Health Promotion for Older People in Hungary: The need for more action

Author(s): Marzena Tambor,Alicja Domagała,Michał Zabdyr-Jamróz,Iwona Kowalska-Bobko,Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta,Christoph Sowada,Stanisława Golinowska,Petra Baji / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The health status of the Hungarian population is relatively poor, compared to other countries of similar socio-economic development. Unhealthy diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and low physical activity are important risk factors leading to cardiovascular system diseases – the main cause of death in the general population and among people 65+ in Hungary. Yet, the OECD health statistics indicate that Hungary belongs to a group of countries with the lowest per capita expenditure on prevention and public health and that the level of this expenditure is decreasing. In Hungary, there is no legislation specifically dedicated to public health (Public Health Act) and the matters of public health and health promotion are regulated by various legal documents. The directions for public health policy are set in National Public Health Programmes. To address the problem of the ageing population, in 2009 a National Ageing Strategy (2009–2034) was adopted. The Strategy stresses the need to develop programmes for prevention, rehabilitation and health promotion for older people. The main actor in public health policy is the central government, namely its agency the National Public Health and Medical Officer Service. Also, territorial governments play an important role, though they have limited financial capacity to spend on health promotion and they need to rely on external unstable sources of funds when implementing health programmes for older people. NGOs might be important partners for health promotion along with public authorities. However, they require more financial and infrastructural support to be able to perform more activities in the field of health promotion for older people.

Demografsko stanje katolika i procesi u Bosni i Hercegovini od 1996. do 2015. godine

Author(s): Tomo Vukšić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2016

XVI. Yüzyıl Sonlarında Hertvisi Nahiyesi

Author(s): Iasha Bekadze / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

In this study, using records of the register book “Defter-i Mufassal Vilâyet-i Gürcistan” which was written in 1595, has investigated the social-economic structure of Khertvisi Region in Khertvisi Sanjak in the late 16th century. Khertvisi Rabat Castle is the center of Khertvisi Region. This Castle was located in one of the strategic points of the region, which connected Anatolia and Causasus. Estimated population of the Castle is about 1173 people. The total population of the village is 3296 people. This study has addressed the physical structure and population of Khertvisi Rabat Castle. Furthermore, this study has explained different usage of Khertvisi at the different time period during the history, and also described its etymology. This study has given information about villages and hamlets of Khertvisi region, as well as their populations, economic status, agricultural areas, production of vegetables, taxes, industries and also the sales prices of some agricultural products.

Dystanse cywilizacyjne w konsumpcji Polaków i ich uwarunkowania w kontekście trendów występujących w Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Magdalena Sobocińska,Krystyna Mazurek-Łopacińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Consumption, being one of the most important categories in economics, is subject to many changes which are determined, inter alia, by the process of globalisation and the European integration. An aim of considerations is to show the transformations under way in Poland in consumption, which are manifested by its modernisation, and their selected determinants as well as the gaps separating Polish consumers from consumers from the economically highly developed states of the European Union as economic growth does not translate automatically into civilization progress. Civilization gaps express themselves in many dimensions, including economic, social, demographic, and cultural. The article is based on an analysis of secondary data and, particularly, research reports as well as the data collected by Eurostat and the Poland’s Central Statistical Office. Knowledge of the differences occurring in the level of consumption between the EC member states may be a basis for building the strategies of enterprises taking into account consumers’ needs and may be used in designing marketing activities of the firms operating in the European Union’s market. The article is a literature review.

Turizm Sektöründe Tükenmişlik Ve Motivasyon Arasindaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi: Safranbolu Örneği

Author(s): Fatih Türkmen,Zuhal Yaşar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 35/2017

Both burnout levels and motivation of the employees offering services in tourism establishments, where human labour is the most intensely employed and these services are offered, have crucial importance in views of the future of these establishments, the achievment of their goals, the ensuring of customer satisfaction and organisational continuity. In this respect, within the scope of the study conducted, the tourism employees in the district of Safranbolu of Karabük county, which accounts for enormous culture and tourism potential of our country, have been surveyed. Besides factor analysis, reliability analysis have been conducted for burnout and motivation scales, the demoghraphic situation has also been ascertained within the scope of the study in which 392 employee opinions collected through questionnaire have been analysed. Furthermore, correlation analysis has been utilised in order to determine the relations between the subdimensions of burnout and motivation. As a result of the research findings, while a meaningful negative correlation between the subdimensions of emotional burnout and depersonalisation and those of motivations has been observed, a positive correlation has been identified between the subdimensions of personal accomplishment and motivation.

