THE 2022 RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR: REASONS AND IMPACTS

Author(s): Sertif Demir / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Ukraine after its independence in 1991, has mostly pursued a foreign policy tailored to the US and the EU. But, Russia deems Ukraine within her sphere of influence and has been infuriated at Ukraine’s nearness with the West and her desire to join NATO or the EU. On the other hand, the West under-estimated the geopolitical importance of Ukraine for Russia, while Russia, viewing the West in economic decline and American defeat at Afghanistan, attempted to reestablish Russian hegemony at the former USSR territory. Hence, Russia attacked Ukraine, despite the West’s warning. Therefore, this paper aims at analyzing the Russia-Ukraine war in terms of reasons and implications.

BEDEN SOSYOLOJİSİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR BAKIŞ: ARİSTOFANES’İN LİSİSTRATA ESERİ VE ŞALVAR DAVASI FİLMİ

Author(s): Özlem Özen,Nuray Tuğçe TOKSOY / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 56/2022

It is seen that the social, historical, and sociological place of the woman is subject to many different disciplines. Especially the studies about women in sociology highlight the situation of women both in private and public spaces. Sociology of the body which is seen as a subbranch of sociology, is subject to various research both within the borders of Turkey and in outer geographies, particularly in the West. Sociology of the body, which has been systematically started to be researched since the end of the twentieth century, studies the formation of the body in historical and social processes and it is also employed in different fields such as sports, medicine, and literature. The method of this study is the sociology of the body which is evaluated under sociological criticism that is frequently applied in order to analyse the fictional worlds and characters in literary works. The subjects of this research are Aristophanes’ Lysistrata, written in the 5th century BC, and Şalvar Davası which was adapted from this work and directed by Kartal Tibet, in 1983. This essay aims to analyse the situation and the motivations of the female characters that are fictionalized in the works. In both works, the struggle of the female characters over their bodies in order to get involved in the political and public spaces is going to be studied. This study aims to determine the similarities between two different dominions by carrying on a comparative study and to reflect how the female characters in the works reinforce the patriarchal culture that they push its limits at the end of their struggle.

ZAŠTO SAM SE 2011. OSJEĆAO MAKEDONCEM ILI ZAŠTO VOLIM "MALE NARODE"*

Author(s): Zlatko Kramarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 35-36/2022

I recently read Kenan Malik's text "I support England, but only in the stadium", which reminded me of a similar fan experience of mine. Namely, at the beginning of 2011, I became the ambassador of the Republic of Croatia in Macedonia,2 and in the middle of that year, a similar sports competition, the European basketball championship, was held in Lithuania. The Macedonian basketball team also took part in that championship. The Croatian national team also participated, but in that competition, the Croatian national team fared poorly, it was eliminated in the first round of the competition. Unlike Croatia, in that championship, the Macedonian basketball players played excellently, they won a great fourth place.

IZVORI FINANSIRANJA VAKUFSKOG SIROTIŠTA U SARAJEVU DO KRAJA AUSTROUGARSKE UPRAVE

Author(s): Mehmed Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2022

The waqf orphanage in Sarajevo was founded in 1911 and began operating in 1913, when the first orphans moved in. This project of the waqf-mearif administration aimed at humanitarian care and care for orphans and poor Muslim children. From the very beginning, the provincial government supported the initiative to establish such an institution. Her financial donations from religious and educational subsidies enabled the uninterrupted work of the orphanage. Both, state and local authorities have financially supported the orphanage. The city governments included regular annual allocations for the orphanage in their budgets, expressing their support for the humanitarian activities of the waqfmearif administration. The first municipality to promise this subvention was Rogatica and set aside 500 crowns for that purpose. In addition to government donations and regular endowment revenues, the orphanage had its own fund. The population of Bosnia and Herzegovina paid voluntary contributions to it, so that by the end of the First World War, over one hundred thousand crowns were paid. The Waqf administration appeared to collect aid for the orphanage during various ceremonies, such as mawlids, parties, weddings and other gatherings. They especially tried to invite Muslims to show their mercy and donate money to the orphanage fund during holidays, such as Eid. In addition to financial contributions, sacrificial animal skins were collected throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina and donated to the orphanage. In some cases, they were still sold and the money earned was sent to Sarajevo. Such collection actions were led by waqf-mearif commissions or prominent individuals. The financing of the waqf orphanage was therefore done from different sources and in different ways, which enabled this institution to perform its function unhindered.

