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Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Judensiedlungen in Böhmen in den Jahren 1650 und 1674 (Ergänzungen zur gleichnamigen Studie von J. Hráský)

Author(s): Lenka Matušíková / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1999

The document discusses the efforts to document Jewish settlements in Bohemia during the years 1650 and 1674, highlighting the various censuses and the reasons behind them, such as tax collection and population control. It details the methods used for data collection, the types of information gathered, and the challenges faced in creating a comprehensive record. The document also touches on the use of these records to understand the distribution and density of Jewish populations in Bohemia, as well as the broader implications for the study of the region's history.

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Strategie czytania dzieci z niedokształceniem mowy o typie afazji

Author(s): Anna Żywot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2009

The article begins with considerations of the break-through in the history of mankind which was the invention of writing. The author supports her reflections with ideas of Paul Ricoeur and other authors dealing with the process of decoding written texts. Secondly, the author presents reading as a cognitive process, and explains the co-occurring mechanisms in the brain. On these bases, the author characterizes the disorders in language communication, presents the issue of aphasic speech underdevelopment, and discusses difficulties in decoding written texts, experienced by people with this kind of developmental disorder. The author presents a hypothesis that the difficulties mainly result from wrong strategies, employed by children-patients, while involved in the process of reading. In support of her hypothesis, the author presents and analyses examples of inadequacies in text-decoding, collected during her logopaedic practice; she concludes that the problems result from inefficient, right-hemisphere dominated, non-linear strategies of text-decoding.

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Body image and self-esteem in teenagers

Author(s): Elsida Sinaj,Xhesiana Meca / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2022

The image of the body is the dynamic perception of the body as it looks, feels, and moves. It is formed by perception, emotions, and physical sensations and is not static, but can change in terms of mood and physical ways. In terms of self-esteem, which is a positive and negative orientation towards itself, a general assessment of values or qualities. His study is analyzing the relationship between self-esteem levels in relation to perceptions adolescents have of body image. The study was conducted as a champion of 120 students in Maminas high school. The selection of the champion was in a casual way. The ages of the students ranged from the age 13 to the age 18. The measuring instruments used for this study are 2 questionnaires. The body image avoidance questionnaire [Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ)], consists of 19 questions about image avoidance for the body. The second questionnaire is that of self-esteem (SES, Rosenberg, 1965), which was used to measure the degree of self-esteem. In line with the study’s objectives, results showed that there is an important link between the image of the body and the level of self-worth in adolescents and that there are significant gender differences in the image of the body in adolescents. Four were hypotheses raised in this study, whereof these hypotheses, 3 were proven and only one of the hypotheses collapsed. The results achieved were supported by similar field studies.

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Optimizimi i parametrave të sistemit të pensioneve. Aspekti i drejtësisë midis brezave

Author(s): Patris Poshnjari / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1/2011

The shift in the demografic structure, as a result of falling birth rates and an increase in the life expectancy, has put under strain the financial balance of public pension systems in many European Countries. Demographic and economic developments affect especially the countries that use a bismarckian PAYGO pension scheme. These problems lead to the need for reforms in order to maintain the pension system sustainable. New options are introduced to ensure income security in old age. Hence, private pensions may serve as a supplement to public pensions. How good are these alternatives for Albania? Albania is considered a country with a young population and the population is aging less rapidly. Instead of redesigning the Albanian Pension System, this article proposes a parametric reform. The question raised in this presentation is whether to improve or to privatize public pensions? The main goal of the article is to introduce a theoretical model in order to configurate the three main parameters of public pensions; contribution rate, replacement rate and dependency ratio. This model will be developed under the consideration of the intergenerational equity, in order to provide fairness in relationships between generations.

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Namensänderungen in jüdischen Familien im Jahre 1787 am Beispiel der jüdischen Gemeinde Kanitz (Dolní Kounice)

Author(s): Lenka Matušíková / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1998

The document discusses the name changes in Jewish families in 1787, focusing on the Jewish community of Kanitz (Dolní Kounice). It details the Josephinic reforms that required Jews to adopt permanent German first and last names, a process documented by the Bohemian Gubernium. The article examines the implementation of the decree, the registration of new names, and the impact on Jewish communities in Bohemia and Moravia. It also includes editions of lists from the Kanitz estate archives, providing insights into the demographic and social conditions of the Jewish population before 1788.

