1960 sonrasi Türk sağlik personeli politikasi üzerine bir değerlendirme

Author(s): Mehmet Burhanettin Coşkun / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 33/2017

When the public administration of countries identified as a social and economic forms of organization is impossible to think outside the health sector of this form of organization. In this area, many spend the majority of national resources and the operation of the human field prevents the medical field and constrained to work. Since the establishment of the Republic was considered to be an essential task of the state health services were encouraged to take public organizations. After the 1960 reform of the health policy issues were on the agenda. Health services, policy-making / implementation in the context of redefining the evaluation in relation to the consequences of experienced conversion and also the transformation of health policy to be discussed with a critical perspective, currently ongoing is important for appropriate evaluation of the discussion. Turkish health personnel to work in the process of globalization in terms of policy, not an example of transformation of the public administration, is considered important by itself in today's public administration studies. Working labor changes in Turkish public administration system will serve to seeing through intensive service sector. The main problem of the health personnel system in Turkey is achieved with a flexible structure, starting from the 1960's.

2007 Bulgaristan Yerel Seçimleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Seçil Öraz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 15/2007

The 2007 local elections in Bulgaria, which went to gallop box six times since the regime change in 1989, was herald of the upcoming changes and new formations to ocur in the next years in this country. In these local elections, which were held after the country's EU membership, and under the targeted European conditions of transparency and justice, brought the DPS, political party of the Turkish minority in Bulgaria, the third rank. This and other developments give clues of expectable results of the general elections to be held in 2009.

21. Yüzyılda Barış ve Güvenliğin Tesisinde NATO’nun Rolü

Author(s): Sertif Demir / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 18/2016

The aim of article is to analyze what kind of role NATO will play at maintaining the peace and security in the 21st century. NATO will have to survive and contend with the differentiated risks and threats in the 21st century; in where a new global political order is structured. To this end, NATO is expected to keep contributing the peace and security in the 21st century by; being transformed into the globalized collective security organization, continuing to implement the expansion and partnership policies, increasing its military power and capacity, enabling forces and headquarters structure; weakening or eliminating the elements that can disrupt the stability, and responding crisis as required. However, in order to do so, NATO has to cope with internal and external dynamics consisting of various challenges.

A city at a turning point

Author(s): Klemen Senica / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Matjaž Uršič and Heide Imai, Creativity in Tokyo: Revitalizing a mature city, Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore, 2020, 248 pages. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6687-5 Reviewed by: Klemen Senica.

A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of corporate bankruptcy prediction models based on financial ratios: Evidence from Colombia

Author(s): Jackson Arroyave / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Logit and discriminant analyses have been used for corporate bankruptcy prediction in several studies since the last century. In recent years there have been dozens of studies comparing the several models available, including the ones mentioned above and also probit, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, among others. For the first time for Colombia, this paper presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of several models predicting corporate bankruptcy. Such models have previously been mostly used in relation to European and North American markets, whereas here they are applied to the financial ratios of three firms located in Colombia. The main objective is to corroborate the validity of these models in terms of their ability to predict firm failure in the Latin American context, specifically for two bankrupt Colombian firms and one healthy one. The analysis is conducted using bankruptcy forecasting models widely proposed in the literature and used systematically in developed countries: the multiple discriminant analysis Z-Altman model, Korol’s two-function model and Prusak’s P2 model. In addition, the logit and decision tree models developed by T. Korol are tested.

A Comparative Study of Stochastic Models for Forecasting Electricity Generation and Consumption in Nigeria

Author(s): Bridget Edesiri Nkemnole,Akintayo Akinola / Language(s): English / Issue: 09/2020

With energy serious shortage of the Nigerian Power Sector owing to industry deregulation, abrupt variations in electricity demand, and increasing population density, Nigeria's economic development has been restricted. Thus, it is significant to balance the relationship between power generation and consumption, and further stabilize the two in a reasonable scope. To achieve balance, an accurate model to fit and predict electricity generation and consumption in Nigeria is required. This study, therefore, proposes a comparative study on stochastic modeling; (Harvey model, Autoregressive model, and Markov chain model) for forecasting electricity generation and consumption in Nigeria. The data gathered were analyzed and the model parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation technique. The comparative performance revealed that the Markov chain model best-predicted electricity generation than the Harvey and Autoregressive models. Also, for electricity consumption, results showed that the Harvey model predicted best than the Markov and Autoregressive models for electricity consumption. Thus, the Markov and Harvey model used to forecast electricity generation and consumption in Nigeria for the next 20 years (2018 to 2037) did not only reveal that electricity generation and consumption will continue to increase from 3,692.11 mln kW/h to 18,250.67 mln kW/h and from 2,961.10 mln kW/h to 127,071.30 mln kW/h respectively but also indicates high accuracy and the reference value of these models.

