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Starostlivosť o zdravie a výchova k zdraviu na vybraných mestských školách v druhej polovici 19. storočia

Starostlivosť o zdravie a výchova k zdraviu na vybraných mestských školách v druhej polovici 19. storočia

Author(s): Katarína Pekařová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2016

Templates for the state's healthcare of the Hungarian inhabitants were progressively created up until the Age of Enlightenment. One of the most important tasks of the state and public health authorities was to protect the inhabitants from contagious diseases. Educating people from every strata of the population to look after their health was also considered extremely important.The school environment brought many healthcare pros and cons for children and youths. This article is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author shows the most important pros and cons of the school environment in general. The introduction of physical education and health education into the school system and the employment of school doctor was a major plus. A school, however, as a collective institution allowed many contagious diseases to spread very easily. This is considered to be a huge minus. In the second part, the author pays closer attention to health education and also the function of school doctors in what is today Slovak territory up to 1918. In 1913 a little more than a half of secondary schools and half of teachers' institutes employed a school doctor. The third part brings an overview of everyday healthcare in selected city schools according to the school's annual reports. The author used the particular example of five secondary schools which employed school doctors.

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Cyrilské liečiteľské príručky z 18. storočia (etnolingvistická analýza pomenovaní chorôb)

Cyrilské liečiteľské príručky z 18. storočia (etnolingvistická analýza pomenovaní chorôb)

Author(s): Katarína Žeňuchová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03+04/2018

Cyrillic healing manuscripts from the 18th century include recipes and instructions for treatment of human diseases and farming procedures in the field and crop growing procedures as well as healing guides for diseases and treatment of domestic animals, especially cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs. In the paper we focus on terminological motivation and its symbolism and information on cultural code by comparative research of folk terminology and issues related to research of language picture of the world presented in Slavic spiritual culture.

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Glosy. Bibliografia

Glosy. Bibliografia

Author(s): Eva Kowalská,Ivan Kamenec,Vojtech Ozorovský / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2018

The review of: - PÁD VELKÉ MORAVY ANEB KTO BYL POHŘBEN V HROBU 153 NA POHANSKU U BŘECLAVI. Eds. Jiří Macháček a Martin Wihoda. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 2016, 248 s. ISBN 9788074225482. - IVANTYŠYNOVÁ, Tatiana – PODOLAN, Peter – VIRŠINSKÁ, Miriam. BÁSNIK A MESTO. Viedenské roky Jána Kollára. Bratislava: SDK SVE; Pro historia 2015, 142 s. ISBN 9788097037666. - MACH, Alexander. PRED ROZSUDKOM. Denníky 1945 - 47. Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo Marenčin PT , 2017, 447 s. ISBN 9788056900383. - HISTORIA MEDICINAE SLOVACA, VOL. 1. Ján Jessenius (1566 – 1621) – Ľudia a doba. Eds. Matej Gogola, Lukáš Rybár. Bratislava: STIMUL, 2017, 257 s. ISBN 9788081271854.

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The Determinants of Consumption of 50+ Population in Croatia

Author(s): ‪Anita Čeh Časni,Irena Palić,Petra Palić / Language(s): English Issue: 07/2020

The aim of this paper is to explore the basic features of consumption of 50+ population in Croatia by using the data from Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe – SHARE (SHARE, 2017). Thereby we use an extended model of consumption that includes basic consumption determinants that are stipulated by the economic theory and empirical research, namely income and wealth which are retrieved from SHARE database and augment it with other economic and socio-demographic features of „50+“ population that may exhibit an influence on consumption decisions. In order to model household consumption, we use ordinary least squares (OLS) method when estimating the baseline regression equation. Additionally, control variables labour status, gender and marital status are used in order to explore whether the household consumption is more responsive to changes in household income and wealth for specific groups of respondents. The results of the analysis indicate that retired individuals have higher marginal propensity to consume compared to the employed individuals, which is in line with the life-cycle theory.

