SEKULIARIZACIJA IR RELIGIJOS ATEITIS

Author(s): Aistė Bukevičiutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2007

The article analyses the problem of the definition of secularisation and its impact on our worldview. The influence of the processes of secularisation on the revival of religion is discussed. While proposing that the concept of secularisation is related to the definition of religion, the article tries to show that a definition of religion that is too broad can give rise to a situation in which ideologies are treated as religions. If we consider secularisation as one of the main features of religious dynamics, it is obvious that rather than being a one-way process leading to the vanishing of religion, it is one that encourages the rise of new religions or else the transformation of old ones.

Sugrįžtant prie organiškosios valstybės: apie katalikiškos sociologijos įtaką katalikiškajam korporatyvizmui

Author(s): Vilius Kubekas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 42/2018

This article examines the uses of Catholic corporatist theory among Catholic social theorists in Lithuania during the interwar period, with particular focus on the social theory of Pranas Dielininkaitis (1902–1942). Dielininkaitis, who received his doctoral degree in sociology at Paris University in 1933, acted as a transmitter of Catholic social theory in Lithuania. In 1934, he participated in the summer school on Catholic state theory in Switzerland. Later on, Dielininkaitis drew on his Swiss influences and used the existing framework of Catholic sociology to develop and promote his own concept of corporatism. Like many other Catholic social theorists, Dielininkaitis saw corporatism as a “third way” between capitalist and socialist economic systems. Interestingly, Dielininkaitis limited Catholic corporatism to social and economic spheres and separated it from political implications. However, in his considerations on the political crisis in France, Dielininkaitis maintained that the political form is an expression of social life. Therefore, his separation of corporatism from the political sphere still remained problematic on a theoretical level; the perceived connection between political order and social life implied that Dielininkaitis’s concept of social and economic corporatism was open to a redefinition into a political project.

The hidden foundation of polis in Hobbes‘s theory of liberalism

Author(s): Bogdana N. Koljević Griffith,James E. K. Griffith / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2021

In the article the author reflects upon the issue of the basis of Hobbes‘s theory of liberalism i.e. examines the way how a par excellence theory of Modernity shifts from being a political ontology into apolitical haunt logy proper. In this light, the first part of the paper – beginning from Hobbes‘s concept of politics as a technique – the concepts of appearance, representation, theatre and imagination are reflected as the foundations of sovereignty. Considering the conditions of possibility for a despotic techno, the second part of the paper puts an emphasis on the structural relation between polis and oikos, and on the unclear, hidden element of oikos, i.e. the figure of the mother and the matter of authorization. The specificity of the mother‘s role in the Commonwealth – as well as before the establishment of the state and the sphere of the political – is first and foremost contained within the dialectics of her permanent absence and the fact that the figure of the mother represents the very principle of beginning of life and of its sustainability. In conclusion, there is an outline of the potentialities of different thinking of sovereignty and politics of freedom.

The Division Of labor In Society, BY Émile Durkheim

Author(s): Samira Cîrlig / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Through this study I will try to present the crisis of the modern world starting from Émile Durkheim’s famous work „The Division of Labour in Society”. Here, one discovers that the subject is, in fact, the departure of man from morality. Thus, the paper starts with the concept of anomy, which is the real manifestation of the crisis that the modernity goes through. The second part refers to the solution that Émile Durkheim proposes in order to successfully exit the crisis: the corporation as a factor of moral cohesion. I will also try to highlight the link between the two central concepts, anomy and corporation, with the help of other concepts such as dynamic density, solidarity and specialization, division of labour.

Virtual Sociability — Between Virtual Communities and Networked Individualism

Author(s): Krešimir Peračković,Hrvoje Petrinjak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Since the 2020 COVID–19 pandemic, the term virtual has become one of the most used in media and everyday speech. There is an increasing amount of research done on this new reality, and the results are still to be published. However, it is insufficiently known in scientific periodicals that the concept of virtual reality, enabled by information technology, has existed in the sociological literature since the 1990s when Castells introduced it to the theory of network society. Therefore, the paper’s primary goal is to consider basic concepts such as virtual reality, real virtuality, virtual communities, virtual sociability, and networked individualism. We will also briefly look at the forgotten classical notion of community as a fundamental form of sociability defined by the sociologist F. Tönnies, which re–enters the focus of scientific interest, without a clear and sociologically known classical definition. Starting from this framework, the paper examines the key question of whether these new virtual communities are indeed communities in the classical sense of the term or whether it is a form of networked individualism.

