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TOLERANȚA EUROPEANĂ – „WELCOME CULTURE” – UN ATU SAU „CĂLCÂIUL LUI AHILE”?

Author(s): Daniel Nițulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

The purpose of this article is to sound the alarm about Europe’s open door policy. The old continent deserves all the credit for its hospitable spirit towards migrants, but if the gates continue to be wide open, without prior pre-selection, we will wake up too late with the Trojan Horse within our walls. This article is against Islamophobia as much as it is against anti-Semitism or against the European extreme (radical) right. A balanced approach to the migration phenomenon is not the same as taking no stance. This phenomenon is like a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it gives you the impression that it can solve the aging of the European population and the labor force crisis, on the other hand, it risks destabilizing Europe’s identity.

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O RADIOGRAFIE STATISTICĂ ȘI TEORETICĂ A PERSECUȚIEI RELIGIOASE

Author(s): Cristian Mircea Pricop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

Perhaps what characterizes the world of the 21st century is undoubtedly the dynamic of transformation. All social planes are in this process of transformation dictated by new technologies, global economic networks, migration. Religion is no exception to this reconfiguration of the world, which is certainly happening at a very fast pace. The local is situated in a global perspective, with religions feeling close to each other, which is leading to a serious rethinking of doctrinal, cultural and social boundaries. This is why the word most commonly used today is diversity. Religions interact in a much more articulated relational way, with particular traditions being moved and implanted in new spaces through the agency of their followers. But this interlinking of religious identities also has negative effects expressed in conflicts, restrictions and religious persecution generated by exclusivist attitudes. The present study intends to explore the motivations and frameworks of religious persecution.

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AFIRMAREA LIBERTĂȚII ȘI A DREPTURILOR OMULUI ÎN CONTEXTUL CRIZELOR GLOBALE – EDUCAȚIE ȘI DIGITALIZARE

Author(s): Virgil Peicu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

In the context of global crises, the affirmation of freedom and human rights becomes important as a survival solution. To know how to behave in such situations, you must be a resident and a beneficiary of the educational climate. Education plays a fundamental role in promoting freedom and human rights. Through education, people can develop critical thinking skills and understand the importance of respecting their rights and the rights of others. Education should provide knowledge about human rights, develop understanding and empathy towards diverse cultures and promote equality and non-discrimination. And when digitization comes to the aid of the educational process, the chances increase unexpectedly. Access to digital technology provides opportunities to learn, communicate and access information in a free and non-discriminatory way. Digitalization also facilitates civic participation, creating platforms for free expression and social mobilization. However, we must be aware that access to technology is universal and non-discriminatory. At the same time, human rights must be protected and respected in the digital environment. Freedom of expression and privacy of personal data should remain fundamental principles and should not be compromised under the pretext of security or other reasons. With the help of these tools we can promote a society that is freer, more equal and more respectful of the fundamental rights of each individual.

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EXERSAREA KOINONIEI ÎN CRIZA PANDEMIEI

Author(s): Timotei Rusu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all areas of life, including the religios life. Is the Church still relevant under these conditions? Is the people’s needs to belonging to the spiritual community, to be loved, prayed for, encouraged still to be met? In this context, the church had to find ways to continue to be the Comunity of Love, offering suport to its members and to the world aroud it.

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DECRETUL NR. 177 DIN 1948 ȘI LIBERTATEA CULTELOR RELIGIOASE

Author(s): Nicolae V. Dură / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

In writing this study on „Decree No 177 of 4 August 1948 for the general regime of religious cults”, drawn up on the basis of the provisions of principle of the Constitution of the Romanian People’s Republic promulgated on 13 April 1948, I have taken into account two indispensable realities, namely: a) the fact that few of the Romanian theologians, jurists, sociologists, political scientists and historians - who have commented on its content - have had an interdisciplinary training that would allow them to examine and evaluate it through such an approach; b) the fact that some provisions of the text of this Decree-Law - to which some amendments were made after 1990, imposed by the socio-political guidelines and realities of the post-december epoch - were in force until 2006, when a new Law on Religious Cults was promulgated, namely Law no. 489 of 2006. Taking these two realities into account, through the text of this study we have been able to bring to the reader’s attention some clarifications and precisions of juridical and canonical doctrine that could be of real help for a better understanding of the text of the provisions of this Decree. Unfortunately, by some of its statements, Decree no. 177 of 1948 has survived in the text of Law no. 489 of 2006, although some of them, such as article 7, should have been taken over in their entirety, since the new law provides that the religious establishments are organized „according to their own ... canonical codes” (Art. 14 para. 2 Law no. 489/2006), and not according to „their canons and traditions”, as provided in article 7 of Decree no. 177 of 4 August 1948.