A Comparison of Variables Selection Methods and Their Sequential Application: A Case Study of the Bankruptcy of Polish Companies

Author(s): Mikhail Zanka / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Research background: Even though in recent decades, a lot of new techniques were developed, there is still a lack of studies aimed at comparing the performance of variable selection methods. Bankruptcy prediction is an excellent example of the conservative research field with the tendency to use classical approaches. Although the results of studies in this field are directly applied in banks and other financial institutions, variables selected for these models can be biased by the author’s preference for one technique. Purpose: This work aims to compare different variable selection approaches and introduce a new methodology of sequential variable selection that can be applied when the low-dimensional model is preferred. Research methodology: This study has been conducted on Polish companies’ insolvency data from the period of 2007–2013. The risk has been modeled with logistic regression; hence variables have been selected with approaches suitable for linear models. Results: The one-step methods did not lead to sufficient dimensionality reduction, while the sequential approach provided compact models keeping the high-performance level. Also, this method allowed us to identify the main financial determinants of insolvency for studied companies, which are the volume of total assets and the ratio of profit to total assets. Novelty: This paper compares different variable selection methods and demonstrates the effectiveness of their sequential application for dimensionality reduction.

A Country for Old Men: The Pitfalls of Conservative Political Analysis During Crises

Author(s): Anatoly Reshetnikov / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

I would like to start this reply to the latest forecast by the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) with a small literary digression. Besides its poetic beauty, Y. B. Yeats’ ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ became one of the poet’s most lauded works for managing to express his acute reflexivity about the problem of aging. Observing the world around him, Yeats’ character understood with astounding clarity that it no longer belonged to him. Moved by this realization, he decided to set off to a different realm, a metaphysical world of immortal culture and spirituality, poetically represented as Byzantium. This critical reflexivity about the fragility and finitude of one’s earthly life indeed secured Yeats a place among his fellow literary classics in ‘the artifice of eternity’.

A GIS and multi‐criteria‐based analysis and ranking of transportation zones of Vilnius city

Author(s): Marius Jakimavičius,Marija Burinskienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2009

Fixing the accessibility is a standard issue of transport analysis, which can be of interest to many socioeconomic applications. In the paper we propose and discuss accessibility and other indicators-based urban transport system analysis and GIS (geographic information systems) calculation method for indicating problematic transportation zones in Vilnius city. The main parameter is time-based accessibility from/to the central part of Vilnius and other transport zones in the city. Created GIS application computes the ranks for transport zones of Vilnius city according to accessibility and Vilnius statistics in these zones (street network density in city zones, number of working places, number of equipped parking places, number of attractive objects in transportation zones). The GIS decision support system is based on 2 calculation methods Topsis (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). Application of transportation zones analysis improves the quality of basic environment statistics and fills many data gaps related to urban statistics, providing information to decision-makers and the general public concerning key factors determining the state of urban transportation environment. This paper outlines criteria and models used in Vilnius to develop urban transportation indicators and the reasons why the selected indicators represent the first important step to achieve a comprehensive system of indicators of urban transportation sustainability in Vilnius city. This model could be integrated in systems of urban transport planning and sustainable development planning.

A Greek tragedy of our time? Institutional and financial dimension of Health Promotion for Older People in Greece

Author(s): Milena Pavlova,Yannis Skalkidis,Wim Groot,Agnieszka Sowa-Kofta,Stanisława Golinowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Despite the numerous legislative documents and public health institutions in Greece, the country lacks a comprehensive and robust long-term policy perspective in the public health area. The traditionally higher priority attached to curative care than to public health actions, is the major reason of the shortcomings. This country report draws upon several national reports focused on the Greek health system, and other country-specific sources in order to outline the major institutional and financing challenges for health promotion in Greece, and specifically health promotion for older adults. The paper is based on the method of narrative literature review. The findings show that health promotion actions for elderly persons do take place in Greece but mainly in urban areas and/or within the framework of EU-funded projects. Government efforts are required to stimulate coordinated public health interventions at the local level focusing on the positive effects of health promotion. The health promotion programs that are successfully implemented, should receive the necessary government support to assure their long-term sustainability.

A külföldi tőke és munkaerő szerepe

Author(s): István Polónyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2011

The first article – The effects of foreign capital and labour – by István Polónyi, first analyses the flow of FDI into Hungary – considering, too, the economic theories related to this phenomenon, before illustrating the nature of the incoming capital by source country and the future prospects for inward investment. Following this, the article touches on the most important factors related to international labour migration and then considers the effects of investment flows and inward labour migration on educational policy and the education system. The article also offers a brief introduction to the other articles in the volume.