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Narratives on Working Hours: An Analysis of “Pioneer” Brokering Agencies for Live-in Care Work in Germany

Narratives on Working Hours: An Analysis of “Pioneer” Brokering Agencies for Live-in Care Work in Germany

Author(s): Simone Habel / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

Narratives on Working Hours: An Analysis of “Pioneer” Brokering Agencies for Live-in Care Work in Germany. In the “gray market” for live-in care work in Germany, brokering agencies are playing an increasingly important role in shaping working conditions. Drawing on six expert interviews with “pioneer” brokering agencies, this article centers on these agencies’ narratives on working hours. The analysis reveals that these agencies’ understanding of working hours is contradictory: working hours are either referred to as a fixed, intersubjectively measurable category or as a subjective phenomenon, leaving scope for divergent opinions. These perspectives are evident in the assumption of an (in)separability of working and leisure time, and in the understanding of leisure time as a personal need or a valid demand. In this context, constructing working hours as a subjective category thus functions as a legitimation narrative for extensive working hours. These findings are connected to the contradictory interpellations of live-in care workers, such as “fictive kin” and “manager of the self”, and to the underlying understandings of work.

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Crisis as Catalyst? Romanian Migrant Care Workers in Italian Home-Based Care Arrangements

Crisis as Catalyst? Romanian Migrant Care Workers in Italian Home-Based Care Arrangements

Author(s): Marlene Seiffarth / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

Crisis as Catalyst? Romanian Migrant Care Workers in Italian Home-Based Care Arrangements. The COVID-19 crisis in Italy has brought to public attention the labour of almost one million migrant care workers (MCWs) who care for older Italian persons in their homes. Over the past three decades, the migrant-in-the-family model has become one of the main pillars of eldercare provision in Italy. The increase of this kind of care is analysed with a mixed-method approach, using official statistics, secondary literature, and expert interviews. The analysis integrates dynamics in the countries of origin and destination and focuses on Romanian MCWs as a case in point. The analysis highlights crises as catalysts for complex consequences and dynamics of transnational care migration, which play out at the levels of state, family, and individuals.

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Experimental Design and Technical Tools for the Research of Musical Stimuli with Artificially Implemented Complexity Used in the Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Experimental Design and Technical Tools for the Research of Musical Stimuli with Artificially Implemented Complexity Used in the Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Author(s): Lenka Dohnalová,Tomáš Fürst / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This study focuses on identifying new and effective rehabilitation strategies for patients with Alzheimer's disease, which relies on the empirically confirmed effect of musical stimuli. The strategies were inspired by studies of new rehabilitation methods designed by Nicholas Stergiou (Biomechanics Lab, University of Nebraska in Omaha), based on signals that contain artificially incorporated physiological complexity (e.g. pink noise). The physiological signals of a healthy organism contain a certain degree of such complexity. The first phase of the research includes the creation of software in a MIDI format, which enabled the implementation of this complexity into recordings of classical music, and its piloting on a "healthy" population. The following phase will examine the effects of these recordings on patients with AD (in collaboration with neurologists in diagnostics).

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Comparative Analysis of Financial Flows in the Healthcare Systems of Germany, Austria and Czechia: Opportunities for Savings and Assessing the Tax-Like Nature of Health Insurance Contributions

Comparative Analysis of Financial Flows in the Healthcare Systems of Germany, Austria and Czechia: Opportunities for Savings and Assessing the Tax-Like Nature of Health Insurance Contributions

