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Burden, anxiety, and depression in caregivers of Alzheimer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic

Author(s): Gelanys Castro-Tejada,Franck Díaz-Garelli,Jesabelle D. Domínguez-Garcí,Alicia H Mauricio C.,Angel L. Rodriguez Lockward,Issaell Hernández,Karina Gomez R.,Karla Díaz Mesa,Lisemaine Dieuveuil,M. Rodriguez Tavarez,Melani Peña,Martin Medrano / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) advancement imposes tremendous burdens on caregivers, increasing the patient’s dependency demand. Confinement and social interaction disruption increase the risk of mental health problems. We aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic confinement on AD patients’ caregivers, hypothesizing that the superimposed burden can affect their mental health. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 221 caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease patients in Santiago, Dominican Republic. Caregivers were evaluated using the short form Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Yesavage Depression Scale (GDS) using scores and intensity as outcome measures. Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 18-76years, with 82.4% female. The intense burden was present in 59.3% of caregivers, severe anxiety in 19.5%, and 32.6% with symptoms of depression. Pearson coefficients showed positive correlations between anxiety and depression (R2=0.298, p < 0.001), caregiver burden and anxiety (R2=0.313, p<0.001) and burden and depression (R2=0.216, p=0.001). Conclusions: During the pandemic, caregivers had an intense burden. Anxiety and depression are associated with this burden; therefore, to mitigate the sequels of the worldwide COVID-19 confinement, health professionals should include a thorough caregiver mental health assessment when routine consultations resume.

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Consanguineous marriage in the Arab societies

Author(s): Kaltham Ali Al-Ghanim / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

Endogamous and consanguineous marriage is estimated to comprise 20% of all marriages in the contemporary world. In Arabia, however, it is estimated to characterize approximately half of all marriages. Overall, this is thought to reflect the cultural legacy of the identity central to the Arab family, and the underlying value system associated with identity bound to one’s descent group. In much social theory, urbanization is envisioned as a game-changing variable: once in the urban environment, groups practicing consanguineous marriage, produced as it is by environmental and economic factors endemic to rural regions, would assimilate to new social practices and abandon consanguineous marriage.

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The real physical world and the virtual mental world

Author(s): Makudan CR,Chella Kamarajan / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

Development of a functional systems within the body, which enables differentiation and recognition of signals received by specialized body organs, and development of signals for identification and differential expressions of the signals and their various sources of origin, creation and maintenance of these signals and the associated meanings in verbal and nonverbal modes of expression, and their internal as well as external utilization, verbally as thoughts and symbols or sensory imageries, helped generation of a functional system, which we have been calling the ‘mind’. Mind becomes the method of verbalization and accounting for the principles of temporal and spatial relationships detected either personally by the body or using specially designed external objects or sources received over space and time within the universe, and within the body as experiences. Each person could create a mental account of the sensory-motor experiences and their expected or anticipated effects, and verbally and symbolically encode an account of the relationships within. Additionally, the mind learns special ability to present the tonal quality of their expressions in a manner, which came to be identified as musical expressions, and which have become vocally and instrumentally played musical notes. Mind is the method developed within the system for the expressions of the verbally as well as materially created expressions, which need to be internally developed , as well as externally created and assembled methods, representing the real as well as imaginary world, where the virtual world, mentally created for representing the real relationships, as experienced by the body and internally represented or encoded by using various expressive methods, which are often more complex than the real world they had earlier contacted and acquired through their encoding.

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Role of nutrition in depression

Author(s): Samia Mushtaq,Hina Mazhar,Sidra Khalid,Maryam Younas,Iqra Zahid,Mahnoor Jafar,Laraib Azhar,Mariam Amir,Maria Aslam / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2020

One of the major causes of global disability is depression. Many patients suffering from depression are not able show a positive response to treatments used to cure depression. Initial studies show that parallel nutrition therapy has the ability to ameliorate treatment results in patients suffering from depression. In this article we review the studies for the effectiveness and mechanism of the following nutrients: magnesium, vitamin D, Folate, zinc, omega 3 and vitamin B6. The existing knowledge and data proves that these nutrients may aid in mood management by managing the neurotransmitters, by carrying out oxidation-reduction or by regulating the structure of neurons. In spite of the fact that the preliminary research is favorable, larger placebo controlled studies are required to substantiate, corroborate and verify the effectiveness of the research.

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Achieving everlasting happiness in life through Bhagawad Gita

Author(s): Anurag Protim Das / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2020

Modern world has witnessed a drastic increase in human sufferings, from dissatisfaction, anxiety and depression. To lead a happy and satisfied life, rational and logical spiritual awakening is the need of the hour. Bhagawad Gita (“The Song of God), the ancient Hindu scripture, dictates the most powerful wisdom to lead a skillful life and endows solutions to end every human suffering. So, implementing Bhagawad Gita in our life will grant us everlasting happiness.