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Trendovi u tranziciji na tržište rada mladih u Srbiji

Author(s): Jovana Zafirović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

In recent decades, the transformation from industrial to post-industrial societies has inevitably influenced the patterns of transition for young individuals entering the labor market. These transition patterns reflect continuity and changes in the social division of labor, thus representing a crucial process in shaping the social stratification of modern societies. The focus of this study is the analysis of changes in the average age of entry into the labor market in Serbia from the second half of the twentieth century to the present. The aim is to shed light on three questions: 1) how the average age of entry into the workforce has changed during this period, 2) what differences in the transition patterns have been observed between men and women, and 3) what differences in transition patterns have been observed between urban and rural populations. The emphasis is on recognizing basic trends in the transition to the labor market for the cohorts born from 1930 to 1995. Considering the rapid changes that Serbian society has undergone during this period, we will attempt to determine their impact on the basic patterns of integration into the labor market. Ideally, we would like to be able to map all the aspects of the professional transition of specific cohorts through the changing institutional structure. However, since this is not feasible, this paper specifically focuses on the following aspects of the transition process: (a) timing of events, i.e., the average age of entry into the labor market, and (b) variability in age, i.e., the level at which transitions occur at specific ages. The analysis is based on the data from the European Social Survey in 2018, with its sample of 1265 respondents in Serbia. Survival analysis is applied to illustrate changes over time in the studied life event, along with Kaplan-Meier survival function estimates for comparisons across gender/ locality. When considering the aspects of timing of events and variability in age, the results indicate a delay in professional transitions during the study period, but not necessarily their destandardization. Additionally, life trajectories of men and women had become increasingly similar by the collapse of socialism and the rise of social inequalities, when this trend was halted. On the other hand, transition patterns between individuals from rural and urban areas are becoming more similar. Taking into account the intense societal changes during the analyzed period, the transformations observed in professional transitions may be a consequence of these specific social changes.

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Neformalni negovatelji starijih u Srbiji - ka prepoznavanju formalnog statusa?

Author(s): Marta Sjeničić,Marko Milenković,Sofija Nikolić Popadić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Informal carer is any person who provides care – usually for no remuneration – to another person with chronic illness, disability or other long-lasting care. Informal carers are completely unrecognized in the legal system of RS. Consequently, there is no official data in Serbia on the number of informal carers. There are numerous aspects of informal care that are challenging. Their work-life balance is affected, which in turn may affect their ability to participate in the labour market and maintain social life. This may further lead to social exclusion and risk of poverty. Finally, health and well-being of informal carers may also be affected. COVID-19 crisis painfully revealed the fundamental flaws in the care system and weakness in lack of the regulated approach in providing informal care. It turned out that older persons were greatly dependant on informal carers, due to the COVID crisis and measures undertaken. By using limited available data on informal care in Serbia and looking into comparative examples on position of informal careers, the article seeks to offer proposals for the new model for improving the position of informal care givers in Serbia, when it comes to elderly population in the forefront. By reviewing the literature, one can come up with various recommendations for future interventions in the field of informal caregivers’ work and long-term care, which is increasingly necessary with the aging of the population. The status of informal caregivers should be improved by their formal recognition in the care system for the elderly. When drafting the regulations, it is necessary to rely on the EU Directive on the balance between work and private life, with the aim of improving the balance between work and private life of informal caregivers and better access to the labour market. In addition to passing specific regulations in the field of elderly care and the position of informal caregivers, it is necessary to introduce their regular training. This way, caregivers would acquire adequate knowledge and support, in order to respond to the task of caring for the elderly, while preserving their own well-being. The position of informal caregivers would be significantly improved by the development of sustainable community services for elderly, as well as support services for the caregivers themselves. Furthermore, it is important to focus on informal caregivers who are most burdened, which, according to research, are women and caregivers of people with dementia.

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Karakteristike tržišta rada u Hrvatskoj i suvremene vanjske migracije

Author(s): Monika Komušanac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2024