Author(s): Patrick Mini / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Background: Healthcare and pension expenditures represent significant budgetary commitments in OECD countries, with considerable variation in spending levels influenced by factors such as demographic structures, healthcare system models, and the role of private insurance. Germany, Austria, and Czechia exemplify diverse approaches to universal healthcare, reflecting unique socio-economic and policy contexts.Objective: This study aims to compare the financial flows and spending efficiencies of healthcare systems in Germany, Austria and Czechia to identify opportunities for savings and policy innovations.Methods: A comparative analysis of secondary data from OECD reports and academic literature was conducted, examining key metrics such as public and private expenditure, health insurance contributions, and administrative costs.Results: The analysis reveals that while Germany’s dual public-private insurance system ensures comprehensive coverage, it faces challenges in integrating care services. Austria’s regionally managed system benefits from robust public funding but struggles with administrative complexity. Czechia’s centralised financing model supports equitable access but requires improved resource allocation and efficiency. Across all systems, health insurance contributions exhibit tax-like characteristics, with significant implications for public policy and perception.Recommendations: Policymakers should consider measures such as integrating care services in Germany, streamlining administrative processes in Austria, and refining fund redistribution mechanisms in Czechia. Leveraging digital health technologies and fostering transparency in healthcare financing are critical for achieving systemic savings and equity.Practical relevance/social implications: This study highlights the importance of tailored financial reforms to address demographic shifts and rising healthcare costs. Its findings provide actionable insights for policymakers aiming to balance equity and efficiency in healthcare financing while ensuring public trust and sustainability.Originality/value: By dissecting the healthcare financial flows in Germany, Austria, and Czechia, this study offers a nuanced understanding of their systems' dynamics and identifies opportunities for cross-border learning to inform global healthcare policy reform.

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Digital technologies and consumer perception in the Croatian market - Mitigating the consequences of global disruptions

Digital technologies and consumer perception in the Croatian market - Mitigating the consequences of global disruptions

Author(s): Ema Novak,Ana Kutnjak,Larisa Hrustek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Today’s consumers are guided by several internal and external factors that shape their preferences when purchasing products and services. Many disruptions, such as the pandemic and legal, economic, and financial disruptions, have occurred in recent years on a global and economic level. First, the COVID-19 pandemic with numerous consequences on all aspects of human life; second, the sudden outbreak of the war in Ukraine, which shapes new international trade policies; and, finally, the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the Schengen area with the introduction of a new official currency are just some of the global events that influence consumer behavior. Under such uncertain conditions, the levels of stress, fear, panic, and anxiety are high among consumers because confidence in producers has been lost, and prices are expected to rise dramatically. The question is whether such negative perceptions could be prevented or mitigated through digital technologies that could give consumers an insight into price changes during crises and help them overcome or even mitigate the fear of reduced purchasing power. This paper explores consumer perceptions of how the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and a new currency have influenced consumer behavior, whether they have changed it, and to what extent. The research also examined how consumers’ negative perceptions can be mitigated by applying digital solutions. The second part of the paper presents empirical results collected through detailed research to complement the theoretical background with practical data.

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PRAVO DJETETA I ADOLESCENATA NA MENTALNO ZDRAVLJE: OBAVEZE DONOSITELJA ODLUKA U BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKIM TRANSFORMACIJSKIM PROCESIMA

PRAVO DJETETA I ADOLESCENATA NA MENTALNO ZDRAVLJE: OBAVEZE DONOSITELJA ODLUKA U BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKIM TRANSFORMACIJSKIM PROCESIMA

Author(s): Džamna Vranić,Dino Kovačević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2025

Adolescence is a life stage characterized by an expansion of opportunities, abilities, aspirations, energy, and creativity, but also a period of heightened sensitivity, as noted in General comment No. 20 (2016) on the implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence. Adolescents are agents of change who can positively contribute to their families and local communities. Mental health issues and psychosocial problems, such as suicide, self-harm, eating disorders, and depression, are significant causes of poor health, morbidity, and mortality among adolescents, especially those in vulnerable groups. These issues arise from the complex interaction of genetic and biological factors, as well as personality and environmental influences, exacerbated by discrimination, peer violence, social exclusion, and pressures related to physical appearance and societal standards of "perfection." It is estimated that over 11 million children and adolescents aged 19 and younger (13%) in the European Union suffer from mental health disorders. The prevalence increases with age, from approximately 2% in children under 5 years old to about 19% among youth aged 15 to 19 years. Suicide is the second leading cause of death (after traffic accidents) among youth aged 15 to 19 in the European Union, accounting for approximately one in six deaths (UNICEF: 2024). "It is crucial for the European Union to build on its recent achievements in promoting child well-being, including the adoption of the EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child in 2022 and the European Child Guarantee," emphasizes Bertrand Bainvel, UNICEF Representative to the European Union institutions. The Committee on the Rights of the Child highlights that states should adopt a public health and psychosocial support approach, rather than excessive reliance on medication and institutionalization. The aim of this paper is to outline the necessary directions of action within the transformational processes of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which must be based on global best practices, particularly those of the European Union—comprehensive, multi-sectoral actions within integrated systems for the protection of adolescent mental health, involving parents, peers, extended families, and the entire education sector. This sector will, through relevant ministries, ensure policies and strategies aimed at effectively addressing these issues.