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Recognition of happiness from subjective, psychological and neuroimaging points of view

Author(s): Hiroshi Bando / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The goal of the medical practice and medical research may include the happiness and health of body and soul. The phrase “happy people live longer” has been known. Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) can be used for the study for feeling of happiness. By functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMR), anterior right wedge region of the brain (precuneus) may be important for feeing happiness. Both of effective and functional connectivity of the right precuneus were positively associated with SHS scores. Consequently, happiness may be involved in SHS, structural neuroimaging, neurological study, positive psychological interventions, and so on.

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Impact of food intolerance on quality of life among university students

Author(s): Hafsa Kamran,Amina Imtiaz,Fatima Amin,Syeda Samana Ghazzanfar,Afifa Sani,Samar Fatima,Maria Aslam,Shaista Jabeen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Background: Food intolerance is prevalent in the modern world. Based on the methods of data collection and definitions it influences up to 15-20 percent of the population. Objective: To find out impact of food intolerance on quality of life among universitystudents. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 students, selected from The University of Lahore through non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected about their socio-demographics using self-reported questionnaire and quality of life using QOL-BREF questionnaire. Analysis of association between different variables was done using chi square test. Results: 81 (32%) subjects were male while 169 (68%) subjects were female. 225 (90%) students were undergraduate and 25 (10%) were postgraduate. 209 (83.6%) students were food intolerant while 41 (16.4%) students were having no food intolerance issue. The mean score of subjects in physical, psychological, social and environmental domain of QOLBREF was 59.80±14.984, 57.92±16.791, 32.47±14.047 and 59.94±15.465 respectively.No significant association was found between intolerance to food and quality of life of subjects. Conclusion: Food intolerance had no impact on quality of life of the subjects. There was no impact of food intolerance on quality of life among university students. Social domain had the minimum score and environmental domain had maximum score among all domains of QOL-BREF.

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Psycho diagnostic techniques for the study of parent-child relationships as a tool of psychological counseling

Author(s): Olga Karabanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The article presents the experience of using the projective technique “Parent essay” and tests for assessment parent-child joint activity. Indicators for assessing the parental attitudes and parent-child relationships are presented. A scheme for drawing up a conclusion is presented, highlighting the main blocks describing the parenting and parent-child relationships.

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The potential effects of relevant symptoms perceived by athletes and coping strategies upon athletics performance in competitive sport events

Author(s): Sarra Hammoudi Nassib,Bessem Mkaouer,Sabra Hammoudi Riahi,Sameh Menzli Wali,Sabri Nassib / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2019

Objectives: The current study aimed to underline the relevant symptoms perceived by athletes as well at examining the coping strategies which help them improve their performance in competitive sport events. Methods: 18 Tunisian national male athletes specialty 400m were voluntary recruited for this study. All of them were ranked in the top scorers at Tunisian national championship and competing at recent World Championships. Athletes first completed the inventory of stress symptoms before the competition and immediately following the trial, then they were asked to complete the Inventory Questionnaire of Coping Strategies in Sports competition. Results: The findings revealed that the development of the physical and psychological symptoms can impair the performance of the athletes. To cope with this stress, athletes use the Task-focused coping strategies and especially Effort expenditure and relaxation one. Likewise, athletes used more often Seeking support and Distraction distancing when the source of stress was related to physical problems. Conclusion: Its recommend that coaches should keep up related strategies in training sessions in order to control and modify the tension and stress before competition in a planned and regular method and coping strategies.

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Strategic approaches to combat the effect of stress induced eating

Author(s): Maria Aslam,Natasha Azhar,Farwa Murtaza,Samia Saleem,Fareena Manzoor,Sana Murtaza,Nasir Abbas / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2019

Stress is defined as non-specific reaction of the body or mental state to any external stimulus that disturbs the body’s ability to regulate the balance of internal biological mechanisms. Stress responses may be caused by many factors. It may be due to social stress which includes personal issues and life happenings or physiological stress including vigorous exercise, pain, feeling of intense heat or cold sensations and psychological or emotional stress for example anxiety, sorrow, fear and chemical stress including imbalance in blood and oxygen supply.