The paper analyzes the characteristics of the labor market in Croatia, the changes in the demographic potential of the working-age population, and the structural determinants of the labor system. The movement of the number of able-bodied, active and inactive population from 2013 until today, points to a trend of decreasing the able-bodied contingent, economic activity and unemployment of the population, and an increase in employment. The analysis showed that the structural problems on the labor market in Croatia are an insufficiency of educational staff, structural unemployment, youth unemployment, and the mismatch between the supply and demand of jobs. Such characteristics of the work system influenced the movement of the determinants of external migration in Croatia, especially after 2013. Simultaneously with the strengthening of emigration, the number of immigrated persons also increases, so that from 2013 to 2022, their number amounted to about 195 thousand of mostly foreign citizens. We can establish that we are talking about free economic migrations and an increased inflow of labor, mostly unskilled workers, which makes up for the lack of domicile workforce. Structural- selective unemployment in Croatia can be analyzed on a general level according to age groups and according to education, and on a specific level, through indicators of the skills mismatch on the labor market. The total unemployment rate in Croatia has experienced a significant decline since 2013, and current unemployment is the lowest in the youngest working age, and the highest in the age over 40. Compared to 2013, the share of unemployed persons with primary and lower secondary education in Croatia is continuously decreasing, the share of unemployed persons with upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education levels is slightly falling (with frequent oscillations), while the share of unemployed persons with tertiary education is increasing. Problems on the labor market in Croatia have been noticeable after the global economic crisis of 2008 and its high unemployment, and in the last ten years also in the areas with a low level of economic activity of the population and a lack of domestic labor for the functionality of certain sectors of activity. On the other hand, the structure of the emigrant contingent, in which the young and able-bodied population predominates, points to the outflow of labor force of medium and high qualification levels. The review of research on recent emigration confirms the complex conditionality of leaving Croatia, and among the main factors a group of economic ones arising from the macroeconomic situation and structural deficiencies in the labor market stands out. In addition to economic factors, other types of factors are strengthening, which is why the continuation of the emigration of the Croatian population and the immigration of the foreign population are likely to be expected. The isolated and presented indicators and trends point to the complexity of the relationship between economic and labor factors, contemporary migration patterns and demographic characteristics of the resident population, in accordance with previous theoretical and empirical knowledge.

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A szlovákiai magyarsághoz tartozók számának, arányának változása járások szerint a 2011. és a 2021. évi népszámlálás adatai alapján

Author(s): László Gyurgyík / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2024

The study deals with the development of the number of Hungarians in Slovakia by districts based on the data of the 2011 and 2021 censuses. In a first approach, the data at the district level for ethnicity, mother tongue and 2nd ethnicity are examined. Then, based on combinations of these three ethnic indicators, the four types of Hungarian affiliation are analysed in relation to the proportion of Hungarians living in the districts. The differences in the number, composition and types of Hungarians living in Hungarian and non-Hungarian districts are examined. We will also examine the contribution of the three variables included in the analysis to the evolution of the number of Hungarians at the district level. The tables in the appendix provide a deeper understanding of the relationships presented in the study.

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Did the COVID-19 pandemic permanently impact e-commerce in the US market?

Author(s): Ismail H. Genc,Mohammad Arzaghi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The pandemic compelled many individuals, initially hesitant about online shopping, to overcome their reservations, acquire essential skills, and transition to online retail. This provided a natural experiment to assess whether the barriers to online shopping and the comfort of traditional in-store habits have hindered a broader shift to e-commerce. This paper uses the US retail data to analyze e-commerce activities before, during, and after the pandemic to determine whether the pan- demic has permanently altered the pattern of the activities to determine whether the pandemic has permanently altered the pattern of the activities by utilizing structural break detection tools. Addi- tionally, we carry out a forecasting exercise for post-pandemic based on pre-pandemic data to con- firm our findings. Results suggest that while e-commerce activities surged during lockdown, they have predominantly reverted to pre-pandemic patterns. Our findings caution both investors and companies against overreaction in the face of exuberant changes in the market to avoid painful cor- rections afterward.

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Zawadzka, E., Filipiak, S. (red.). (2022). Wielowymiarowość funkcji wykonawczych – perspektywa rozwojowa i kliniczna. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej

Author(s): Ernest Tyburski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The multi-author monograph edited by Ewa Zawadzka and Sara Filipiak sta-s an important point on the map of neuropsychological books devoted to the te-matics of executive functions. In addition, it is one of the few new items to-available on the Polish market, which discusses the complexity of the functions describedfrom a multidimensional perspective, both developmental and clinical. And althoughknowledge about executive functions is increasing, there are still many unresolved issues.unresolved issues. Psychologists assume that these functions constitute a kind of-kind of overarching system that mediates between the mind (i.e., the information processing syste-information processing system) and behavior (i.e., the set of activities performed).actions). The result of their activity is a purposeful action, which proceeds in a rest-coordinated, controlled and intentional manner.