UTJECAJ MEDIJSKE MANIPULACIJE NA JAVNO MNIJENJE

Author(s): Samira Demirović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2022

Mass media, by their way of operation, have a widespread audience that is not spatially limited to a certain community. Therefore, the news distributed through the mass media is essentially content from the country, the region and the world. The development of online media has brought a new determinant, which is the possibility of interactivity and faster distribution of information and content. In this way, online media became the most frequently used media for information, but also for propagating ideas, attitudes, goals, whether it is political, individual, business or some other. Media manipulation is a common phenomena in today’s media, by which certain journalists or newsrooms or the powerful people behind them want to influence public opinion for various reasons. The goal of this paper is to show, based on the analysis of media content, how the media works if they want to achieve a large number of clicks and influence public attitudes, using real examples. Through content analysis, we will show media manipulation on web portals and television. The paper is based on the hypothesis that the media publish content whose sole aim is to provoke a reaction, i.e. to attract clicks, but also to influence the awareness of the recipients.

Zemlja i more u Carl Schmittovoj povijesti međunarodnog prava. S ekskursom o Golom otoku

Author(s): Ugo Vlaisavljević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 127/2022

The article discusses Schmitt's assertion, presented in his major work ‘The Nomos of the Earth,’ that law is bound to the earth, which follows from the postulated unity of order (Ordnung) and localization (Ortung). Schmitt’s view on the terrestrial localization of order is considered in the light of the antithesis of land and sea, which was the topic of his previous book Land und Meer. This antithesis is of cardinal importance for the world-historical meditation of the jurist Schmitt, as it was built into the foundation of the first global international law in the age of the discovery of the ‘new world.’ However, the epoch-defining foundation turned out to be unstable because the sea element constantly threatened the terrestrial localization of the law. The antithesis has its metaphysical background, which Schmitt elucidates by resorting to myths, legends, and Greek elemental philosophy. The introduction of speculative and mythopoetic reflections into the rigid jurisprudential, concrete-order thinking is explained by Schmitt’s own phenomenological accounts of the difference between Land and Sea. It is Sea, intrinsically lacking any firm traits, that resists a precise, objective account and that can be concretely described only in mythopoetic terms. Following Schmitt’s elemental conceptions, particularly that of Sea as a space of de-location (Ent-Ortung), the excursus deals with the famous concentration camp (dis)located in the Adriatic Sea in the early days of ‘really existing socialism.’ It is concluded that the camp, at the time of its operation (beyond an exclusively terrestrial order), occupied a non-place (u-topos) and in fact did not exist at all, or certainly not on the island called Goli otok.

Manipulacije rezultatima pretraživanja internetskih tražilica povezanima s cjepivom protiv bolesti COVID-19

Author(s): Bernard Vukelić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2022

An Internet search engine is a specialized web site whose main function is to help find information. The information we collect through such internet search engines is often used to make important decisions although it may not always be considered accurate and true. At the time of the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), it was noted that a large amount of information and news related to the disease was spread on social networks, but they were often inaccurate and false. The media often emphasise that the competent persons should be listened to and the official websites monitored in order to obtain accurate information. To find such information, we often use search engines. Search engine algorithms work by using special programs (crawlers, robots) to collect web pages which are analyzed and displayed in the form of links to search results on internet search engines. What is not so well known is that such search results are also subject to various manipulation techniques such as astroturfing and Google bombing, which aim to influence the attitudes of those who search for them. Since the current topic is vaccination against the aforementioned disease, for the purposes of this paper, a study was conducted by searching complex terms in internet search engines about the vaccine to find out whether these manipulation techniques are used.

UTIŠENJE OŽALOŠĆENIH U SEDAM POKORNI PISAMA KRALJA DAVIDA GRGURA PEŠTALIĆA: HISTORIJSKOANTROPOLOŠKA ANALIZA

Author(s): Nikola Ostojčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 22/2022

The poetic work of Grgur Peštalić, the Franciscan friar who witnessed the plague epidemic in Syrmia in 1795, is a valuable source in historiography for various reasons. The main aspect and perspective he offered by exploring a specific case of the plague in this work is dominantly historical-imagological. Particularly discussed in this work are the similarities and dissimilarities of the anti-epidemic measures Peštalić put forward in his work and those suggested by the state. In terms of similarities and dissimilarities it has been assessed whether there was a cooperation between church and state for anti-epidemic purposes; in addition to this, the work is a source that testifies to everyday life during the plague and to the social-political context. Precisely this context and the specificity of the area where the epidemic broke out have been an important factor in the research into the topic of this work. The role of Peštalić as a Franciscan has been examined as well as his activities as a member of the clergy and as a mediator between the local community and the government that was distant from the peripheral area affected by the plague.

