Макс Вебер по света. Рецепцията и значението на един класик във времена на прелом

Author(s): Edith Hanke / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2015

Max Weber (1864–1920) is one of the great classics of the German-language social and cultural sciences. His works were translated while he was still alive and are available today in nearly all world languages. The author examines the worldwide distribution under the aspect of the transfer of knowledge and culture. The first step of this transfer into another language and culture is always translation, which can be visualized by graphics and title pages. A decisive role in the transfer of Weber’s works and thoughts is played by intellectuals as translators and mediators. The central thesis of this article is that Max Weber has played a major role in profound socio-economic and political transformative processes, and continues to do so to the present. This is shown by selected examples: in Russia, Poland, and the GDR during the transformation into post-communist societies, and in China during the debates on reform in the mid-1980s.

Guest Editor

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Refleksyjny podmiot w świecie społecznym. O paradygmacie i założeniach socjologii interpretacyjnej

Author(s): Elżbieta Hałas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The article analyses the use of Thomas Kuhn’s concept of paradigm in sociology, presented in the 20th century as a multiparadigm science. The unity of the so-called interpretive paradigm is questioned and the transformation of the interpretive orientations in sociology under the influence of postmodernism and critical praxis theory is analysed. The problems of the subject’s reflexivity and the intersubjectivity of the life-world, which have their roots in pragmatism and phenomenology, are discussed on the backdrop of new attempts to reconstruct systematic sociology.

Концептуален модел на рефлексивния ресурс на педагогическитефункции на учителя

Author(s): Diana Zhelezova-Mindizova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The analysis of the traditional pedagogical qualities reveals the multifaceted profile of the teacher and confirms the thesis that reflective skills are an integral part of the pedagogical work. The outlined four main professional functions (communicative, constructive, organizational and gnostic) of the teacher are closely related, with mutual influence and impact. Each one is structured and implemented on the basis of the components of the others, while representing and providing other functions. The skill of pedagogical reflection is contained in every pedagogical function. This competence of the reflective teacher contributes to qualitative evaluation of his labor, and invariably to his professional upgrading, while the structured pedagogical reflection is displayed as an important component of the traditional professional pedagogical roles, functions and features.

Znanost, tehnika, tehnologija, gospodarstvo - idu li u istom smjeru?

Author(s): Ante Čikić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2009

The paper discusses the historical technical and technological progress and its impact on the priorities developed in the context of serving its survival, sustainable development and education of the mankind. The major contributions of the scientific, technological and information progress both to the development of the globalisation and to the strengthening of the social and economic values and relations of debatable nature are pointed out. The research results and quantification data show the current status and the operational possibilities of technique and technology, as well as the use of information science and communications in the County’s production sector. Individual sectors are analysed as regards their share in the County’s economy in the last 18 years. The cooperation of domestic and international scientists and experts that has recently been realised with some of the firms in the production sector is presented in the form of a diagram. Based on a characteristic example, the assessment of the level of trust in experts in both the domestic and the international markets is given. It is emphasised how important it is for the Bjelovar-Bilogora County to be able to offer university education, to have a constant increase in the number of students, and to dispose of the professional and scientific potential needed for the strengthening of the production sector. Finally, the manner in which science, technique and technology should work together with the economy of the Bjelovar-Bilogora County is suggested.

За логиката на точкуването на научната продукция според Правилника за прилагане на Закона за развитието на академичния състав в Република България

Author(s): Margarita Lambova,Slaveya Zhelyazkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

Reflections are presented on the logic of the scoring system of scientific output used as an instrument of the national minimum requirements for acquiring and validating a scientific degree or academic position. On one hand, problems related to logical discrepancies in the scoring system are examined, and on the other hand, the contradictions in which it enters as a measuring instrument of the achieved level of scientific development are considered from the point of view of the requirements of the theory of measurement. In line with the objective set, it is suggested that there are serious imperfections in the scoring system of scientific production that call into question its relevance and logical consistency.