Child Poverty in Sumatra in 2017 and 2019: The Multidimensional Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA) Approach

Author(s): Iffah Atqa,Azwardi Azwardi,Sukanto Sukanto / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Introduction. Poverty is more multidimensional, but monetary-based method measures are merely one-dimensional. The multidimensional approach is more reliable for describing and analyzing children's poverty. This study only focused on ten provinces in Sumatra out of 34 provinces in Indonesia. There are five major dimensions of indicators which are housing, facilities, food and nutrition, education, child protection, and health. Purposes. This study uses Multidimensional Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA) Approach on Alkire-Foster Method as a measuring tool for analyzing children's poverty in Sumatra in 2017 and 2019. Results The number of 0-4 year-old-deprived children was decreasing for most dimensions in 2019, compared to 2017, except child protection dimension and the number of 5-17 years-old-deprived children was decreasing for most dimensions, except health dimension. 2) The condition of the Child Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) become better in 2019. 3) Education was the most contributed dimension to child multidimensional poverty in Sumatra for 2017, while health dimension for 2019. 4) North Sumatra was the first highest score of Child MPI, headcount ratio, and intensity of poverty. 5) Bengkulu and Lampung were the provinces in 2017 and 2019 experiencing both monetary poverty and child multidimensional poverty above Indonesia’s poverty rate and Child MPI in Sumatra.

Marxova analiza društvenih oblika i ekonomska sociologija

Author(s): Toni Prug / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2022

This article deals with the New Reading of Marx, an interpretation focused on the analysis of social and value forms and associated social relations. Marx’s analysis of social forms makes it possible to distinguish determinate abstractions (commodity and capital in the capitalist mode of production) from general ones (product, money), denaturalizing the economic vision of production, opening up a way for possible understanding of different modes of production and their social character. The article argues that the analysis of social forms opens up a path for re-approaching the field of enquiry that conventionally belongs to economics, whose abandonment marks sociology for most of its history, with the sociological analysis, thus rendering visible social dimensions of the object of investigation, whilst questioning and disputing the monopoly of economic theories and categories. The connection between Marx’s analysis of social forms and the work of other classical sociologists is demonstrated, opening up the discussion of its relevance for economic sociology. Reviewing the new economic sociology, the article shows how its Weberian roots drastically narrow the space for integration of Marx’s work. It is argued that the reading of Marx presented here can however be situated in a more broadly understood contemporary economic sociology that includes a wider range of approaches retaining the multi-paradigmatic character of sociology. In conclusion, the article discusses the relationship between domestic sociology and Marxism, arguing that sociological literature can be enriched by re-evaluating Marxism through the prism of the New Reading of Marx.

Socjologia jako nauka o rzeczywistości historycznej

Author(s): Borys Cymbrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2021

The article is an attempt to look closer at the presence of historical topics in the works of German sociologists of the interwar period. It discusses the political context of the development of sociology in Germany after the First World War and the place of historical sociology within it. The latter was featured by: treating historical epochs as “individuals,” determining the “spirit” of an epoch in question and focusing on chosen figures of an epoch as particularly representative for it. The epoch that particularly attracted the attention of interwar German sociologists was the Renaissance and the figure they paid special attention to was Niccolò Machiavelli. Unlike most up-to-date socio-historical works, those written in the first half of the twentieth century in the German-speaking area are close to the philosophy of history and only a few of them are empirical comparative studies. In the text the topics are indicated that link the interwar German historical sociology with that practised currently. These are, above all, the interest in Early Modernity and theorising the State as a form of societal organisation.

Orientări şi curente în geopolitica românească. Geopolitica, ştiinţa integralităţii teritoriale româneşti

Author(s): Didă Diana / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2009

In the following, we have selected a number of geopolitical works, published in the sociological review Sociologie Romaneasca between 1936 and 1939. Our purpose was to observe in what manner the science of geopolitics, a still new science in that time, was considered to develop in the future. We selected a few significant texts wrote by some important geopoliticians, in order to understand the trends they imagined for the future (for them) science of geopolitics.

Нови книги

Author(s): Plamen Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Postmodernism and the Perspectives of University Education

Author(s): Leonid Vakhovskyi,Oleksandr Babichev,Tetiana Ivchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article reveals the use of postmodernism as a style of thinking and a special view of contemporaneity as an interpretive basis for understanding present-day university education and understanding the prospects for its development in new conditions. The emphasis is based on three characteristics of the postmodern paradigm: change in the status of knowledge in society; non-structural, non-linear way of organizing integrity, excluding rigid centralization, orderliness and symmetry; a special model of contemporaneity, which does not allow the imposition of life guidelines and values on a person.It is shown that the situation of postmodernism has led to new phenomena in university education, which have changed the traditional status and mission of the university. There was a tendency towards the mass character of university education, which, by expanding accessibility, contributed to a decrease in its quality. The change in the status of knowledge in society has led to the commercialization of education, which puts on threat the academic freedom and autonomy of the university, which becomes dependent on the “order” for educational services. Teaching strategies and educational strategies of students are changing; the level of their interconnection and interdependence is decreasing.It is noted that the modernization of higher education determines the formation of a new university – the university at risk and actualizes the task of predicting systematically emerging risks and dangers and developing measures to level or limit their negative impacts.