Class analysis and revitalization of favourite sociological tools

Author(s): Zoran D. Krstić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2022

Islanders’ Heterogenous Temporalities: The Case of the Town of Hvar

Author(s): Jasna Čapo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper revisits the cultural stereotype of a sharp binary division between “summer” and “winter” temporalities in an island town in Croatia (Hvar). It highlights the existence of parallel and competing temporalities that generate heterogeneous social and individual rhythms. The overarching rhythm of summer tourism, which divides the year into “summer” (roughly between May and October) and “winter” (roughly between November and April), conceals other temporalities, both in the sense of how locals perceive and organise their temporal rhythms and in the sense of how they experience them. The article discusses these heterogeneous temporalities and how they orchestrate the locals’ lives, how they criss-cross and relate to one another, and how they transition into one another. Attention is directed to individual meanings and preferences, experiences, and resistance to the overwhelming rule of the rhythm of tourism.

Factors Infl uencing Young Consumers’ Impulse Intentions Toward Visiting Pop-Up Stores in South Africa

Author(s): Miriam-Miri Retief,Bertha Jacobs,Ann-Marie Fiore / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Consumers are constantly seeking out new and memorable experiences. This study empiricallyexamines how external factors, such as the characteristics of innovation (relative advantage,trialability, observability, low complexity, compatibility) and exterior store design, and internalfactors (positive mood, hedonic motivations, consumer innovativeness) aff ect young consumers’impulse intention toward visiting pop-up stores in the South African context. Survey data wascollected from a convenient sample of 461 students from two universities in South Africa viaa self-administered questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis revealed that (a) external factorsrelated to the characteristics of innovation (i.e., compatibility and low complexity), (b) exteriorstore design, and (c) the internal factor, consumer innovativeness, had a signifi cant infl uence onconsumers’ impulse intentions to visit pop-up shops. The study examined pop-up retail throughthe lens of impulse behaviour in an emerging market. The study contributes to the understandingof factors infl uencing the success of pop-up stores in emerging markets. In particular, theunderstanding of the factors that lead to impulse intentions towards pop-up retail, which has beenoverlooked in research.

SUICIDES FOR ECONOMIC REASONS AS A MEASURE OF THE STATE OF THE ECONOMY: THE CASE OF POLAND

Author(s): Jarosław Ziętarski,Agnieszka Pobłocka / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2022

Suicides are a phenomenon observed in many countries. The causes of a decision so drastic as far as the consequences are concerned include i.a. economic reasons. The question arises whether the changing number of suicides reflects the state of the economy. The direct link between the state of the economy and suicides has not been sufficiently studied so far. The authors of this article attempted to identify the links between selected economic indicators and the number of suicides using statistical and econometric methods. The end result is a description of the connection between indi-cators determining economic tendencies and suicides for economic reasons. Finding such a connection constitutes an alternative, much cheaper method of assessing the tendencies (climate) of the economy compared to the methods used currently by the Central Statistical Office in Poland or the Ipsos company. In addition, the results of the study allowed to propose an original linear regression model taking into account new variables, compared to the available studies of other authors. The authors' model is an expansion of rather modest scientific discourse on the impact of the economy on the number of suicides.More than 10 years have passed since the beginning of the global financial crisis. In the years 2008–2009, Poland was considered to be 'a green island', i.e. the only country in Europe that did not experience a decline in GDP. The image of this country from the perspective of the consumer looks very different. The increasing number of suicides for economic reasons prompts the analysis of the reasons for this kind of decision. There are relatively few available research papers that would illustrate the link between the state of the economy and the phenomenon of suicides. The authors of this publication, using statistical methods (statistical description and statistical inference), attempted to link the number of suicides for economic reasons to selected economic indicators. The result of the research was the indication of an alternative method for the measurement of selected economic tendency indices of the Polish Central Statistical Office and the Economic Climate Indicator published by Ipsos Polska Sp. z o.o. 1 In addition, a sin-gle-equation linear regression model was proposed which not only explains the assocition of selected indicators describing the condition of an economy with the phenome-non of suicides but can also serve as an early-warning indicator of future suicides.

AZINLIK-ÇOĞUNLUK DENKLEMİ BAĞLAMINDA AVRUPA’NIN ÖTEKİSİ GÖÇMENLERİN EV SAHİBİ DEVLETLER VE TOPLUMLARLA İLİŞKİLERİ

Author(s): Murat Saraçlı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

The status of immigrants in European countries has been directly influenced by the colonial past of many of the states on the continent and the Orientalist perspective that emerged in relation to it, and they are ultimately positioned as the other of a common European identity that is assumed to extend from the past to the present within the framework of their different ethnic origins, religions and languages. Under the influence of this perception, immigrant minorities experience various problems in terms of their integration into majority host societies and may also be subjected to restrictive immigration policies and citizenship practices based on the sovereign rights of states.

