy makers all the relevant implications that different futures might have regarding fertility, migration, population ageing, human capital and labour market in Serbia in the forthcoming period. Furthermore, it seems that such foresight exercise, as a qualitative approach, can provide additional insight into quantitative methods of forecasting demographic future of a country.

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Демографска и функционална евалуација урбаних области у Војводини

Author(s): Vlasta Kokotović Kanazir,Aleksandra Spalević / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

The article illustrates the procedure of quantitative demographic and functional evaluation of urban areas in Vojvodina region. Evaluation is based on seven indicators such as total population, population change index, aging index, the share of employees in primary sector, the share of employees in total population, the share of economically active population (non-commuters) and the share of commuters in economically active population of all urban settlements in Vojvodina region. Quantitative procedure of demographic and functional valorization of urban areas is based on a rank method. According to the results of applied procedure, the categories of urban areas are determined. Each category demonstrates a level of demographic development and correlation between demographic potential and suitable geographical and traffic position. The article is an attempt to perceive better the demographic processes in settlements. Moreover, we pay attention to a different approach in the research of urban settlements network in Vojvodina region.

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Детерминанте демографског развоја Републике Српске на почетку 20. вијека

Author(s): Draško Marinković,Aleksandar Majić / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

For decades now, the Republic of Srpska has been affected by the natural depopulation process and starting with 2002 it has been manifested through negative rate of natural increase resulting from natality decrease and mortality increase. During the target period, the number of the live-born declined by 28% whereas the number of the dead increased by 25%. Clearly, negative demographic figures along with negative migrations resulted in the total depopulation. Negative migration balance additionally complicates negative demographic trend, which results in total depopulation of large proportions. Major issue of the Republic of Srpska population is the phenomenon of low fertility resulting from a whole range of negative factors. Therefore, the implementation of population policy measures is fundamental for both society and population in the country.

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Активно старење активних старих – емпиријски приступ

Author(s): Jelena N. Stojilković Gnjatović,Marija Belij / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

This paper examines the role which different demographic groups (youth, persons of prime working age and older persons) have played in the overall change of the labour force (reproduction), changes in the educational attainment and changes in the distribution of occupations. This paper uses the pseudo-cohort analysis and cross-sectoral data collected from the Labour Force Survey. Main findings show that the educational attainment of new entrants into the labour force was higher than that of retiring workers over the time period of 2004–2014. The composition of occupational changes over the decade confirmed what had been observed for the educational attainment of the labour force. Young new entrants into strongly growing occupations (most of which were highly skilled) by far outnumbered the retirees over the past decade.

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Диференцијални морталитет у Војводини на основу економске активности и занимања

Author(s): Biljana Radivojević,Ivan Ž. Marinković / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

This paper analyses the differential mortality in Vojvodina according to the economic activity and occupations of the population. The analysis covers the period from 1971 to 2011. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of socio-economic factors on differences in the level of mortality among different population groups. In particular, the aim is to detect the impact of working conditions and manner of performing the job to the differences in the mortality of the population with different occupations. Also, the goal is to detect changes in differential mortality according to economic activity and occupations of the population during the analysed period.

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PERCEIVED STRESS AND PERSONALITY TYPE (A &B) AMONG ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS ACROSS VARIOUS DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Author(s): Jaan Ulfat,Khan Mahpara,Bashir Insha,Ahmad Mushtaq / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The present study has been conducted to study Perceived Stress and Personality Type (A & B) among Acute Myocardial Infarction patients across various demographic variables. 100 myocardial infarction patients (60 males and 40 females) were taken from different hospitals of district Srinagar (Kashmir). The data was collected on the basis of AB Behavioral Pattern Scale (ABBPS) by Dhair and Jain (2001) and perceived stress was measured with the help of Perceived Stress Scale developed by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983). Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient showed that there is a significant correlation between Perceived Stress and Personality Type (A&B). Mean differences among MI on perceived stress were found insignificant on age and family status and significant on gender and educational qualification. No significant differences were found on any of the demographic variable among personality types (A/B).