Problems and Prospects of Human Capital Development in Post-Industrial Society

Author(s): Alona Tiurina,Vitalii NAHORNYI,Olha Ruban,Mykola Tymoshenko,Vitalii Vedenieiev,Nataliia Terentieva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

In a post-industrial society, the analysis of human abilities to work, their formation, reproduction and effective functioning is becoming increasingly important for achieving social and economic well-being. In the realities of globalization and total informatization, the figure of a person with his knowledge, creative and intellectual abilities comes to the fore. There is a reorientation of economics from the use of labor resources to the problems of creating a qualitatively new workforce, which takes the form of human capital.The concept of human capital testifies not only to the crucial role of man in the socio-economic system of post-industrial society, but also the need to invest in man, his education, training, health and livelihood, which are now priorities not only for individuals but also various government projects and programs. The state of human capital development is measured using the human capital index, which is calculated for each country separately. In contrast to other studies, the article focuses on the development and importance of human capital in the realities of post-industrial society. Namely, the concept of human capital in the realities of post-industrial society is considered, the state of human capital development in modern conditions is analyzed, the influence and challenges of post-industrial society on human capital development are studied and the method of comparative analysis is applied.

Türk Sosyoloji Tarihini Tartışmalar Üzerinden Okumak: Tanyol-Boran Tartışması Örneği (1962)

Author(s): Mehmet Ali AKYURT,Muhammed Fazıl BAŞ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 21/2023

Parallel to the 70s’ inclination towards new historiographies of sociology, controversy-based readings spread. This relational approach avoids both anachronism and antiquarianism by focusing on historical debates that are also relevant for today. It enables to see contributions of forgotten actors, and helps to understand the sociological topography based on continuities between issues and parties. The history of Turkish sociology is rich of debates. From 1890’s to the Second Constitutional Era, there has been many ‘presociological debates’ regarding politics, economics, law, culture and education, followed by ‘sociological debates’ such as culturecivilization controversy in 1930’s. Debates on Turkish social structure became widespread in 1960’s, and created divergence/ convergence among social scientists. Analyzing the debate between Cahit Tanyol and Behice Boran published in Yön magazine in 1962, this research tries to exemplify a controversybased study on the history of Turkish sociology, with a special focus on distinctions between parties and their historical continuity.

PREVENTION. THE KEY FOR FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN IN RISK SITUATION

Author(s): Romana Oneţ / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

Marginalized people are facing socio-economic challenges that are difficult to overcome without early intervention and without specialized support: lack of jobs, poor access to health services, lack of sources of income, increased cost of living, increased indirect costs related to education and school attendance, low school attendance on the part of children and young people. The measures of early detection of social risk and intervention situations lead to positive effects in preventing marginalization and social exclusion. In this sense, problems were identified in the early detection of the risk factors favoring, raised by the lack of proactive provision of preventive services in the community, the lack of communication between the social service providers and the local institutions, respectively the mismatch between the actions of the different organizations regarding the identification of cases in risk situations and the monitoring of interventions. Prevention of risk situations for vulnerable families (low-income families, single-parent families or those with 2 or more children) or socially marginalized people (homeless people, Roma people, people in emergency situations), can be achieved through concrete measures of financial / material support, specific and adapted to the individual needs; information and advisory services to facilitate access to education, employment, health, housing; awareness raising and awareness campaigns to promote positive models, community principles and values, especially on issues related to discrimination of any kind.

FAMILY - FRAMEWORK FOR SATISFYING THE CHILD'S NEEDS

Author(s): Rodica Bolojan (Ștef) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2020