Състояние на хигиенните здравни грижи в УМБАЛ „Канев” – Русе, МБАЛ – Шумен и МБАЛ – Благоевград

Author(s): Despina Georgieva,Sonya Toncheva,Rositsa Doynovska,Greta Koleva,Irinka Hristova,Mariyana Bacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3+4/2018

The professional activities of the clinical nurse are an important risk factor for the rise of infections due to medical service (IDMS), since a great part of them are due to direct contact with the patients.The basic hygienic care is part of the risky activities for the rise of infections, if it does not correspond to the standards of quality and safety.This study has shown a negative tendency to refuse to perform hygiene care, which poses a serious challenge to their optimization.The introduced alternative methods of hygiene for the severely ill in European hospitals, waterless bathing or dry bathing, significantly reduce the risk of infections, saves time, make the activity more attractive and increase the patients’ safety, comfort and satisfaction.

METHODOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE SOCIAL DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH BEFORE THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL

Author(s): Jerzy Gocko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The present article raises the issue of the methodological status of the Church’s social doctrine from its beginnings, namely, from the social teaching of Leo XIII, to the Second Vatican Council. In the first part, the author highlights the substantial role of the Magisterium in constituting the Church’s social doctrine. The second part, presents an analysis of the key social documents of the Church, with particular emphasis on methodological strands. The reflection is based on the assumption that the Church’s social doctrine is not just another ecclesial scientific discipline, since it involves a more complex reality in terms of practitioners, methods, sources of cognition or, finally, the nature of assertions formulated within that area of science.

Nominalni porastek delavskih mezd in načini računanja draginjskih doklad v Sloveniji pred okupacijo

Author(s): Jože Šorn / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1966

Priprave za združitev sil v Osvobodilni fronti so potekale v povsem določenem gospodarskem položaju slovenskega naroda. Zato je prav, da posvetimo nekaj pozornosti tudi temu položaju in še posebej tisti njegovi obliki ki ji pravimo »življenjski standard«. Seveda je ta tema precej obsežen in zapleten študijski predmet, ki ga v kratkem tekstu ni mogoče temeljito obdelati. Zato se tu omejujemo l e na čas poslednjih treh, štirih let pred okupacijo in na nekaj posebej izbranih primerov iz industrije, čeprav gre seveda za enega izmed osnovnih in najobčutljivejših problemov gospodarske zgodovine. Ta problem se imenuje: oblikovanje cen in mezd v določeni družbi določenega časa. Relacija cene-mezde je rezultanta mnogih komponent, na primer stanja v poljedelstvu, razvoja industrije, uvoza in izvoza, položaja na svetovnem tržišču, stanja.državne bilance, računa dobička in izgube določenega podjetja, končno in ne nazadnje političnih in vojaških dogodkov v državi in na svetu. [...]

Recepcja podręcznika „Analiza zawartości prasy” w kręgach badaczy mediów, czyli zaraźliwa metoda badawcza

Author(s): Olga Dąbrowska- Cendrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (238)/2019

“Press Content Analysis” written by Walery Pisarek in 1983, has become an important and significant book in the popularization of press content analysis. Media researchers received a monograph in Polish devoted entirely to this research method. The article is an attempt to show how researchers used content analysis to solve research problems in the 21st century. Due to the multitude of publications in which this method was used, as well as the editorial and formal requirements, the following selection criteria were introduced: The study focused on monographs published in 2001–2018, the articles published in scientific journals were excluded deliberately. Moreover the analysis covered books published by various academic institutions. Efforts were made to show the use of press content analysis for electronic media research. It seems that this approach highlights the possibility of using this method in contemporary mass media studies.

JOŠ JEDNOM О »NEDOSLEDNOSTI U PRIMENI ISTORIJSKE METODOLOGIJE«

Author(s): Toma Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/1995

Na našu opsežnu kritiku magistarskog rada Koste Nikolića Boljševizacija KPJ 1919—1929, Istorijske posledice, objavljenu u časopisu »Istorija 20. veka« br. 1/1994. pod naslovom Nedoslednost u primeni istorijske metodologije (str. 201—222), autor je odgovorio u istom časopisu br. 2/1994. tekstom pod naslovom Naličje jedne kritike (str. 191— 202). U našoj kritici uglavnom smo ukazali na nekorišćenje rezultata najvećeg dela prethodne istoriografije, na deo faktografskih grešaka, falsifikata i nedoslednosti u primeni istorijske metodologije, kao i na uzroke koji su do toga doveli. Odgovoreno nam je u prepotentnom i svađalačkom tonu, prebacivanjem polemike sa stvarnog na pretežno ideološki teren, sa puno neobrazloženih omalovažavanja, diskvalifikacija, podmetanja, sumnjičenja i ponovljenih falsifikata. Smatrajući da polemika pokazuje ne samo sa kakvim argumentima raspolažu polemičari, nego i kakvi su ljudi, ističemo da ne prihvatamo »polemički stil« koji nam nameće autor. Bavićemo se samo konkretnim.