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A soul searching emotional surgery into the heart of a borderline personality disorder

Author(s): Braham Deep Sindhu,Amita Puri,Navya N.,Trisha Banerjee / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2019

The present work focuses on enhancing the understanding of Optimism Attitude Model (OAM) in the management of individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder. Doing therapeutic interventions with BPD is a challenging task and requires lot of therapeutic jugglery on the part of the clinicians to sustain the motivation in ensuring the regularity of such individuals for therapy. This happens as their behaviour is unpredictable due to their disorder and the rate of drop out after few sessions is very high. Also there is a tendency to be non compliant in therapy as they keep challenging the clinicians for confrontations in a therapeutic setting so that they get a valid excuse for a kingly exit. Implications for this study are immense for the mental health professionals and family members of the individuals suffering from Borderline personality disorder. The limitations and the recommendations of the study are discussed in detail for way forward.

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The soulful leader: success with authenticity, integrity and empathy

Author(s): Arthur P. Ciaramicoli / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

Our society emphasizes achievement, appearance and possessions to the exclusion of developing character, integrity, and service to others. Research studies indicate that one out of every five leaders is toxic; some studies indicate it is closer to three out of every ten. The Workplace Bullying Institute indicates that 65.6 million U.S. workers were affected by bullying.

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Clinical management of depression using therapeutic models: case report

Author(s): Binan Evans Dami / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The case report presents a clinical management of depression in a facility in Jos, Nigeria. Via the management process, clinician was able to assess client who was seemingly in distress, hence provided with a more tailored clinical response. After prolonged intervention of 12 sessions, client was able to pick up and reintegrate more appropriately in his own society. Clinically, client has shown improvements in significant domains of functioning.

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Can mindfulness set us free?

Author(s): Inmaculada Adarves-Yorno / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In spring of 2015 I was in Naivasha (the largest maximum security prison in Kenya) sitting in a circle with 50 inmates. We were doing Mindfulness training together. Many of these men had very long sentences and some even faced death penalties. When the training was over some inmates declared “I may be in prison for the rest of my life, but I am now free”. The following week, I was assessing the coursework of successful people who were doing a Master in Business and Administration in a UK university. I was reading their personal development portfolio (i.e., a piece of work in which they had to enhance their self-awareness). Reading their words gave me great sadness. These future leaders were imprisoned by their beliefs, thoughts, emotions and habits. Internalised expectations had determined the square meters of their own cell. Then, a few months later, I was receiving some deep inner self development training in the mountains, when someone made me see my own dark and compressing inner prison.

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Emotion dysregulation in mood disorders: a review of current challenges

Author(s): Mogeda El Sayed El Keshky / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2018

Background: Emotion dysregulation is not a new concept in mood disorder research. During the last two decades, it has received considerable attention and has been frequently discussed. However, there are still notable research gaps regarding the role of emotion dysregulation in mood disorders other than major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Method: Between-studies literature review was applied to a set of articles published between 1990 and 2016. Results of theoretical and empirical studies were compared. Sets of inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly followed. Results: Analysis showed serious problems regarding definitions of emotion regulation as a concept and with creating boundaries between this concept and other similar concepts. Significant levels of inconsistencies and a lack of systematization in this area were detected, especially in research related to neurological correlates of emotion regulation in mood disorders. Other conceptual challenges were outlined as well. Conclusion: There is a strong need to enhance current knowledge about emotion dysregulation in mood disorders. It is necessary for experimental studies of interest to be aligned with current findings and norms. A rather good base has been set, but there is still a lot of room for improvement as some of the identified challenges will remain.

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The consequences of childhood sexual abuse on the conjugal life of a young woman and the effects of the psychoanalytic psychotherapy as a method of treatment

Author(s): Pilios‒Dimitris Stavrou / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2018

In the present study the research focus is on the consequences of childhood sexual abuse in conjugal life and the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy in the case of a female survivor of childhood sexual abuse who experienced marital problems. The client engaged in three years of psychodynamic psychotherapy with the request of improving her relationship with her husband. Central to the problems she was facing in her marriage was the sexual abuse she endured as a teenager by her father, which is a main theme processed throughout the therapeutic process, as it has shaped her attachment style and has been an inhibitory factor in her relationships with men. In order to assess the impact of psychodynamic psychotherapy in the present case three tests were used in the beginning and the end of the therapy. To begin with, she completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) Questionnaire, and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), which allowed us to understand in depth her attachment patterns, evaluate her marital situation and explore her inner and intra-personal world, as well as interpersonal couple and family functioning. The therapeutic approach employed in this case is discussed, as well as her responses to the above tests at the beginning and the end of therapy.