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ONLINE TEACHING, LEARNING AND EVALUATION IN TIME OF COVID-19. LESSONS LEARNED AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL

ONLINE TEACHING, LEARNING AND EVALUATION IN TIME OF COVID-19. LESSONS LEARNED AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL

Author(s): Elena-Ramona Richițeanu-Năstase,Monica Elisabeta Păduraru,Camelia Staiculescu / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

Starting in March 2020, our way of thinking and doing teaching, learning and evaluating has changed dramatically due to the reality of the Covid-19 pandemic. Teachers and students alike had to move all their activity online, without preparation or notifications. After two years of practice, we return to the campus. The new reality is not similar to that of before the pandemic, students already ask for a blended teaching and learning. But can't the lessons learnt over these years contribute to improving the quality of teaching, learning and evaluation, can't the advantages of the different ITC tools used to be further exploited in face-to-face activities? Could the identified disadvantages not be real opportunities for their development? This paper aims to answer these questions offering in the first part the conceptual background (online teaching, learning, and evaluation), and in the second part presents the findings of a micro-survey conducted on teachers and students in the university system who have used different ICT tools and platforms during this period. The study will highlight lessons learned, difficulties, and their suggestions in order to create current characteristics of teaching/learning and evaluation. Subsequently, we will try to formulate a series of recommendations that can be applied at the course/seminar and university level that use blended teaching and learning as a new modus operandi.

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PARENTAL ATTENDANCE OF CHILDREN’S ONLINE CLASSES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS IN SAUDI ARABIA

PARENTAL ATTENDANCE OF CHILDREN’S ONLINE CLASSES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Author(s): Reima Al-Jarf / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

This study explored parental attendance of elementary school children’s online classes from the perspective of parents and schoolteachers in Saudi Arabia. Results of a survey showed that more parents (54%) than teachers (46%) are in favor of parental attendance of children’s online classes especially if the children are in the lower grades, but more teachers (54%) than parents (46%) disapprove of parental attendance of online course. Both parents and teachers reported that parents play several academic roles in online classes for elementary school children which include organizing, facilitating, monitoring children’s attention in classes, motivating, nurturing, and supporting online learning. Those who do not prefer parental attendance indicated that traditionally, parents do not attend face-to-face classes and rules for online class attendance should be the same as face-to-face class attendance by parents. Children should be given the opportunity to adjust to online learning, face challenges, develop self-discipline, a sense of responsibility and autonomy. Both teachers and parents declared that parents should interfere if the child is having an internet connectivity, platform problem, difficulty submitting an assignment, is new to the platform or has a learning disability. The study reports teachers are parents’ views in details with some recommendations for better online learning and parental involvement.

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FEAR OF COVID-19, EMOTIONS, AND BELIEFS AMONG STUDENTS: A MODERATION MODEL

FEAR OF COVID-19, EMOTIONS, AND BELIEFS AMONG STUDENTS: A MODERATION MODEL

Author(s): Simona Alexandra Pascal,Sebastian Blidaru / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