NEDOSLEDNOST U PRIMENI ISTORIJSKE METODOLOGIJE

Author(s): Toma Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/1994

Kosta Nikolić, BOLJŠEVIZACIJA KOMUNISTIČKE PARTIJE JUGOSLAVIJE 1919 - 1929, Istorijske posledice, Beograd 1994

Нацията: мит и/или реалност (Теоретични модели и практически реализации в началото на XXI век)

Author(s): Konstantin Rangochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

The paper addresses the question of the origin of the nation, its genesis and development. There are two alternative perspectives on the origin of the nation: а) the nation is somebody’s construct or б) the nation appears naturally. Thus, in general, the ethnologists are divided into a) „construc¬tivists“, who believe that the nations were created, constructed by some¬one, for example by the elites, and b) „primordialists“, who believe that the nations appeared by themselves if there are beneficial circumstances, such as the developed technological and public structures. According to the author of this paper, the nation is one of the stages of the life of the ethnos and the nation may be outlived by the ethnos, while the ethnos will continue its existence in a „postnational constellation“. The analysis 39 of the statistical data from the census of Bulgarian citizens from 1992, 2001 and 2011 show numerous groups that identify themselves as other from the main „ethnic groups“, but they were denied the provision of eth¬nic self-identification. According to data of the Director of the National Statistical Institute, 9% of the Bulgarian citizens did not answer volun¬tarily the question of self-determination on ethnicity. According to the census of 2011, these people were 102 695 or 1.46% and were therefore denied „ethnic self-identification“. Thus, at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the dominance of the constructivist theory leads to the destruction of the notion of „ethnos“ and its arbitrary and chaotic replacement with „nation“ takes place. This situation leads to terminological confusion and theoretical frustration. And accordingly, the complete bankruptcy of the doctrine of „ethnic self-identification“ is predetermined: it appears to be useless both for academic analysis and for the needs of the state government. In appendices I, II and III are presented three “primordialists’” concepts ofthe nation: by Joseph Stalin, Lev Gu-milev, and Todor I. Zhivkov.The paper addresses the question of the origin of the nation, its genesis and development. There are two alternative perspectives on the origin of the nation: а) the nation is somebody’s construct or б) the nation appears naturally. Thus, in general, the ethnologists are divided into a) „construc¬tivists“, who believe that the nations were created, constructed by some¬one, for example by the elites, and b) „primordialists“, who believe that the nations appeared by themselves if there are beneficial circumstances, such as the developed technological and public structures. According to the author of this paper, the nation is one of the stages of the life of the ethnos and the nation may be outlived by the ethnos, while the ethnos will continue its existence in a „postnational constellation“. The analysis of the statistical data from the census of Bulgarian citizens from 1992, 2001 and 2011 show numerous groups that identify themselves as other from the main „ethnic groups“, but they were denied the provision of ethnic self-identification. According to data of the Director of the National Statistical Institute, 9% of the Bulgarian citizens did not answer voluntarily the question of self-determination on ethnicity. According to the census of 2011, these people were 102 695 or 1.46% and were therefore denied „ethnic self-identification“. Thus, at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the dominance of the constructivist theory leads to the destruction of the notion of „ethnos“ and its arbitrary and chaotic replacement with „nation“ takes place. This situation leads to terminological confusion and theoretical frustration. And accordingly, the complete bankruptcy of the doctrine of „ethnic self-identification“ is predetermined: it appears to be useless both for academic analysis and for the needs of the state government. In appendices I, II and III are presented three “primordialists’” concepts ofthe nation: by Joseph Stalin, Lev Gumilev, and Todor I. Zhivkov.