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САМОСОХРАНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ И РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ: МЕДИКО-СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ

Author(s): Anna I. Malyshkina,Marina V. Kuligina,Irina A. Panova,Natalya Sergeevna Rychikhina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2023

The article presents the results of a sociological survey of female students in order to determine their life strategies, level of reproductive health and self-preservation behavior. The study showed that the majority of female students, along with acquiring knowledge, include reproductive and self-preservation behavior, creating a family and raising children in their system of life values. Among the conditions for the implementation of plans of young women, the formation of the value of health, improving the quality of life of young families, and improving state demographic policy are highlighted.

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МАТРИМОНИАЛЬНЫЕ И РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ УСТАНОВКИ МОЛОДЕЖИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ МОЛОДОЙ СЕМЬИ

Author(s): Yuri R. Vishnevsky,Yana V. Didkovskaya,Olga B. Zyryanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

The article, based on statistical data, secondary analysis of sociological research and the results of the authors‘ own research - sociological monitoring of Yekaterinburg students in 1999-2020, substantiates the need to abandon the hyperbolic interpretation of a number of threats in the marriage, family and demographic sphere. The authors also examine how these threats relate specifically to the behavior of youth. The results of the analysis make it possible to assess the reproductive and matrimonial attitudes of young people rather positively: in the minds of young people, the family retains its importance as a leading value, there is a transformation of the family from a normatively approved pattern into an intrinsic value, a fairly high assessment of the reproductive and educational functions of the family remains, although the role of the family is seen primarily turn in mutual support and joint leisure activities. The article establishes that the current and projected decline in fertility is not associated with the -deterioration of the reproductive attitudes of the younger generation, but with the consequences of the demographic echo of the 1990s and serious factors limiting these attitudes - the risk of not providing the level of financial situation of the family and living conditions necessary for the upbringing and development of children.

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THE JOINT OPERATING ENVIRONMENT 2008 - CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE JOINT FORCE

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

Trend analysis is the most fragile element of forecasting. The world’s future over the coming quarter of a century will be subject to enormous disruptions and surprises, natural as well as man-made. These disruptions, and many other contiguous forces, can easily change the trajectory of any single trend. The Joint Operating Environment recognizes that many, if not all, of the trends and trajectories of the future will be non-linear. But for the purpose of analysis, it has used a traditional...

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Gençlerde Dikkatli Karar Verme, Duygusal Zeka ve Sosyo-Demografik Değişkenler Arası İlişkiler

Author(s): Arkun Tatar,Didem Ayhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 04/2023

This study aims to examine the effect of emotional intelligence and the way of thinking that considers emotions in vigilant decision-making in the young. The effects of socio-demographic variables on vigilant decision-making were also tested in the study. A total of 556 young people, between the ages of 18-29 participated in the study. Vigilant decision-making was evaluated with the Vigilance Decision-Making Styles sub-dimension of the Melbourne DecisionMaking Questionnaire, and the thinking style that considers emotions was evaluated with the revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale subdimensions. By using the Vigilance Decision-Making Styles sub-dimension, two groups with a low and a high level of vigilant decision-making were formed. Then, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine whether it distinguished these two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis model established according to the results explains 4.0% of the total variance and the overall accuracy in classifying the groups is 57.0%. The Optimism / Mood Regulation sub-dimension and the age variable were determined as predictors of being into one of the low and high levels of vigilant decision-making.

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Sztuczna inteligencja jako wyzwanie przyszłości

Author(s): Patryk Ochyra,Łukasz Stelmaszczyk,Michał Rutkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

Based on this chosen topic, the author chose artificial intelligence as the subject of research. The main goal of the article was defined as: outlining the most likely scenarios of threats and opportunities arising from the existence of artificial intelligence. It determines the need to propose the main research problem in the form of the following problem question: What variants should be expected in order to effectively counteract threats and take advantage of the opportunities arising from the existence of AI in the aspect of increasing global population security? Based on the previously formulated main problem, the author constructed a working hypothesis. He presumes that: the main inhibitor in a positive attitude towards AI is the fear of its independence as a transcendent entity that escapes human perception. In his scientific article, he used theoretical methods such as: analysis, synthesis, interpretation, deduction, inference, confrontation and abstraction.

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Przekształcenia sieci szkolnej pod wpływem zmian demograficznych w aglomeracji poznańskiej

Author(s): Marzena Walaszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Changes in spatial and organizational school network in the Poznań agglomeration in recent years resulted primarily from the changing demographic conditions, which are a manifestation of the suburbanization process. As a result of this process in a suburban area rapidly increased the number of pupils in schools, while in the central zone of the agglomeration, this number has decreased markedly. The aim of the article was to present the demographic changes taking place in recent years in the Poznań agglomeration and their impact on the school network.