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SIMETRIA DINTRE TOLERANȚĂ ȘI LIBERTATE – TEORETIZĂRI ȘI APLICĂRI ÎN DINAMICA INTENSIFICĂRII DIVERSITĂȚII RELIGIOASE

Author(s): Ioan Dura / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

Religious diversity is a reality. It has always existed, historically and phenomenologically attested, but now it is much more visible and much more strongly experienced on the everyday level. The interaction of religions compresses distances between people, between cultures. The structure of contemporary societies forces people belonging to different religions to relate to each other, to coexist, to accept each other. Without claiming to be exhaustive, our aim in this study is primarily to highlight the dual significance of tolerance in the relationship between different religious identities (people with a concrete and assumed commitment to a religious belief ) and in the political relationship between State and religion (religious diversity), by showing the extent to which these two dimensions are applicable in practice. Secondly, we will argue that tolerance can be concretized in the sphere of religious freedom.

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RE-VISITING POPPER’S SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY CONCERNING GLOBALISATION

Author(s): Nenad Miličić,Takeshi Hamano / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Globalisation is a phenomenon that dominates the defining spirit (zeitgeist) of our historical time. The article revisits Popper’s critique of the methodology of the social sciences in the light of contemporary theories of globalisation. His standpoint contributes to the establishment of new arguments in the current debate between the pros and cons of globalisation. Here, neoliberalism, the dark side of globalisation, is carefully scrutinised since it is the most controversial consequence of the world’s transformation. Not only does neoliberalisation accelerate the rapid growth of the free market, but its consequences are such that most sovereign nation-states have abandoned the previously de rigueur welfare policies. Paradoxically, the neoliberal economic programme, invoking liberal values with which it has little in common, encourages activities which diminish the importance of regulations and control by the state, ultimately leading to increased social disparity among people and permanently threatening traditional liberal values. Against such a reductionist policy of global social engineering, we oppose the arguments presented in Popper’s critique of historicism and holism in order to revise the methodology that provides the grounds for current globalisation theories through philosophical research. We integrate the facts into a coherent critical argument to point out the shortcomings of these theories and how they can be corrected. Finally, in proposing plausible solutions for the new role of the sovereign nation-state in correcting the negative consequences of the globalisation process, we clarify which aspects within the theories of globalisation require further philosophical research.

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ŠTA SU TO TRADICIJE?

Author(s): Dragan Jakovljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2019

This essay, which combines methods of phenomenological description, definition, and scientific explanation, tries to look more comprehensively into the phenomenon of traditions. The author starts from social and scientific explanations of this phenomenon to problematize the challenging thesis of contingency as an inherent source of traditions. The next step is to formulate definition of tradition and explicate its components. The second part of the essay first specifies the socially significant roles of traditions, in order to finally raise the issue of their relation to cultural pluralism, the ways in which traditions are maintained and treated. With regard to the latter, the author advocates the practice of reformist traditionalism, highlighting its advantages over conservatism and the revolutionary deconstruction of traditions.

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MODELI DEMOKRATIJE ZA EVROPSKU UNIJU

Author(s): Ivan Mladenović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2019

In this paper I will investigate different models of democracy for the European Union. I focus on the solutions that stress the importance of trust and mechanisms of democratic control at the supranational level. In that regard, I will consider different models of democracy for the European Union, both those that are state-centered and cosmopolitan. I defend the cosmopolitan model which includes the conception of deliberative democracy.

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POVERENJE, LEGITIMITET I DELIBERACIJA: EMPIRIJSKA ISTRAŽIVANJA I PRAKTIČNE PRIMENE

Author(s): Andrija Šoć / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

In this paper I examine the analyses of the decline of interpersonal and institutional trust. I claim that, even though different explanations are partially on point, they still fail to clarify the existing problem and propose an adequate solution. In the last part of the paper I outline one possible solution for increasing the levels of public trust – implementing various elements of deliberative education within the existing educational institutions. In the end, I try to defend the conclusion that deliberative education is a necessary step toward raising the levels of institutional and interpersonal trust, and that, if so, this represents an argument in favor of the general applicability of deliberative democracy.