Konsument muzułmański w wielokulturowej Europie

Author(s): Lidia Nowakowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

In result of influx of Muslim immigrants to the European Union member states, there has formed the pattern of religiously determined consumer behaviours of a significant group of population. An aim of considerations is to show the demographic dynamics of the Muslim minority as well as strengthening its consumer position and impact on growth of the market for halal products, and also to show the perspectives of this market’s development in the context of immigration policy implemented by the European Union and its member states. The author applied the method of analysis of demographic data that require adjustment to the assumed objective and published findings of surveys on consumer behaviours. The stimulating impact on Muslim consumers’ behaviours will be exerted by failures of the policy of cultural integration of the European states. The obtained knowledge will allow preparing Polish producers to reactions to consumer needs. The article is of the research nature.

Wyjazdy turystyczne Polaków za granicę jako jeden z przejawów globalizacji społecznej

Author(s): Katarzyna Włodarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

An aim of considerations is to describe the changes in Poles’ tourist trips abroad since the moment of its accession to the European Union till the year 2012. In her article, the author used the data published by the CSO, Eurostat and CBOS as well as findings of the author’s surveys carried out in 2011. The article is of the conceptual and research nature. The process of globalisation is supported by states’ integration measures, including activities undertaken by the European Union. The processes of integration and globalisation are largely used by the society. Tourist trips abroad are an important symptom of the social globalisation. Based on data analysis, despite the conditions set up by the market situation in Poland, there are only noticeable slow trends of the growth of the number of those trips. The factors determining the decisions concerning trips abroad are mainly incomes as well as socio-demographic factors such as age, education and place of residence.

Analiza lokalnih izbora na Kosovu 2013. godine

Author(s): Aleksandar Đokić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 10/2014

This paper provides an analysis of the results of the latest local elections in Kosovo in relation to the most important political parties that are active in that territory. The author attempts to analyze and interpret the results of the local elections in Kosovo, using concrete data from the last and the previous election cycles in conjunction with the demographic factors that affect the rating of the parties in question. Furthermore, the author places the development of Albanian parties in Kosovo in two phases: the first phase of ethnic homogeneity when Albanians gathered around a single party, while the second phase is marked by a fledgling multiparty system. The author analyzes the development of political parties in correlation with the election results and various party programs. A special point of interest of this paper is the explanation of a trend of increasing confidence, among the Albanians in Kosovo, in the nationalist political movement called Self-Determination. The author also analyzes the results of Serbian political parties in the last local elections in Kosovo and the challenges that these parties and their leaders faced.

Циклические изменения расходов домохозяйств-потребителей и демографических факторов в Латвии в 2004-2014 годах

Author(s): Vilhelma Nikitina / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2014

Since 1st May 2004, Latvia is a member of the EU; therefore, the issue concerning changes of financial situation of households during these 10 years has become topical. The main index of welfare within the EU is the average monthly expenses (equivalents) per one person of household. The author in her article uses survey data on household budget, performed by the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia during the period 2004-2012. On the grounds of summarisation and comparative analysis of these data, there could be established the following main changes: 1) the average expenditures of last 10 years have generally increased, but irregularly – they rapidly increased in 2004-2008, especially within households of selfemployed persons and households of 1-2 persons; they sharply decreased in 2009- 2010, especially in families with small children and households of families living on benefits, the pre-crisis level of expenditures was not revived; 2) the differentiation of households according to the level of consumption, the main reasons of which are the comparatively low income and worsening of demography within households; 3) 10 years of membership in the EU have given no contribution into the content of household expenditures; the priorities of households still are the payments for basic necessities, inter alia, food (constituting 29% of total expenditures), which is indicative of the comparatively low total level of expenditures in Latvia; approximation to the EU level could take at least ten more years. On the basis of the results of statistic data analysis, the author in her article describes the main changes concerning the volume and composition of household consumption (according to the criteria of average monthly expenses of one member) in Latvia after it had joined the European Union (2004-2012). She emphasises the changes of interrelationship between consumption and demographics within households and cyclic economic development of this period.

