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this article presents a historical overview of the development of social pedagogy since its very beginnings throughout recent days. The analysis enables identification of several key stages related to the dominant understanding of social pedagogy in a certain historical period. The first one refers to the concept of education for community that is developed by several German philosophers and educators whose theories have marked out the development of social pedagogy during the 19th century. Than the relationship with social work has been elaborated in which social pedagogy has been defined as the third area of educational work with children and young people, besides the family and the school. The most recent approach is the holistic one, which determines social pedagogy as unity of education and care and raises a number of questions about the professional identity of social practitioners. At the end, the article examines the development of social pedagogy in Macedonia and the contribution of Prof. Lakinska in its establishment as a university discipline and a research area.
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The model of society put forward by Marxist theoreticians as descriptive of a post-revolutionary society had a quasi-constitutional status in countries that claimed to adhere to Soviet-type socialism, particularly those of Eastern Europe. As the model’s main function was to legitimise the actions of those who wielded power, it acquired doctrinal significance. In the Eastern European countries, the history of the sociology of social structure and stratification clearly illustrates the conservative nature of official doctrine. However, the real mechanisms of society, in so far as they deviated from the official paradigm, upset doctrinal stability and may consequently have led, if not to a revision of the official dogmas, then to the acceptance of a certain degree of flexibility. In order to understand the development of the theoretical analysis of social stratification and social inequalities (the most sensitive area of debate) in totalitarian and post-totalitarian Soviet type societies, it must be noted that post-war sociology has reflected a continuing effort by sociologists to create an independent scientific framework for their discipline. This is why we try, in this article, to combine evaluating the attitudes of different Eastern European sociologists from across the political spectrum with the evolution and adaptation of their theoretical approaches and creativity.
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The post-war history of Romanian sociology followed a tortuous path, similar to the evolutions within other countries of the Soviet Bloc. Defined as a “bourgeois” and “reactionary” social science, sociology was purged from the academic field for almost two decades. Its subsequent re-institutionalisation in the mid-1960s was a process largely influenced by social evolution in Romania (industrialisation, urbanisation, and the collectivisation of agriculture), but also by the desire to re-connect the Romanian social sciences to the international field of dialogue and debates. My paper discusses not only the institutional articulation and development of sociology in communist Romania, but also how the discipline was re-imagined and re-contextualised by the regime.
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For all the post-war decades sociology in Poland has been focused on problems that are typical of peripheral modernising societies. The aim of this text is to identify, from today’s perspective, successive stages of sociology’s development after the Second World War. In the beginning, sociology was focused on perceiving the communist revolution as a social laboratory. In the 1960s and 1970s, Polish society underwent enforced industrialisation and urbanisation. In the next decade, studies were dominated by critical analysis of the communist system in crisis. After 1989, social scientists started to study the post-communist transformation, which was seen as a “return to normality.” The entire time, sociological studies oscillated between the monitoring of project implementation and the recording of new grass roots processes. The author considers that sociology’s recent departure from the narrative of catching up and imitation creates a chance for a more precise view of social processes in Poland.
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This article covers the development of sociology as a scientific discipline in Belarus in the period of the 1960s through 1980s. It analyses the close interrelation between sociological and philosophical knowledge. It also looks at the phenomenon of the double identity of the sociologist and the philosopher, leading to their reciprocal influence. The indirect influences of Western sociological and philosophical conceptions are explained as an important source of sociology’s development. Analysis shows that some Western ideas were known rather well and were presented in academic publications and textbooks in the form of “criticism of bourgeois science,” which, despite its critical form, could often provide real information. Analysis of the main texts (monographs, textbooks, and dictionaries, as well as memoirs) helps to cover the main problems, approaches, works, and concepts that were transferred to, and referred to, in Belarusian sociology in the period of the 1960s through 1980s. The process of transfer had a slow but permanent and constant character and the usage of Western conceptions became ever more normal and legitimated. The findings reveal the real importance of “Western” knowledge as a “shadow” factor in the development of sociology (often in close connection with philosophy) in Soviet Belarus in the 1960s through 1980s.
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This paper investigates the impact of Europeanisation dynamics on the formation and development of sociology in Slovenia and Austria. Compared are problem choice in research areas, topics, and the language of citations of sociological knowledge published in two sociology journals, Družboslovne razprave and Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie over a 30-year period (1986–2015). Methodologically, the bibliometric analysis of journals was undertaken as a study entailing two distinct phases and methods of comparison. The empirical findings indicate that society’s structural change, political transformation and European integration have been subject to much more research among Slovenian sociologists than among their Austrian colleagues.
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Ovaj napis nema pretenzije da pruži iscrpan, celovit prikaz razvoja sociološke teorije u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji. Zbog uskog prostora, a i zbog neophodnosti potpunijeg istraživanja, izlaganje će biti ograničeno na neke karakteristične crte, probleme i teorijske konflikte kroz koje je prolazila sociološka misao u ovim našim uslovima.
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The present paper aims to explore the relation which might occur between the professional field of mass-media, the laws of economic games and the political influence exerted by the media. In its first part I have presented, by starting from the concept of public sphere as theorized by J. Habermas, the function which the media assumes in a democracy. After this I tried to show, by characterizing the Eastern European media, what the differences are between the model of classic liberalism and the realities from Eastern Europe. In the last part of the paper I have tried to question the hypothesis drawn by the American professor P. Gross, according to which the economical liberalization of the mass-media may lead to the professionalization of the field. I have pointed out some features which make the Romanian media highly incompatible with such a hypothesis.