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DELIBERATIVNA DEMOKRATIJA I LEGITIMITET

Author(s): Dušan Arsovski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

In this paper I approach the issue of the legitimacy of deliberative democracy according to how the problem between deliberation and participation is resolved. The assumption is that the decision arrived at through deliberation is legitimate if all those impacted by this decision have parttaken in its making. However, it is believed that the deliberation of all whom the decision concerns is impossible. The representative model of deliberative democracy, proposed by John Parkinson, offers a solution to this problem, commonly named mini-forums strategy. The critique of all attempts at developing theory through mini-forums as institutionalized forms of decision-making, submitted by Christina Lafont, demonstrates certain flaws of such attempts, but it also showcases some valuable ideas Parkinson put forth. After presenting the critique offered by Lafont I will provide my own critique of Parkinson’s model, in which I indicate: 1) the relativism of his definitions, which creates issues regarding the application of his theory and 2) the inadequacy of strategies which offer solutions of the problem of the legitimacy of deliberative democracy through a representational model.

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PRILOG RAZUMEVANJU KRIZE EVROPSKE NADNACIONALNE POLITIČKE INTEGRACIJE

Author(s): Milorad Stupar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

It has been shown in this paper that deeper economic and political integration of the EU does not have to be a good in itself because the institutions of a super state most often do not function as a welfare state in a single country the set-up of which is aimed at solving the problem of negative externalities on the basis of a unique and coherent fiscal and social policy on a domestic level. The motivation for a research of this type has been initiated by the idea of „hidden federalism”. This expression is used in Bojan Kovačević’s book published under the same title with an aim to explain the fundamental problem in functioning of EU institutions which endangers the very existence of this super national political community. By leaving its contents unchecked by the wide European electorate, and by leaving simultaneously the question of ultimate political authority quite unresolved, the „founding fathers” of the EU let the final political goal of the EU remain under the veil of non-transparent political agreement. Their hope was that the economic integration of the European Community lead by technocrats would amount eventually to its harmonious political integration on liberaldemocratic grounds. This practice has been continued by later political elite of the EU except that non-elective policy-making group were also in charge for creating central European institutions that shaped its political content in a centralistic federal manner. Since these latter institutions and policies remained unchecked by a wider public, the question of the legitimacy of the EU institutions remains constantly unresolved leaving the EU in permanent crisis.

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EUROPSKA FEDERATIVNA REPUBLIKA I LEVIJATAN – PRIJATELJI ILI NEPRIJATELJI?

Author(s): Dragutin Lalović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

Seen from the perspective of classical state theory (Bodin, Hobbes, Hegel), to appropriately confront the dilemma whether federalism and modern state are friends or enemies in the process of European integration necessitates previous clarifications of some key features of a modern state. In contrast to the pre-modern orders of personalized power, state implies impersonal sovereign rule as a condition of legal order establishing and subjectivation of man as legal person. In the process of European political community building continental Leviathan is not a barrier to federalist democratic integration of Europe as a republic but its precondition. Their common enemy is Behemoth as a symbol of not only civil war (in the sense of Hobbes and Schmitt) but also Nazi totalitarian regime as a non-state (Neumann).

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OD SKRIVENOG FEDERALIZMA DO SKRIVENOG HEGEMONIZMA: KRIZA VLADAJUĆEG MODELA EVROPSKE INTEGRACIJE I ODGOVORI

Author(s): Slobodan Samardžić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

Bojan Kovačević’s book serves as a starting point for considering the major topic, which is the crisis of the EU’s prevailing model of governance. The author’s argument about „hidden federalism” constitutes a solid ground for fruitful theoretic discussion. The author’s approach explains a long lasting and well established project of integration that has developed within the framework of elitist and technocratic model of public affairs governing. By accepting this perspective in this paper the EU crisis is conceptualized as a process that leads from „hidden federalism” to „hidden hegemonism” as a constitutional outcome of concrete anti-crisis politics.

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SKRIVENI EVROPSKI FEDERALIZAM U SLUŽBI IZGRADNJE PORETKA BEZ POLITIČKE SLOBODE

Author(s): Bojan Kovačević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

After the Second World War a new idea of a European order was born in the minds of today’s EU founding fathers. The way it has provided statesman a rare opportunity for political action, the European integration has given to scholars a chance to learn something new about the old problem of building of an order. Still, maybe there is not anything new that the experience of the integration process among European states teaches us. Maybe, it is needed only to unveil the old truth that what it takes to establish an order is always a decision of a sovereign ruler unrestrained by society’s conflicting demands. Who to believe, Kant or Carl Schmitt? Is there anything historically new that the European integration tells us about political community building or are Bodin and his insights into the nature of state and law still all it takes for understanding the old problem? In this article we search an answer to these questions.