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Активно старење као животни стил на хрватским острвима

Author(s): Sanja Klempić-Bogadi,Sonja Podgorelec / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

The main feature of Croatian islands, in addition to their beautiful nature, is the fact that they are demographically and sociologically one of the most threatened areas affected by ageing. The ageing of the island population is the result of a long-term depopulation caused by the continuous emigration of the younger working-active population over the past hundred years, but also by the retirement return migration in the last thirty years. The most critical situation is on small islands where the majority of population is aged over 60 and this has a significant impact on all aspects of island life.The research conducted on small islands in the Šibenik archipelago in 2011 has shown that older people live alone, with no significant health problems limiting their daily activities, in their own households (homes), on modest pensions, and many of them supplement their income through agriculture. They very often financially help their children, who live mostly in nearby mainland cities. The necessity of self-reliance, due to the lack of younger generations, forces the inhabitants of Croatian island to lead an active life until their old age. Although they are no longer actively employed, they still continue to contribute significantly to the family and society through their involvement in various community activities.

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Главне карактеристике демографског развоја Источне Херцеговине у другој половини XX и на почетку XXI вијека

Author(s): Radoslav Ćorović / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

At the beginning of the observed period, the population dynamics in Eastern Herzegovina was characterized by stagnation, followed by the decrease of the total population, primarily due to traditionally present emigration, but also due to negative natural population growth. Birth rates decreasing processes, population ageing, and some other predominantly negative demographic processes have been reported for decades. This area has a low population density, while spatial distribution of the population is characterized by concentration in settlements which have the function of a municipal centre. Contemporary demographic indicators (of natural increase of population and migration) indicate further decrease in population of this region, especially of its rural parts. This is also shown by the previous 2013 Census data. Keeping in mind the current demographic indicators and characteristics of the population, side by side with weak economic development of this region, it may be expected that negative trends in population development will continue.

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Имитационное Моделирование Миграций И Прогноз Численности Населения В Странах Балтии До 2096 Года

Author(s): Andrei Manakov,Pavel Suvorkov,Saulius Stanaitis / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2017

The aim of the study is the forecast of the migration and population to 2096 in BalticStates (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). This article is prepared on the basis of several Bayesian probabilistic projection according to the Population Division of the Department of economic and social Affairs of the UN Secretariat. The main research method is a simulation of multifactor modeling. In general, migration in the Baltic States adversely affecting the projected population. However, the influence of net migration differs between the countries. It is necessary to take into account what according to the main provisions of UN and Eurostat net migration should be minimized until 2035. If the expected minimization of net migration will not happen, decrease in population of the Baltic States could be catastrophic.

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Регионални ниво у функцији ублажавања негативних демографских трендова у руралним подручјима: студија случаја Зајечарски округ

Author(s): Marija Drobnjaković,Marijana Pantić,Marko Filipović / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

Long-term marginalization of villages has caused negative demographic trends in rural areas of Serbia, primarily through forceful depopulation, unfavorable demographic structures and other structural problems. The term “extinction” is the most often related to the recent appearance of demographic shrinkage and economic decline of villages. According to the last population census (2011), 13 settlements without permanent inhabitants have been recorded. The fact that about 1/3 of all settlements in rural Serbia is sparsely inhabited (less than 20 inh/km2) indicates that scales of demographic decline impacts are yet to be seen. The Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia (2010) advocates polycentric and balanced regional development. Creation of adequate instruments to mitigate demographic decline in rural areas requires clear definition of regional territorial units. Are they going to be NUTS 3 level, or functional urban areas, as spatially and functionally integrated areas which represent more suitable choice for addressing the issue of demographic and economic decline, or should concrete answers be looked for at the level of identified rural regions [Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, 2010; National Program for Rural Development, 2011]? This paper will research these issues in the District of Zaječar with a good practice in Germany.

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Главне демографскe променe у динамици и структури румунског становништва након пада комунизма

Author(s): Vasile Surd,Bogdan-Nicolae Pacurar,Camelia-Maria Kantor / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

The post-1989 political changes in Romania had a major and at times irreversible impact on the dynamics and structure of the population. The most significant change was a drastic population decrease of over 3 million people within 22 years. Important deviations were also registered in economic sectors, resulting today in a process of artificialization of the population share in the tertiary sector. Urban population increased slightly from around 52% in 1989 to 53.4% in 2012, following the artificial conversion of a significant number of villages into the category of urban areas. There were no significant changes in ethnic structure, except for the Roma population where, due to the self-identification census, 621,573 people declared themselves Roma (2011) as compared to around 300,000 in 1988. The largest minority group, the Hungarians, comprises stable 6.6% of the population. Around 2 million of unemployed people were registered during the last census in addition to an increased number of retired people. This paper examines some of the major demographic changes in the dynamics and structure of the Romanian population influenced by a number of political, socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors. It deals with analytic and moral questions arising from an in-depth overview of the aforementioned transition period and argues that political unbalances are clear indicators of demographic changes and disturbances in national and regional economic development.