After more than two years of the pandemic we can easily say that the entire population has been affected in one way or another. In the process of analysing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, of particular relevance are the psychological elements among students. Unlike the general population, this group had to deal with an additional series of stressors such as the need to relocate. It should also be mentioned that before the pandemic students presented a significant vulnerability in terms of anxiety, depression, and other relevant emotions. Thus, the first objective of the present study was to identify possible associations between fear of COVID-19 and negative affect, irrational beliefs, emotion regulation in the academic environment. The second objective was to test whether the effect of irrational beliefs on negative affect depends on fear of COVID-19, through a moderation analysis. In the present study, a final sample of 154 students participated in this research and fully completed the selected scales measuring the variables listed above. Results showed significant relationships between negative affect, irrational beliefs, emotion regulation, and fear of COVID-19. Moreover, the moderation analysis emphasized that fear of COVID-19 represented a moderator in the relationship between irrational beliefs and negative affect. These preliminary findings suggest that fear represents an important element in the pandemic context that can influence students’ mental health. Also, these results could represent a preliminary step to identify and assess negative affect, irrational beliefs, and risky behaviours and also to identify adaptive strategies to cope with the pandemic. In addition, this study discussed theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future research directions.

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EMERGENCY STUDENT PRACTICUM DURING THE PANDEMIC AT SAUDI UNIVERSITIES

EMERGENCY STUDENT PRACTICUM DURING THE PANDEMIC AT SAUDI UNIVERSITIES

Author(s): Reima Al-Jarf / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

This study investigates how emergency practicum was carried out during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the past two years (Spring 2020 to Sprin 2022) in Saudi Arabia. Results of surveys with a sample of instructors from Languages, Translation, Literature, Linguistics, Education and Computer Science Departments at a sample of universities in Saudi Arabia showed that most universities shifted to online (virtual) practicum such as online micro-teaching, online simulated teaching, remote handson teaching using the Saudi Ministry of Education's Platform "Madrasati" that is used for Grades k-12; reduced hours and days of face-to-face teaching practicum and training; a Teacher Mentoring Program for EFL majors and a Cooperative Training Program for linguistics and translation students. Translation students also had the option to translate 14,000 words remotely (at home), discuss and receive feedback online instead of field training in translation. In computer science, the students could complete their face-to-face practicum in small groups during the summer to maintain social distancing or attend 135 hours of online training courses in a variety of computer fields. Recommendations for further emergency practicum solutions are given such as student-created videos and podcasts, delivering lessons via a variety of live-streaming software such as Elluminate, Periscope and Facebook Watch Party, joining professional teachers and translators' forums and pages on social media, developing Apps, robots, and conducting some learning analytics of students' data in distance learning contexts in Saudi Arabian schools and universities; offering courses that prepare students for remote (online) jobs during the Pandemic and beyond.

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PROPOSED MINIMUM PRACTICES FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION

PROPOSED MINIMUM PRACTICES FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION

Author(s): Vid Honfi,Zsolt Illési,Pál Bárkányi / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2023

The coronavirus epidemic quickly forced educators to use those digital solutions which have been with us for a long time. Distant education has spread exponentially in almost days. Still, neither the educational institutes nor the students were prepared for such a tremendous and rapid change. The main question of information security considerations is the level of information security of confidential, sensitive data during work in an educational environment. It can be maintained if the students study from home instead of the educational environment. The security of the overall educational system is crucially determined by the IT infrastructure used and how it is used. The main elements of this are:  The endpoint workstation of the students learning online from home (notebook, tablet, and any associated peripherals);  Home internet service and its settings;  The central (server-side) device or application to which connects online;  Internet connection and communication and its tools. This paper reviews the critical issues of securing the learning environment during distance learning. According to our survey, the key risks and vulnerabilities educational institutions should pay special attention to during the distance learning when the students work from home are  logical attacks,  third-party incidents,  IT expertise and skills.