SOSYAL MEDYADA DİŞİL US’UN KİMLİK İNŞASI: INSTAGRAM ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Gamze Gezginci,Murat Özdemir,Canan ATAĞAN,Bayram ATAĞAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 57/2023

The individuals who make up the society, after becoming socialized, take on mass psychology and form a higher identity beyond their own feelings, thoughts and opinions. Thus, a structure emerges beyond the subjective of the individual, which was necessary to appear compatible with the society and to take a place in that society. With the spread of social media, which allows interaction and gives a feeling of freedom, the feminine mind has begun to be reconstructed by the web. He started to design the manifestations of his role as a refugee, the limited space of freedom offered to him, as a part of his self-formation. In the previous stages, the woman, who showed her presence in line with the choices of her own house and belongings during the marriage process, started to design and present her profile, which is her home on social media, with descriptions and visuals that would express herself. The "biography" field offered by Instagram, one of the most preferred applications on Social Media, is a reflection of the roles that individuals see in themselves. Here, the individual unwittingly describes the roles he takes in life. In this study, which was carried out using the focus group interview technique, there are results such as the perceptions formed in the individual as a result of the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious from an early age, that the individual is important in the process of forming an identity, and that the woman acts according to the expectations of the society.

IDEAS OF NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE IN M. A. RASULZADE’S CREATIVE ACTIVITY

Author(s): Goyarchin ABİDGİZİ / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2023

The studying of the ideas of the national independence in the creativity of as Mohammad Amin Rasulzadeh and other writers who made much in the sphere for “freedom”, “independence”, “development” of Azerbaijan and the Turkic world in whole is very actual up-to-date because the historical events are repeated from time to time and every time this repeat occurs at more high level. They are the big personalities who raised Azerbaijan people, culture, literature and science. The works created by them are the national heritage of Azerbaijani people. The communist regime was afraid of Turkey, and both Bolsheviks and Armenian chauvinists who rode a horse in Azerbaijan that time used any opportunity to pursue and annihilate these intellectual people who were in connection with Turkey, Turkish literature and culture. The ideological basis of the unprecedented disgusting movement aimed at the Turkish people was ready for that time. The made-up theory of panturkism was the theoretical-ideological field for the realization of this insidious politics. The most outstanding intellectual men were sentenced to death namely with the brand of panturkism and were annihilated in unprecedented torments in the ice hell of Siberia.

ELEKTRONİK SEÇİM (E-SEÇİM) SİSTEMİ KULLANAN ÜLKELER ve TÜRKİYE’DE UYGULAMA ÖNERİSİ

Author(s): Sadık TOKMAKOĞLU / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 57/2023

Voting in Turkey is done by hand voting method, which is the traditional system. The counting process is also done manually and the official report results are transferred to the center over the internet. Today, technology has entered every field and while people can finish most of their work through technology, the traditional method of voting still continues. In this study, the problems experienced in the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Election held on 31.03.2019 and the relationship between these problems and the existing voting procedure after the cancellation of the election were mentioned. In order to avoid these problems, it will be suggested that voting should be done via the machine. Considering the studies on electronic election, the benefits and harms of the system are discussed. Considering the harms and security problems, the e-election system, which is voting by dialing on a machine without internet access, will be mentioned. The main subject of this study is; instead of voting manually on the ballot paper by the voters, taking the data from the machine by voting on the machine without internet access and making suggestions on the counting results both manually and on the machine. The purpose of this planning is to implement that the principle of invalid vote has no place in ballot boxes, which is the concrete manifestation of the will of the voters and democracy, and that the election results are made in such a way that there is no doubt. At the same time, it is the creation of conditions that will ensure that voters and candidates are comfortable in conscience.