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Демографски изазови и просторни размјештај становништва Републике Српске

Author(s): Rajko Vranješ,Dara Petković / Language(s): English Issue: 148/2014

For the first time in 22 years, an official census of population was carried out on the territory of the Republika Srpska. This is the first time that we have data (preliminary results) based on which we can examine the demographic situation, spatial distribution of the population and certain ongoing demographic processes. Based on the analysis of preliminary results on the total number of enumerated persons and through the analysis of natural increase in migration flows, the article will present the demographic problem faced by the Republika Srpska. The analysis of first results shows that entire regions have low population densities, being affected by depopulation which is caused mainly by negative natural movements and migrations. Rural areas which represented a demographic potential are being depopulated and some of them have no inhabitants at all. The unfavourable spatial distribution, low level of natural regeneration and constant emigration seriously endanger the total number of population in the Republika Srpska, which has been steadily declining ever since 2002. Constant negative socio-economic effects in the short term could jeopardize the development of the population and the very maintenance of infrastructure in settlements in Republika Srpska.

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Moulds – friends or enemies?

Author(s): Olga Aleksandra Paramonova,Adam Tylicki / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Moulds are common in our habitat and play significant role in the economy and household. Te aim of the article is the indication of selected benefits and threats of moulds present in human environment. Te main benefits are: antibiotic synthesis (e.g β-lactam antibiotics production), moulds application in food industry (e.g.mouldy cheese production) and industrial biotechnology(e.g. organic acids synthesis). Treats which are related with moulds presence in our environment are diseases of respiratory system, skin as well as allergies and also possibility of food contamination by mycotoxins synthesized by moulds which can cause animal and people poisoning. Te main factors which increase exposure of people to adverse eﬀects of moulds are high moisture, inefficient room ventilation and incorrect storage of resources for food production. Taking care of living quarters technical condition and appropriate control of quality and foods torage conditions as well as raw materials for its production, we can reduce undesirable moulds eﬀects.

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Vienų motinų su vaikais šeimos Lietuvoje: demografnės ir socioekonominės charakteristikos

Author(s): Vlada Stankūnienė,Marė Baublytė,Aušra Maslauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 39 (01)/2016

The aim of this article is to reveal the socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of single mother families in Lithuania. The article is based on the 2011 Census data and presents the results of the individual level data analysis. Our findings prove that single parent families constitute a substantial share of all families with underage children in Lithuania. Nearly one third of all underage children live in single parent families and this places Lithuania in the forefront of other EU countries. Along with more traditional paths leading towards the single mother families, including divorce and widowhood, there is a significant share of married mothers living without a partner. Our results also highlight the economic vulnerability of lower-educated, rural-residing, non-married mothers, as almost half of them are depending on a formal social support system.

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ФЕРТИЛИТЕТ СТАНОВНИШТВА БЕОГРАДА У КОНТЕКСТУ ТЕОРИЈЕ ДРУГЕ ДЕМОГРАФСКЕ ТРАНЗИЦИЈЕ

Author(s): Snežana Spasenović,Mirjana Devedžić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 138/2012

The paper identifies the features of fertility in the population of Belgrade that can be regarded as a manifestation of the second demographic transition. The analysis focuses on fertility decline, its age model, birth postponing, extramarital births, and exclusion from reproduction. It compares the municipalities constituting the inner city to those belonging to the suburbs, and checks whether the fertility changes correspond to the context of the second demographic transition.

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Spatial Extent in Demographic Research Approach and Problems

Author(s): Gordana Vojković,Aleksandar Knežević / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

One of the starting methodological problems in demographic research is the definition of spatial extent, already defined by different levels of administrative-territorial units that are used for distribution of usable statistical data. Demographic research is closely tied with administrative-territorial division of the territory that is being researched, wherein the fact that differentiation of demographic phenomena and processes cannot be the only basis of setting the principles of regionalization must be strictly acknowledged. This problem is particularly common in historical demographic analyses of geographically determined wholes, which are in administratively-territorial sense represented by one or more smaller territorial units, with their borders changing through the history, which directly affects comparability of the statistical data, and makes it considerably more difficult to track demographic change through longer time intervals. The result of these efforts is usually a solution based on a compromise which enables us to examine the dynamics of population change with little deviation from already defined borders of regional geographic wholes. For that reason in this paper the problem of defining spatial extent in demographic research is examined trough several different approaches in case of Eastern Serbia, as a geographically determined region, a historic area, a spatially functioning whole and as a statistical unit for demographic research, with no judgment calls in regard to any of the regionalization principles.

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