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The History and Development of Modern Pharmacognosy in Ukraine: The National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv

The History and Development of Modern Pharmacognosy in Ukraine: The National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv

Author(s): Alla Kovalyova,Tetiana Ilina,Olga Goryacha,Andriy Grytsyk,Ain Raal,Oleh Koshovyi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This historical essay presents an analysis of the origins and development of modern pharmacognosy in Ukraine and explores the founding and development of the Department of Pharmacognosy at the National University of Pharmacy (NUPh, Kharkiv), providing an overview of the department`s history, a framework of its educational and methodological processes, primary research directions, and its main achievements. The paper also includes biographical data and outlines the main scientific and pedagogical achievements of prominent individuals who made a significant contribution to the development and formation of pharmacognostic and pharmaceutical science and education in Ukraine. Over the years, the staff of the pharmacognosy department has authored and published 14 monographs, 8 standard training programs, 25 textbooks, practical guides, and training manuals, 47 lecture notes, and 103 educational and methodological developments. Furthermore, 16 doctoral and 77 candidate theses have been defended at the Department of Pharmacognosy. The staff has also secured 63 author’s certificates and 171 patents, and published about 1,050 articles, 1,060 abstracts, and 16 monographs. In addition, the department has developed numerous medicinal products and therapeutic as well as preventive items that have been introduced into medical practice. These achievements create a solid background for the department’s fruitful development and future success.

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The Story of Jacob Bolotin (1888–1924), the First Blind Physician

The Story of Jacob Bolotin (1888–1924), the First Blind Physician

Author(s): Michele Mele / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Born in Chicago in 1888 to a family of Polish immigrants, Jacob Bolotin is a remarkable figure in the history of science. Despite being born completely blind and the many challenges he had to face in his youth, he managed to become a sought-after medical professional, an excellent pulmonologist, and the first blind physician in history. His story and activities remain highly inspirational today, as they convey a powerful message about the importance of an inclusive environment and the potential of people with low or no sight.

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In Memoriam: Professor Yurii Duplenko

In Memoriam: Professor Yurii Duplenko

Author(s): Vira Gamaliia,Kostiantyn K. Vasyliev,Borys Vasylkivskyi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In Memoriam: Professor Yurii Duplenko (1935–2024)

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PARTICULARITIES OF CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISORDERS

PARTICULARITIES OF CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISORDERS

Author(s): Renata Pop / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2022

The term learning disorders refers to the inappropriate development of reading, writing, speaking and numeracy skills. Specific learning disorders are not a disease, but special ways of processing information, which are due to different development and functioning of the central nervous system. There is no drug treatment for these disorders, only specific learning methods. Children with learning disabilities cannot learn to write, read and count through the traditional classical methods in mainstream school, needing specialized support from speech therapists or psycho-pedagogues who know alternative therapeutic methods. The success of the therapy is ensured to a large extent by the early recognition of the problems and the start of its application as early as possible. The complex examination done by the specialist will cover the following areas: sensory-motor skills, verbal skills, memory, attention, intelligence, learning style and scholastic abilities.

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Explanatory Model of Awareness Factors of Smart Technologies for Independent Living at Home in Later Life

Explanatory Model of Awareness Factors of Smart Technologies for Independent Living at Home in Later Life

Author(s): Natalija Rebrica,Andraž Petrovčič,Urška Lovšin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

Background: Despite the rapid development of Smart Technologies for Independent Living at Home (STILH) among older adults, their market is still underdeveloped. Low awareness is one of the key reasons for the slow uptake of STILH in later life. A significant gap exists in the literature regarding the factors that shape older adults′ awareness of STILH.Objective: The aim is to provide a conceptual overview and empirical test of awareness factors of STILH in later life. An explanatory model is proposed by integrating insights from consumer behaviour, information processing and technology adoption models.Methods: The model is tested with structural equation modelling based on survey data from a sample of 1200 internet users aged 55+ in June 2024.Results: The results support all the proposed hypotheses, indicating that exposure to information about STILH, source expertise, self-source congruity and individuals’ innovativeness directly influence awareness of STILH. Moreover, inherent novelty seeking and self-efficacy influence individuals’ innovativeness, and together with self-source congruity and source expertise positively affect exposure to information about STILH.Conclusion: Based on the study results, interventions can be tailored to help scale up STILH more efficiently, ultimately improving quality of life.

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