Особенности потребления в Украине: от домохозяйства до e-commerce

Author(s): Yuriy Pachkovskyy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2014

In his article, the author analyses properties of consumption taking place in contemporary Ukraine in the face of new political and economic challenges. He also pays attention to such consumption components as the consumer taking into account their needs, preferences and personality characteristics as well as the household which under the present conditions is strongly affected by not only the macroeconomic factors but also socio-demographic and the factors of the stratification nature. A particular place in the article is assigned for an analysis of development of Internet commerce in the Ukrainian society. The author concludes that with their conservatism the Ukrainian consumer is more and more apt to master new Internet technologies in order to purchase goods and services online. The characteristic tendency is that the Ukrainian consumer in their consumer preferences becomes more and more similar to Europeans. And, due to the annexation of Crimea by Russia and its open aggression against Ukraine, there are growing patriotic tendencies in Ukrainians’ consumer behaviours and preferences aimed at the support for the national producer of goods and boycott of Russian goods.

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinin Bugünkü Etnik Yapısına Tesir Eden Göçler

Author(s): İbrahim Tellioğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 5/2005

The settlement of the Turkmens in Eastern Black Sea is crucial in making of the current ethnic structure of the Eastern Black Sea region from the XI. century on. Kipchaks coming via Georgia in the second half of the XIII. century settled in the üne Artvin-Rize-Trabzon, and kept their existence up to now. There happened migrations of also the Lazi, Georgians and Circassians. After sending the Greek-speaking population of the region to Greece in 1923, current ethnic structure was formed.

Where Are Poor In Tunisia?

Author(s): Zahia Hamdène / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2016

Using Principal Component Analysis For A Sample Of 263 Municipalities, The Aim Of This Paper Is To Use A Multidimensional Poverty Approach And Build A Composite Index Of Well-Being That Pinpoint The Pockets Of Poverty In Tunisia, The Regional Disparities And Disparities Between Cities And Their Peripheries. A Deep Analysis Of This Problem Shows That There Is A Close Relation Between Poverty, Economic And Geographic Exclusion. Poverty Is Attributed To Unemployment, Dysfunction Of Labor Market, Unequal Public Expenditures In Infrastructure, Etc.

Foreign Direct Investment Dynamics In Tanzania: Trends, Policies And Challenges

Author(s): Mercy Tsitsi Magombeyi,Nicholaus M. Odhiambo / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2016

This paper provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Tanzania from 1980 to 2013. It also highlights trends in FDI inflows, reforms that have been implemented and challenges that are faced in an effort to increase FDI inflows into the country. The reforms that government implemented fall into two categories. The first category consists of policies aimed at creating a conducive environment for investment. The second category comprises of policies that directly target FDI inflows. An overall analysis shows an increase in FDI inflows in Tanzania since 1991, although inflows are still depressed.

Poziom życia ludności a wielkość i struktura spożycia żywności w aspekcie regionalnym

Author(s): Anna Murawska,Krystyna Gutkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2013

Introduction: Quality of life is defined as a degree of satisfaction of human needs resulting from consumption of goods and services. Food needs are basic physiological human needs and are classified in the first place as the most important needs of each individual. Aim: An aim of this study was to show regional differences in living standards in Poland through an analysis of the measures defining the phenomenon and to present the volume and pattern of food consumption. In addition, efforts were made to establish whether there are, and if so what, relationships between the indicators that describe the standard of living and the level and pattern of consumption of food in terms of regions. Material and methods: The aim accomplishment used the most current information from secondary sources, mainly from household budget surveys, statistical yearbooks, and other source materials. The authors analysed all sixteen provinces in Poland. To assess the regional differences, occurring relationships and dependencies there were used basic measures and indicators in the form of numerical ratings. There were calculated intensity ratios, coefficients of the pattern, variability, asymmetry, and correlation. Results: An important role in the development of food intake there is played by macro- and microeconomic factors that are both determinants of economic development and standard of living. There are significant relationships between the economic indicators and the level of food consumption. In households located in wealthier regions, there are significantly more frequently consumed products such as yogurt, milk drinks, cheese and fruit, while in poorer provinces - bread, milk, eggs, oil, vegetables, and sugar. Conclusion: In Poland, there are significant regional disparities in GDP, average monthly wages and incomes, which, in turn, affect the level and structure of expenditure on food products and, as a result, the level of meeting needs in this area. In the more developed regions, the population consume more processed foodindustry products, while in poorer regions, with a lower standard of living, more unprocessed products, and cheaper substitutes that meet the same needs.