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Mental health distress and academic performance of medical students: a review

Author(s): Liranso G. Selamu,Mohan S. Singhe / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2018

Medical education is stressful in pursuing the courses and career of medical professionals. On the other hand, medical education is perceived as being stressful, and a high level of stress may have the unhelpful effect on cognitive functioning and learning of students. The research method was based on the review of recent research literature from PubMed, WHO, PsycINFO, and Global Health. Psychiatrists provide the treatment to the students, which are critical to consider transference and counter transference issues, over professionalism, and instances of strong respects and recognition. And it’s better to understand the goal of medical education is expected to train knowledgeable, competent, and professional physicians equipped to care for the sick people, advance the science of medicine, and promote public health. Patterns of proceeding to the school, and personality traits, support systems, and many other factors, affect who will experience stress and their ability to deal with it. Therefore, this systematic review journal indicated many perspectives and arguments about the mental health distress of medical students.

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Social interactions of assertive individuals

Author(s): Victor P. Sheinov / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2018

Assertive behavior is a constructive alternative to manipulation and aggression, so it is important to study the issues related to assertiveness. In theory, it is very important that assertiveness includes the connection between values, attitudes and behavior. This manifests itself in practically important aspects of the social interaction of assertive personalities with others. The tasks of this pilot study are: 1. To identify possible links of assertiveness of the individual with the choice of strategy of behavior in the conflict, with communicative self-control, with the degree of her satisfaction with work, marriage and life in general. 2. To detect mental differences when comparing the results obtained with similar results of foreign researchers. A total of 421 subjects participated in the study: 228 men and 193 women aged 21-77 years. The study reveals the relationship of assertiveness of the individual with the choice of her strategies of behavior in the conflict, with her communicative self-control, satisfaction with work, life in general, and marriage. Most of these links have a different character than those found in foreign studies. However, the results obtained for men and for women are significantly different. In the strategies of behavior in conflict common for men and women are: a positive relationship of assertiveness with such a strategy of behavior in the conflict as rivalry, a negative relationship with the adaptation strategy and a lack of connection with the strategy of cooperation. The average indicator of the choice of the strategy of rivalry in men is statistically significantly higher than that of women, and the average “female” indicators of the choice of the strategy of cooperation and adaptation surpass those in men.

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Israeli settler violence against Palestinian population ”psycho-social impacts & resilience”

Author(s): Jamil Nasif / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2018

The objective of this study was to identifying the psycho-social impact of Israeli settlers violence against Palestinian population and its relation with the following variables (Age, Sex, Education, Marital status, Working status, Area, Number of incidence, Type incidence, Source of violence and Direction of incidence”) Also to know the resilience of these population to restore the equilibrium and its relation to the following variables (sex and area). So this study came as a step to reach for a solid information’s about mental health conditions for those people who suffer from settlers violence, because available information’s has been unable to confirm details of a particular incidence impacts. Four hundred twenty three consenting participants who were suffering from Israeli settlers violence , participant was selected purposively, the sample consisted on a groups intervention participants, which were received first psychological aid from NGOs, during the first two weeks to tow years of incidence. The researcher has used CRIES& IES-R scales, and CYRM scale, the data was collected through personal interview, and used SPSS to analyze data. Results: The results showed that children and adults probability having post-traumatic stress disorder, and the most prevalence signs of PTSD were Intrusion is the highest next hyper arousal and lowest is avoidance. The study showed that there is a significant differences related sex in favor to female, source of violence to the favor of settler’s variables between children and adults. But also there is a significant differences related to type of incidence to the favor of property damage and intimidation between adults, also the study showed that there is no significant differences related to marital status, area, education, work status, number of incidence, direction of incidence variables between children and adults, and there is no significant differences related to type of incidence variable between children. Also the results showed that the total means scores of child and youth resilience measure for all ages was having very high. And showed that there is no significant differences on resilience of population at the level of (α=0.05) according to child, youth and adults CYRM total score by gender, and there is no significant on resilience of population at the level of (α=0.05) according to child and adults CYRM total score by city. On the other hand, there is a significant differences on on resilience of population at the level of (α=0.05) according to youth CYRM total score by city to the favor of Qalqilia villages. Conclusion: The results showed that children and adults probability having posttraumatic stress disorder. But also the results showed that child and youth resilience measure for all ages was having very high.

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Sexually assaulted young pregnant girl presenting with self-poisoning; a case report

Author(s): Shoaib Ahmed Kashan,Bakhtawar Urooj,Noor Jehan,Azra Tabbasum,Sanam Muneer,Munazza Laraibe,Nizar Ali / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2018

Self-poisoning with organophosphate (OP) is common in Pakistani society. It leads to severe complications and death if not treated promptly. We report a case of intentional ingestion of methyl parathion poisoning. Patient was a pregnant suicide attempter who was repeatedly raped by her first cousin.

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