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Kudüs Nüfus Defterlerine Göre Kent Toplumu ve Mekân (1905-1917): Bab El-Halil Mahallesi Örneği

Author(s): Yasemin Avci,Ömür Yazici Özdemir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2023

Neighborhood affiliation is a well-established component of social identity in the Ottoman cities. The neighborhood, where social relations are formed and developed, has an important function in the production and maintenance of social norms and values. In order to analyze the social identity in cities, the neighborhood structure should be examined; the components and variables of the neighborhood, the internal and external mobility between neighborhoods, partnership and segregation should be evaluated. One of the most important sources to be used for analyzing the neighborhood structure is the Ottoman population registers. The Jerusalem Population Registers housed at the Israel State Archives cover the censuses carried out in 1881 (H. 1299), 1905 (H. 1321) and 1914 (H. 1332), 73 registers out of a total of 463 belong to the urban center of Jerusalem. These registers provide unique data about the demographic and social structure of the neighborhoods, and help to examine the neighborhoods of the city at the “household” level. By comparatively analyzing the censuses carried out on different dates, the changing aspects of the demographic structure and a portrait of rural, regional and international migrations to the city of Jerusalem might be seen. This study examines 8 population registers dated between the years 1905-1917 (H. 1321- 1333) belonging to Bab el-Halil neighborhood, which developed around the Jaffa Gate as the “new center of the city” since the last quarter of the 19th century. The population density and migration portrait of the neighborhood, the ethnic and religious affiliations, marital status, and occupation of the residents is to be evaluated by the graphics based on the data obtained in the population registers.

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Non-Muslim Population in the Gaza Sanjak in the Sixteenth Century

Author(s): Mustafa Öksüz / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

The Gaza region, which came under Ottoman rule following the victory of Yavuz Sultan Selim at the Battle of Marj Dabiq in 1516, was administered by the Ottoman Empire for four centuries. The census books from the first century of this long period contain a wealth of information about the Gaza Sanjak and the people living around it. Based on these books, it is possible to make some observations and evaluations about the people of the region, especially the minorities. In the sixteenth century, the first century of Ottoman rule, Christians, Jews, and Muslims lived in various parts of the Gaza Sanjak. This state is notable for being a place where three religions coexist. This feature was not only preserved in the sixteenth century but also in the following periods. Christians constituted the second-largest demographic group, with Muslims forming the majority of the population. Jews were the third and last group in demographic terms. Muslims, like Christians, adopted a settled life both in urban and rural areas. Jews generally continued to reside in the city center. It is evident that the Christian population, which constituted the majority of the non-Muslim population, was sustained by the immigration of the local population in the sanjak and also received immigration from Jerusalem and Egypt. It was also divided into various and often sect-based sub-communities. The sectarian divisions of the Jews, who continued their existence in Gaza city center as two sub-communities, Samaritans and Rabbanites, were reflected in the records. This article will present a general evaluation of the Christians and Jews living in Gaza in the first century of Ottoman rule by consulting other archive sources, especially the detailed cadastral registers. In this article, we will endeavor to provide a historical perspective on the Palestine/Gaza issue, which is one of the most contentious issues in the contemporary world.

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TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ’NİN İLK GENEL NÜFUS SAYIMINA GÖRE TEKİRDAĞ’IN DEMOGRAFİK YAPISI

Author(s): Sezai Öztaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Spec. Iss./2024

The Treaty of Lausanne, signed in July 1923, established Türkiye’s newfound independence across political, military, economic and cultural spheres. The declaration of the Republic on October 29, 1923 by the Grand National Assembly solidified this independence. During this period, the knowledge of the population count was vital for steering policies and utilizing resources efficiently. Furthermore, knowing the population played an important role in shaping state strategies and identifying key areas of investments for development. Consequently, preparations for a census commenced in 1926 and the first general census of the Republic of Türkiye was conducted on October 28, 1927. This census aimed to capture data on individual’s birthplaces, nationalities, marital statuses, age brackets, literacy rates, occupations, religions practiced, disabilities present, mother tongues and etc. Tekirdag was among the 63 provinces identified at that time in the population of the Republic of Türkiye. This study focuses on unveiling the population characteristics and demografic structure of Tekirdag based on the inaugural census findings. The data from the 1927 census recorded a population of 131,446 individuals residing in Tekirdag province, comprising 65,881 females and 65,565 males. Notably, Tekirdag's young and dynamic population is noteworthy during this area.

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