THE MEDIA'S RELATIONSHIP WITH VIOLENCE PROBLEMS, A SOCIAL PROBLEM: PREVENTABLE VIOLENCE

Author(s): Hakan DİKMEN,Üyesi Arzu Tural DİKMEN / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which attempts to explain the preventability of media violence contribute to the body of knowledge. This investigation employs structural equation modeling (SEM). The questionnaire method is utilized to determine the potential predictability of the effects of media violence on public health. The sample consisted of 405 people. The research employed the most common data collection technique, a questionnaire. Participants in the study, who use all forms of media in Turkey and range in age from 13 to 75, were sent online survey questionnaires via a link to a website for online surveys (Google Survey). The study's findings reveal the relationship between the independent variables of age, gender, marital status, level of education, level of income, place of residence, daily internet usage rate and security perception, and the digital violence and response to violence scale. The results of the structural equation model analysis demonstrate that sexual, psychological, and physical violence occur in the digital environment. This demonstrates that the virtual environment is just as dangerous and unsettling as the real world. Sensitivity is required when engaging in social communication within the digital environment. Regarding the mental health of the populace, it becomes apparent that certain legal, practical, and technological arrangements are required.

HOW VIOLENCE IN MUSIC AND VIDEO CLIPS FIT INTO THE WORLD OF NEW MEDIA

Author(s): Hakan DİKMEN,Üyesi Arzu Tural DİKMEN / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2023

Music videos have long been an important part of human culture and are popular in contemporary culture. The harsh themes and proclivity to encourage violence in music videos have drawn criticism. Violence in popular culture refers to activities meant to seriously injure another character's physical appearance. For better or worse, the mass media has a tremendous impact on the general public's opinions, attitudes, behaviors, and time use. The audience and the followers of the religion are unprepared for the violence that is nearly entirely intertwined throughout the music when they see snippets being listened to for relaxation, fun, and tranquility. Because a movie's genre and subject matter are known to and generally preferred by the audience, whereas a music video clip's content cannot be known in advance and cannot, therefore, be desired by the public. As a result, it is thought that the absence of stimuli in music video clips, such as smart signals or protective symbols, constitutes a serious deficiency that exposes the viewer to risk. Due to this environment, the goal of this study is to assess the connection between new media, violent behaviors, and video clips that look into interventions in this area. Reviewing earlier studies that have been done on this subject is crucial. These procedures must be followed in order to guide ongoing research efforts and pinpoint areas for future study. A greater understanding of the relationship between new media and violent behaviors is very required because new media is so ingrained in so many people's lives. Understanding the connection as a whole will improve the chances that interventions will be successful.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAKE NEWS AND NEW MEDIA IN THE POST-TRUTH PHENOMENON

Author(s): Hakan DİKMEN,Üyesi Arzu Tural DİKMEN / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2023

To understand the relationship between politics, new media, and post-truth the evolution of internet was presented. It was shown how this evolution directly affected the traditional media, not only in consumption levels but also affected the role of this media as a political platform, platform that was taken by the internet and social networks thanks to the horizontality brought by web 2.0. Even though new media has been used to educate and motivate voters, it has also been used to spread false information to the general public. This is because there are not enough filters or resources available to verify the information that is contained in them, which helps to facilitate the spread of post-truth speech. Post-truth has been extensively discussed and studied by academics, especially in relation to the rise of digital media. In the cases of the Trump Presidency and the Brexit, several studies on the presence and strategies of post-truth in new media have taken place. These electoral events have served as the impetus for the investigation into this phenomenon. The objective of this line of inquiry is to gain an understanding of what "post-truth" is, how it functions, and the reasons why "new media" provide the ideal environment for its dissemination.

Yumuşak Güç Bağlamında Orta Asya’da Türk Dizileri ve TRT Kurumunun Rolü

Author(s): Fahri Türk,Taner Karakuzu,Ahmet Özdemir,İlker Limon / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2023

This article analyzes the relations between Turkey and the Central Asian states from the point of view of Turkish TV series, which are one of the main elements of popular culture. Questions to be answered in this research are formulated as follows: “What kind of a role did Turkish TV series play in the interaction/communication of Turkic peoples with each other?” and “Do Turkish TV series play an influential role in Central Asia in the context of soft power?” Content analysis was chosen as the method of Data analysis in this article. First of all, one of the factors that makes this study different from similar research is that the authors carried out field research in Central Asian states. This article features qualitative Data analysis. Due to the fact that since nearly 14.000 webpages were subjected to content analysis within the scope of this study, it represents a unique contribution to the national and international literature. In order to answer the abovementioned questions, the following roadmap was pursued: In the first chapter, following the method and literature sections, the concept of “soft power”, which is the theoretical framework of the study, was analyzed in terms of popular culture. In the next section, Turkish TV series, which play an important role in relations between Turkey and Central Asian states, were discussed. Hereunder, Turkish TV series published royalty-free on the Online pages originating from Central Asia were investigated. The authors focused on the Turkish series in order to provide a comprehensive content analysis in the light of the Data they obtained. At the last step, the broadcasting policy of Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) toward Central Asian states were evaluated in the light of Turkish TV series.