Unele modele matematice de sisteme dinamice pentru evoluția populațiilor

Author(s): Eugen Vasile / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Some theoretical dynamic system models of the evolution of "populations" are considered, and by analysing them the paper offers the concrete form of equations, a standard and concise form of notations, and a proper terminology and symbolism facilitating the analysis, numerical simulation and some qualitative interpretations or model extensions. Numerical simulations based on the presented models were performed in the MathCAD software environment. Beyond some mathematical observations, the conclusion is that reality is always more complex than the models.

FINANCING – A PERFORMANCE DETERMINING FACTOR IN THE PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Author(s): Daniela VITAN / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2019

The pre-university educational institutions are state-funded, from the local budgets of the administrative-territorial units to which they belong. They can be funded additionally by the Ministry of National Education. Basic funding is provided by the state within the standard cost per pupil. Complementary funding is realised from the local budgets of the administrative-territorial units to which the pre-university educational institutions belong. Additional funding is provided by the Ministry of National Education. Educational institutions may also have their own revenues. These are obtained from donations, sponsorships or other legally constituted sources. Pre-university educational institutions cannot function and cannot perform without the allocation of financial resources to cover their expenses. This creates a direct link between funding and performance.

GENERATION Z AND LEARNING STYLES

Author(s): Dumitrita Iftode / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2019

Due to technological evolution and digitalization education has encountered many changes in the last decade. Students as a part of educational system bring their own footprint on it through their learning styles. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the learning styles of a group of undergraduate and postgraduate students. The achievement of this goal is realized through a questionnaire applied to a sample of 114 students. Particularly, I have used the Felder & Soloman Index (ILS), which is specifically evaluating four learning dimensions: processing information; perceiving information; receiving and understanding information. In order to shape the students’ learning styles, the statements were grouped in three categories and had a five - point Likert scale for evaluation. Even if at first glance the problem of learning styles is considered a simple task, through further analysis I realized that it is a complex process. Understanding and defining the students’ leaning styles is particularly important because this is the key of their active involvement. In this context, Z generation is identified with an auto-didactic and independent learning type and also with a strong desire to choose what and how to study.

SOCIOLOŠKA I FILOZOFSKA TEMELJENJA ETNOGRAFSKOG ISTRAŽIVANJA

Author(s): Renata Relja / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2-3/2009

The basic aim of this paper is to provide insight into the sociological and philosophical bases of contemporary ethnographic research. Accordingly, we start from a discussion of the appropriateness and inappropriateness of qualitative and quantitative approaches.The paper provides a discussion of naturalism and sociological positivism, which argues for the idea of the unity of the natural and social sciences. The application of relativism is recorded, which reflects the influence of the phenomenology of the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century. The anti-realist “rebirth” has also made a significant impact on ethnography, and its consequences are contained in the process of the acceptance of constructivist perspectives within the research process. This paper also examines the traditions of creative and interpretive sociology, whereas in the context of the relationship between poststructuralism and ethnography emphasis is placed on an individual interpretation of social reality and an individual position in the social world. The influence of phenomenology can be read within an emphasis on full participation in certain social or cultural groups with the aim of discovering its key ideas. Interactionist ethnography derives directly from organized assumptions of symbolic interactionism, whereas the contact point of ethnomethodology and ethnography is summarized in their overlapping perspectives which are aimed at interpretative traditions based on the life-world, which have similar views on the role of social actors and which avoid the typical quantitative theoretical approach to reality.

The Use of Hazard Models for the Analysis of Income Inequalities in Poland

Author(s): Joanna Małgorzata Landmesser / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The aim of the paper is to examine the income inequalities of men and women in Poland. We estimate conditional cumulative distribution functions for incomes in both groups of people using a flexible hazardfunction based estimator in the presence of covariates. The conditional piecewise-constant exponential hazard models are applied. Then, we decompose the estimated income differences along the whole income distribution. For this purpose, we construct the counterfactual distribution, which is the distribution of incomes that would prevail for women if they had the distribution of men’s characteristics. The method allowed to investigate the structure of inequalities in the entire range of income values for the two analyzed groups of people. The empirical investigation is based on the data collected within the EU-SILC project.

Stenography and Literature: What did Western European and Russian Writers Master the Art of Shorthand Writing For?