Preschoolers and their families! haven't I known them from my teaching activity for 30 years? that's right, I know them well! From a didactic, managerial, human, subjective relational perspective. The family ? yes, and the family knows it, I have it, I have neighbors, friends, I have opinions, obviously subjective. How could this personal and professional knowledge be integrated into a scientific approach and what would it be like to be raised to another level of knowledge? Identify new approach strategies ?, new research methods and techniques that allow me to better understand it ?, solutions to solve the problems faced by early education, many families? The answer to these and other questions is at stake in my doctoral dissertation on "Parent Satisfaction with Educational Services in Preschool Education." The sociological perspective - a way of looking, studying and explaining social life. An analysis of society from a certain point of view. This study will allow me to make a contribution to solving major social problems: education. Having a sociological perspective also involves opening up to other socio-human sciences, such as psychology-social. General psychology is the central science of man as an individual, social psychology deals with the way personality and behavior are influenced by social context, it is the science of psychological relationships between people. To have a sociological perspective, says Maria-Ana Georgescu, means to understand "how" and "why" social processes occur, it means to accept cultural differentiations, it means to play a practical role in optimizing social life. " (Gerogescu, 2005). This research will be a challenge for me to detach myself from the familiar professional (teacher) and personal experience, to overcome the particular aspects studied from a pedagogical perspective to a scientific sociological perspective. The removal of prejudices is closely linked to the problem of objectivity in sociology. Each individual has developed a life experience starting from knowledge at the level of common sense. Sociology can confirm or disprove knowledge in common sense, unsystematic. The scientific perspective, says Maria-Ana Georgescu, begins only when we become aware that most of our peers make impermissible generalizations, when we are able to control our own impressions and strive not to affect our research work.

ON THE SMALL TOWNS’ HEALTH AND URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY, SOUTHEAST EUROPE: THE CASE STUDY OF PITESTI, ROMANIA

Author(s): Aurel Radu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 21/2020

The argument of this article is grounded in a critical analysis of a Report on the health and urban infrastructure of Pitesti, Romania, authored by the medical practitioner Ion Corsin in the early1900th. It contrasts the evidence claims in this report with other similar historical documents in order to understand differential access to health and urban infrastructure across the population. I found that the major conclusion of this report - that ethnic and religious minorities (the Jewish and Catholic population) enjoyed better living standards than the majority Orthodox population – stands partially true but requires analytical refinement. First, the Orthodox population subsumed the suburbanites and the Roma people who indeed suffered (much) poorer living conditions. Second, the town’s substantial Protestant minority seemed to have been subsumed into the Catholic group. However, these taxonomic inacurracies express the understandings of the time, of the author and the medical profession in particular and of the elite more broadly. The article contributes to a better understanding of the urban inequalities in the early 1900s Europe’s peripheral spaces.

MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR CRISIS PERIODS – CORONAVIRUS CRISIS

Author(s): Corina Ana Borcoși / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2020

Managerial tools, represented by management methods and techniques are a complex set of managerial elements that have the role of amplifying the functionality, competitiveness of organizations, in the current context of crisis, coronavirus crisis. The managerial tools are meant to contribute to the conception and exercise of the functions but also of the managerial relations of the companies. The paper describes the current situation of coronavirus crisis, which affects the lives of people and companies and presents the main methods and management techniques that can help affected organizations to overcome this crisis that seems to never end.

PANDEMIC AND THE RITES OF PASSAGE

Author(s): Gabriela-Mariana Luca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 22/2020

Our species is a cultural species and getting into the spirit of culture means, among other things, getting closer to the everyday life of people through storytelling. The gestures by which one awakens, the acts by which he prepares for the day, the hierarchy of things important to him, all compete for a portrait of an individual and, by extension, of a group, giving us, anthropologists, the extraordinary privilege of understanding the extraordinary diversity of cultures and presenting it to other people. Each one of us is a story in our own right (we are born, we live, we cross thresholds of initiation, of age, profession, social status etc. - rites of passage, as they are called classic in anthropology by Van Gennep).We are going through a very sensitive historical period through this pandemic. It surprised us and affected us all. Our lives will keep this imprint because many things have changed. The way people relate to illness, suffering, joy, personal values has different accents. For a few months, the world stopped. Our article takes a look at this very (im) possibility to cross the classic thresholds of what we call the life cycle in the space of our own home.

THE IMPACT OF THE MEDIA ON THE YOUNG GENERATION (EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM)

Author(s): Oliviana Elena Epurescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 22/2020

Mass media has a strong influence on young minds. According to a survey, young people spend an average of 4 hours and 48 minutes a day in front of a TV, computer or telephone. What is worth noting is that people do not understand that the message sent by the press or television programs is that violence in the media leads to increased violence in society. In recent years, the computer has become one of the main shapers of young minds. The computer is widely used in other countries. Today’s young people are exposed to pressures and problems that previous generations did not know. No wonder we often worry about their behaviour! Is there anything you can do to help them? The purpose of introducing the media was to give everyone access to the necessary information. Hence the motivation for choosing this theme.

TO WHAT EXTENT CAN THE HISTORY BE PROPHESYED?

Author(s): Nicolae Iuga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2020

Here we have critically analysed certain optimistic and simplified views on social determinism and we have consequently analysed the theories’ prediction capacity as regard the forthcoming evolution of society. During this critical examination we have revealed the role of the unconscious, irrational and random factors which contribute to the creation of historic events. We have also revealed the nature of emergent causality, as a specific type of causality, which blends on hazard and shows the value at the light.