A kulturális sokféleség áráról

Author(s): François Grin / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2019

A MULTI-PRODUCT VERSION OF THE DEA+ METHOD

Author(s): Artur Prędki / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2014

The paper presents the DEA+ method as a tool for estimating the production function and the measure of technical efficiency in data points. A multi-product case is considered. Presentation of the underlying semiparametric frontier model is followed by demonstration of the very algorithm of DEA+ and a discussion of its validity. Finally, the method is illustrated with an empirical example with selected model distributions for each random variable constituting the composed error.

A Projection for the Turkish Economy in 2023 with a Bayesian Approach

Author(s): Mesut Murat Arslan,Fatma Ozgu Serttas,Recai Aydin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Turkish economy has almost experienced a continuous growth process since the first quarter of the year 2002, except for the year 2009 in which the impact of global financial crisis was felt. As a result of this growth period, Turkey has become the 17th largest economy in the world and has set big targets as to join one of the largest 10 economies in the world. In this study, we investigate whether Turkey would be able to meet its 2023 targets or not if the trends and dynamics that have been experienced during the last decade continue. Specifically, we will examine if Turkey’s exports will reach 500 billion US dollars, Turkey’s GDP will reach 2 trillion US dollars, and Turkey’s GDP per capita will reach 25 thousand US dollars. Furthermore, the path that Turkey’s macroeconomic indicators should follow in coming years and the different applicable scenarios in order to reach these 2023 economic targets will be studied. The results of this study show that those 2023 targets will not be met. So if Turkey is serious and insistent on these targets, this study may be a warning to policymakers to take the necessary measures when there is still enough time and opportunity.

A quantitative evaluation of the company environment for the formation of its effective expansion strategy.

Author(s): Romualdas Ginevičius,Aleksandr Ostapenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The successful development of a company’s expansion strategy, which determines the best corporate performance, is mainly affected by its environment which is defined by multidimensional assessment criteria acting in different directions. The incorporation of all such criteria into one generalizing and complex dimension is enabled by multi-criteria assessment methods. The article focuses on theoretical justification for the application of multi-criteria evaluation methods and their practical application in identifying the actual and forecast environmental situation of the company, and provides a solution for the formation of an effective expansion strategy using the complex evaluation results of the company environment. Through the examination of a specific company by employing the possibilities of the proposed analytical solution the expansion strategy is formed for an effective development.

A SAFE AND STABLE BUSINESS ENVIRONEMENT THROUGH COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE

Author(s): Adina Mihaescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2020

We note, therefore, that one of the notable problems we are currently facing is of an economic nature, of major importance, with real possibilities to destabilize local, national or international security. If a state has enough leverage to cushion the bad impact of sudden changes / threats, a private company cannot do the same. At the same time, a weak management leads to the bankruptcy and disappearance of a firm on the market, which cannot happen with a state (in the sense that it can go bankrupt but does not disappear, and the economic crisis turns into a political one), as Barry Buzan et al. State (2010, pp. 154-160). From another perspective, however, one of the principles of economic security is that we go into any analysis on the assumption that economic agents work more competitively on an uncertain market. It goes without saying that in the economic environment we cannot speak of perfect safety and balance. So uncertainty increases competitiveness, stimulates creative spirit, analytical and predictive capabilities. The aim of this contribution is to investigate the capacity of the business environment to absorb shocks and to set sustainable goals translated into its agenda setting. After the economic crisis of 2008-2014, the vast majority of business have assessed their mechanism of equilibrium bringing forward a new strategy to deal with complex macro-systemic problems.

A Study of the Effect of Social Responsibility on Cost of Capital and Reputation of a Retailing Company

Author(s): Kunhui CHEN,Anxin XU,Jingjing WU,Qiong-E ZHENG / Language(s): English / Issue: 69/2020

The emerging ideology of social responsibility in past years results in many enterprises actively investing in corporate social responsibility related policies, expecting to promote people’s positive image through the improvement of living environment and the care of the public. Although the practice of corporate social responsibility would not necessarily bring in significant benefits in short period, it, in long period, could achieve the vision of sustainable development and promote corporate reputation through external benefits to acquire more supporters and further enhance the profits, promote the international competitive advantage, and reduce the market opinions of corporate business risk of the company to acquire lower cost of capital. In this study, the owners and senior executives of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange's listed in retail industry were investigated. A total of 300 copies of questionnaire are distributed for this study, and 227 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 76%. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to induce retailing managers’ new motives and incentives to execute corporate social responsibility related policies and effectively inhibit the increase in cost of capital and the decrease in corporate reputation.