Author(s): Irina Svyatoslavovna Andrianova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

What brings together Daniel Defoe, Charles Dickens, Vsevolod Krestovsky, Nikolai Chernyshevsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Аlexander Kuprin, George Bernard Shaw, and Аstrid Lindgren, i.e. writers from different countries and belonging to different epochs? In their creative work, they all used stenography, or rapid writing, permitting a person to listen to true speech and record it simultaneously. This paper discloses the role of stenography in literary activities of European and Russian writers in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Some researchers believe that the first ties between shorthand and literature appeared in the days of Shakespeare when the playwright’s competitors used shorthand to put down the texts of his plays. Others have convincingly refuted this viewpoint, proving that such records never existed. The most famous English novelist in the 17th and 18th centuries Daniel Defoe can be considered one of the first writers who used shorthand in his literary work. The writers mastering the art of shorthand writing such as Defoe, Dickens, and Lindgren were popular in various professional spheres (among others, the secret service, journalism, and secretarial service) where they successfully applied their skills in shorthand writing. Stenography was an integral part of a creative process of the authors who resorted to it (Dostoevsky, Krestovsky, Shaw, and Lindgren). It economized their time and efforts, saved them from poverty and from the terms of enslavement stipulated in the contracts between writers and publishers. It is mainly thanks to stenography that their works became renowned all over the world. If Charles Dickens called himself “the best writer-stenographer” of the 19th century, F. M. Dostoevsky became a great admirer of the “high art” of shorthand. He was the second writer in Russia (following V. Krestovsky), who applied shorthand writing in his literary work but the only one in the world literature for whom stenography became something more than just shorthand. This art modified and enriched the model of his creative process not for a while but for life, and it had an influence on the poetics of his novels and the story A Gentle Creature, and led to changes in the writer’s private life. In the course of the years of the marriage of Dostoevsky and his stenographer Anna Snitkina, the author’s artistic talent came to the peak. The largest and most important part of his literary writings was created in that period. As a matter of fact, having become the “photograph” of live speech two centuries ago, shorthand made a revolution in the world, and became art and science for people. However, its history did not turn to be everlasting. In the 21st century, the art of shorthand writing is on the edge of disappearing and in deep crisis. The author of the paper touches upon the problem of revival of social interest in stenography and its maintenance as an art. Archival collections in Europe and Russia contain numerous documents written in shorthand by means of various shorthand systems. If humanity does not study shorthand and loses the ability to read verbatim records, the content of these documents will be hidden for us forever.

ANALYSIS OF THE FACTOR OF SAVINGS OF PRIVATE PROFIT ENTERPRISES IN BIH BY APPLICATION OF ECM METHODOLOGY

Author(s): Irma Đidelija,Rabija Kapetanović-Somun / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2020

The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that affect savings of private profit enterprises in BiH. Domestic savings as an alternative source of capital, in the opinion of most economists, is a much more reliable and rational source of investment funds. Therefore, the aim of this survey is to determine which factors can stimulate domestic savings of private profit enterprises with further growth-backs in growth and overall economic growth. Most of the analyzes are mainly macroeconomically focused on total private savings. In this way, there is no difference in the absolute and maturity of determinants of private savings, which is especially important for small, growing economies. This research investigated the impact of macroeconomic and financial determinants of savings of private profit companies on the basis of quarterly data from the Agency for Statistics of BiH and the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period 2000-2016. For this purpose, the seasonalization of the variables used in the analysis by the X-13 ARIMA AND TRAMO/SEATS access. The model includes only nonstationary variables of the first order integrated, which are also coinetegrated, which is a condition for applying the Error Correction Model (ECM). The research results show that in the long run only the coefficients with the general government revenues in the previous period and the deposit interest rate of the company in the previous quarter have a statistical significance different from zero. The negative coefficient with the revenues of the general government suggests that the increase in general government revenue in the long run negatively affects the level of the enterprise’s savings. The deposit interest rate of the company in the previous quarter has an unexpectedly negative impact on the level of enterprise’s savings in the long run.. In the short-term part of the model, only general government revenue and expenditures have shown a statistically significant impact on savings of private profit enterprises. The relatively high value of the adjusted coefficient of determination, 0.607, suggests that almost 61% of variations in the level of private profit enterprise's savings are explained by variations in the set of independent variables included in the ECM model. The obtained research results can be significant indicators for adequate measures of BiH monetary and fiscal policies and can further be indicators for the overall macroeconomic decision of the state.