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ODBRANA MILOVOG EDUKATIVNOG ARGUMENTA U PRILOG DEMOKRATIJE

Author(s): Miloš Kovačević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2016

In Considerations on Representative Government Mill argues that representative democracy is the best form of the state organisation for societies which fulfil necessary conditions for maintaining it. In favour of his thesis, Mill offers two arguments. One of them shows that rights and interests of citizens are best guaranteed when they are protected by citizens themselves. He uses the other (educational) argument to show that representative democracy is the best state organisation, since it offers greatest opportunities for citizen education. In this paper, I will defend only the educational argument in favour of (representative) democracy from Arneson`s criticism. Arneson tries to show that the main source of paternalism in Mill`s theory of government lies in the education of citizens as the main criteria for the good government. Arneson argues that non-democratic societies can equally well educate citizens as democratic societies, which shows that the main goal of Mill`s government is paternalistic. Also, Arneson argues that even if non-democratic societies couldn’t educate citizens equally well as democratic one, educating citizens cannot be the main government goal, since it decreases liberties which are guaranteed by harm principle. I will defend Mill`s main goal of government from both lines of Arneson`s argumentation.

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RUSOOVO SHVATANJE „OPŠTE VOLJE“ I SAVREMENA STANOVIŠTA O PRIRODI DEMOKRATIJE

Author(s): Milorad Stupar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2015

This paper explores the sense in which contemporary understanding of democracy is present in the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The author claims that difficulties in understanding the concept of general will comes from the fact that Rousseau runs two ideas of democracy together: the idea which values democracy in positive terms because it instantiates fundamental human values such as freedom and rights, as well as the idea that democracy is important because it enlarges our collective wisdom. The end of the paper traces the way with respect to a possible coherent interpretation of the relationship between democracy and the content of the general will in Rousseau’s work.

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POLITIČKA MEHANIKA I NJENA DIJALEKTIKA – U SUSRET JEDNOJ NOVOJ TEORIJI POLITIKE

Author(s): Neven Cvetićanin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2014

This paper presents a outline for a new theory of politics, in terms of the offer of a new theoretical apparatus ie. new methodological pattern for a comparative analysis of political ideas and concepts. The paper presents the concept of the so-called Political Mechanics and explains its historical Dialectic due to which the different political ideas/ideologies can be classified by the place they occupied in the historical process. This allows new understanding of the political ideas/ideologies in a new way, no longer as an abstract ideas without any historical foundation but as a specific products of historical process, ie. only within a particular historical context in which they occurred. This context is determined by the Political Mechanics and its Dialectic, whose functioning is described in this paper.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF WRITING IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH APHASIA

Author(s): Victoria Maximciuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

Aphasia is associated with impaired writing, which negatively impacts an individual's social life and communication. Writing disorders in aphasic patients are very diverse. This article presents comparative research on the state of writing in aphasic patients. Writing is an important communication tool. The restoration of writing in aphasia remains a problem poorly addressed in specialized literature, lacking sufficient applied solutions. The paper describes a writing assessment program for aphasic patients, essential for identifying each patient's potential and developing individualized programs.

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Манипулятивная природа визуальных медия: от рукотворных образов до генеративных дипфейков

Author(s): Natalia Krivulya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2023

The paper explores the problems of manipulation and reliability of information in the visual media. Manipulation is part of their essence. Distortions in the message arise from a shift in attention from reality as such to how it’s seen by others or who and how it’s represented. The objective vision is replaced by a presentation of the vision of others in visual media. This opens up the possibility of manipulation and becomes the reason for the creation of visual falsifications. Modernity has become the era of post-truth. Visual media are increasingly shifting towards total falsification with the development of digital technologies, artificial intelligence. The generated image turns out to be more real and reliable than reality itself. This paper uses the classification of visual media images based on how they are created. An attempt is made to identify the causes of distortions in the representation of reality at different stages of the development of visual media. The article analyzes how the technologies of creating visual images affect the development of manipulative and falsifying practices that undermine the credibility of the visual message.

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