Konsumpcja i ceny żywności pod presją spowolnienia gospodarczego

Author(s): Krystyna Świetlik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

The unfavourable determinants in the global economy, the debt crisis and recession in the Eurozone have led to slowdown of the Polish economy. This is reflected in weakening of the GDP growth rate, increase of negative phenomena in the labour market, aggravation of the population’s income situation, slowdown in consumer demand and decline of demand for food. The unfavourable trends in development of demand for food are confirmed by the CSO’s macroeconomic data on consumption in the sector of households, the statistics of sales of food and results of surveys of households’ budgets. Under the influence of growing demand barrier, there have dropped retail prices for food articles as well as prices for agricultural commodities in the last months of 2012. The continuing downward trend in demand for food will be the main factor limiting the rate of growth of prices for foods in 2013.

Behaviour of Elderly People in Tourist Services Market

Author(s): Ewelina Strzelecka,Anna Dąbrowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

This article presents the behaviour of senior citizens — elderly people aged 60–75 in the market of tourist services. As shown in the report of Future Traveller Tribes 2020, it is the group which in the next few years will have a decisive influence on the development of the tourism market, due to demographic, social and economic changes. This article presents the findings of the study conducted in 2011 in 5 market segments, including the elderly people. They accounted for 19% of the population being surveyed in the research.

Wpływ kryzysu na dochodową elastyczność popytu na żywność gospodarstw domowych dotkniętych bezrobociem

Author(s): Tomasz Zalega / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2011

The global economic crisis has stirred up quite clear repercussions in economies of all countries. The social dimensions of the global crisis are, undoubtedly, growth of unemployment, drop of households’ incomes, change of the consumption pattern, changes in the styles of behaviour, right to feeling of serious states of anxiety and depression, which result from the fear of loss of job, difficulties with finding a new job, aggravation of the financial condition, fear of loss of savings or inability to repay credits. Because the global crisis has also affected the Polish socio-economic reality, the author in his article focused on description of the correlation that occurs between incomes of households with an unemployed person and food consumption. Having discussed the most important determinants of demand, he presents the research methodology and assumptions, then focuses on incomes and expenditure and on food consumption in the households touched by unemployment. He analyses the coefficients of income elasticity of demand for the selected food products.

Znaczenie wybranych źródeł informacji o produktach żywnościowych dla konsumentów

Author(s): Marta Tomaszewska,Irena Ozimek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2011

The objective of research was evaluation of importance of individual sources of information on food products in the opinion of consumers while making their decisions on food purchasing. The authors stated that respondents declare their great interest in information displayed on the product packaging, indicated by them as the main source of information about food. As the least important sources consumers considered press articles, TV and radio programmes, information found on Internet, advertising, consumer organisations, info-lines of producers and sellers. The analysis of findings shows that there are substantial differences in evaluation of the importance of individual sources of information depending on the sociodemographic factors.

Turizmološka valorizacija etnografskih manifestacija u Srbiji

Author(s): Željko Bjeljac,Nevena Ćurčić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2010

In Serbia there are many traditional events based on tradition, folklore, old customs and traditional crafts and trades. Folklore events are the oldest elements in the development of tourism and provide a sufficient motive for tourist visits. On the basis of their program content, these events can be divided into folklore and folk music festivals, festivals of folk customs, and children’s folklore festivals. This paper offers a categorization of folklore events according to economic and geographic criteria; particular attention has been given to events that already are, or have great potential for becoming, a major attraction of the tourist destination in question and can thus contribute to a faster and higher-quality development of tourism.

Między aktywizmem a akademią. Studia nad niepełnosprawnością

Author(s): Magdalena Zdrodowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

This article outlines the history and theoretical foundations of disability studies – a discipline that remains little known in Poland. Unlike medical and pedagogical paradigms, the social and cultural model does not see disability as an illness or a personal tragedy, but thinks about it in terms of identity and of socially negotiable concepts, attitudes and values. Zdrodowska situates disability studies in the context of Modernist redefinitions of norms as well as the process of medicalization that marked the twentieth century. The article’s main focus is on the discipline’s functioning in both academic frameworks and in social and political spheres. To illustrate the shift in perspective proposed by disability studies, Zdrodowska discusses the notions of ablism, inspiration porn as well as narrative prosthesis.