A szomszédos országok migrációs forrásterületeinek a vizsgálata a magyar népszámlálási adatok felhasználásával 2001 és 2011 között

Author(s): Áron Kincses / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2015

International migration has positive effect on Hungary’s demographic, social and economic processes. Although the proportion of the Hungarian-speaking migrant population declined between the two censuses, it still plays a decisive role. This is related with the cross-border linguistic and cultural ties. If we looked at the Hungarian country territory before World War I and II, we found, that half of the international migration was domestic migrants from the peripheral regions to the centre of country. So, this phenomenon determines the migration network form the Carpathian Basin to Hungary. In general, most of the migrants come from the Hungarian speaking regions. The proportion of non-Hungarian speaking migrants coming from Trans-Carpathian Ukraine, northern Slovakia, Serbia, outside parts of Vojvodina, as well as Austria, Croatia and Slovenia has been increasing. Analysis of the source area showed a colorful picture about foreign citizens living in Hungary. In general it can be stated that the lower-skilled migrants have greater proportion in migration to a smaller distance, while those with higher education dominate in migration for longer distances. The impact zone of potential migration increases with educational qualifications and skills.

A tanárképzés harmadik ciklusa – kérdések és lehetőségek

Author(s): Edina Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

A Bologna-folyamat által meghatározott harmadik ciklus, az – európai döntéshozók szándéka szerint 2011-től – egységes PhD képzés idén először fogadhat olyan egyetemi végzettségű jelentkezőket, akik már felsőfokú képzésük teljes idejét a bolognai rendszerben töltötték ki. Így, miközben sor kerülhet a mesterképzések első tanulságainak levonására, a működés erényeinek és buktatóinak elemzésére, már most figyelmet kell fordítani arra is, milyen módon alakul tényleges harmadik lépcsőfokká a doktori képzés. A korábbi oktatáspolitikai szándékok ugyanis egyelőre csak részben teljesültek: szó sincs például a döntéshozók által várt egységességről, a legtöbb európai országban egymás mellett, olykor keveredve működik a hagyományos, mester-tanítvány viszonyra épülő, kutatásorientált képzés, és az újabb keletű, szorosabban strukturált, a doktorjelölteket inkább hallgatónak, mintsem fiatal kutatónak tekintő oktatás. A sokszínűségben Anglia és Ausztrália jár az élen: ezekben az országokban ma is hat különböző módon lehet elnyerni a doktori címet; ráadásul a képzés expanziója más országok számára is vonzóvá teheti az angolszász modell egyes elemeit.

A tizenéves tanulók médiaműveltsége

Author(s): Csilla Herzog / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2012

Jelen tanulmányban egy olyan alapkutatást mutatunk be, amely a 14–18 éves tanulók médiaműveltségének feltárására irányul. A 21. századra az élet egészét körülvevő és állandóan elérhető technológia jelentős mértékben megváltoztatta életünket, azt, ahogyan kommunikálunk, ahogy dolgozunk, vagy ahogy az ismereteinket szerezzük. Mindezek következtében átalakult az értékesnek számító tudás, illetve képességek, kompetenciák köre. Az információs és kommunikációs kompetenciák az információs társadalomnak köszönhetően tartoznak a műveltség alapelemei közé, hiszen „az írás-olvasás-számolás mégoly sikeres közvetítése is elégtelen, ha nem igazodik az »új médiumok« világához”. Ebben a környezetben nem mindegy, hogy a különböző médiumok, mindenekelőtt az internet közvetítette tartalmakhoz milyen tudatossággal viszonyulunk, az üzeneteknek passzív befogadói, vagy kritikus szemlélői vagyunk. A médiaműveltség nyilvánvalóan elsősorban a tömegkommunikációból nyert információk kritikus kezelésére vonatkozik, és részben azonos a tágabb értelemben vett információs műveltséggel. Értjük alatta ugyanakkor az egyén azon hozzáférési, elemzési és értékelési ismereteit, képességeit és készségeit, továbbá attitűdjeit és viszonyulásait, amelyek a kommunikáció különböző formáival kapcsolatosak. A médiaműveltség abban is segít, hogy a változatos formátumú (pl. állóvagy mozgókép, audio-vagy audiovizuális stb.), tartalmú és műfajú médiaüzenetektől „túlzsúfolt” kultúrában – a média-szövegértésnek köszönhetően – az egyén maga is létre tudjon hozni nyomtatott, elektronikus, digitális üzeneteket, és multimédia termékeket.