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Kao rezultat složenog razvoja nauke i procesa sve veća diferencijacija i integracija naučnih istraživanja i znanja o prirodi, ljudskom društvu i čoveku pojavljuju se nove oblasti međudisciplinskih studija i granične discipline.
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W polskiej debacie publicznej powraca regularnie dyskusja dotycząca praw dziecka. W kontekście tym najczęściej wskazuje się na relację, jaka istnieje pomiędzy dzieckiem oraz jego rodzicami. Równie często pojawia się do kwestia prawa dziecka do ochrony zdrowia. Obszar ten określić należy mianem unikalnego. Zarówno bowiem polska ustawa o Rzeczniku Praw Dziecka, jak i powstała z polskiej inicjatywy Konwencja o prawach dziecka wskazują, iż dziecko w sposób szczególny winno mieć zagwarantowane prawo do ochrony zdrowia. W ujęciu tym wskazuje się również na unikalne zagadnienie, jakim jest zdrowie psychiczne dziecka. Analizując ten temat, dostrzec można istotne uwagi oraz refleksje. Obserwując bowiem codzienną rzeczywistość oddziałów psychiatrycznych przeznaczonych dla dzieci oraz młodzieży, uznać można, iż niejednokrotnie miejsca te przypominają placówki resocjalizacyjne. Badając sprawy małoletnich pacjentów, widać również praktyczne dylematy dotyczące ochrony praw dzieci w szpitalu psychiatrycznym. Zastanowić się zatem warto, czy w tego typu oddziałach mogą one liczyć na dodatkową opiekę pielęgnacyjną sprawowaną przez rodziców? Czym w podobnej sytuacji klinicznej będzie naruszenie godności młodych pacjentów? Czy zgodę na leczenie (terapię) winni wydawać jedynie ich rodzice? Czy dzieci mają prawo do informacji na temat leczenia? Czy mogą oczekiwać zachowania przez psychologa tajemnicy? W prezentowanym artykule podjęta zostanie próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na te pytania.
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The article considers the “sociology of exceptionality” of the contemporary French art sociologist Natalie Heinich, who corrected, developed and widely applied the sociology of the artistic field elaborated by P. Bourdieu during the 19th century. She pays much attention to the formation of an autonomous artistic field and the social institutes connected with the artist’s identity and status. She explores exhaustively these aspects against a wide historical background.
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In this study, “Effective Social Studies Teacher Perception” was examined in line with teacher views. In this research, the phenomenology, a kind of qualitative research design was used. The study group consisted of 13 (7 female-6 male) social studies teachers working in public schools at the 2017-2018 academic year. The maximum diversity sampling technique was used to determine the study group and reached to the teachers with various vocational seniority. Interview was used as data collection technique and at interviews, semi-structured interview form was used. Analyzing the data content analysis was used and the characteristics of effective social studies teachers “in-class”, “out of class” and “out of school” were determined according to teachers’ perceptions. According to the teachers’ views, social studies teachers have the characteristics of “being model”, “aware of the agenda”, “emphasizing individual differences”, “having a culture of democracy and knowledge of politics and citizenship”, “guiding” and “being a leader”. The perception of effective social studies teacher coincides with the characteristics of “effective teacher” in the literature. However, according to the teachers’ views, the subjects such as the “country, nation, history love” and the methods used are not covered in detail by the teachers expressing some reasons.
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Man is a social and a personal being, but is also a spiritual one. He does not live concerning himself only with material or problems, but try to understands his own existences, and the existence of the world. One issue that affects his existence on all these levels is the problem of evil. The problem of evil is pervasive an is not easy to discern or to tackle it accordingly, thought one should not allow himself to think evil consists in the wrong structure of society. Evil lurks moreover in the soul of man, but his soul exists and moves in society. And it is associated with the problem of liberty. Evil and liberty belong together. The sociology of Jacques Ellul, his sociological work and his theological, offer some insights in the matter at hand. The evil can be named according to hum the technological system, or le système technicien. This paper offers some insight in Ellul’s conceptions and adds some insights from other thinkers, so that it may become clearer what he means, and where the roots of this technological system or technological man lay. His views on technological society are true, and such things existence of explicit transhumanist theoretical positions, or the social changes that are imposed unto the societies today do attest his views.
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Problem setting. Successful professional socialization is an important condition of further professional as well as entire life success of any person. In modern conditions it is determined by many factors, one of which is globalization.Recent research and publications analysis. The scientific literature focuses on the study of specific aspects and stages of the professional socialization: identifying features of university education for future specialists and professional activities of graduates, analysing the value orientations of young people in regard to labour issues as well as their competitiveness in the labour market, etc. However, professional socialization of young people in the context of globalization has been studied insufficiently.Paper objective. Identification of the essence of professional socialization of youth and the impact of “globalization factors” on this process.Paper main body. Globalization has significantly increased the intensity and dynamism of professional socialization, it has also added some new features to this process. Information hegemony has ensured active intellectualisation and virtualization of labour activity, has boosted the need for its creativeness; information resources have become the core of human capital. The labour market globalization, in addition to stimulating international migration, has shaped certain requirements imposed on the global labour force. These factors have led to a change in the professional paradigm of society, raising the requirements for professional socialization at all of its stages.Conclusions of the research. Today, globalization, considering all of its aspects, has become one of the significant factors affecting the professional socialization of young people.
More...Dalibor Elezović, Balkans in letters: the impressions of an 18th-century Westerner. Sofia: Bulgari Publishing House; Kosovska Mitrovica: Faculty of Philosophy, 2019, 212 pp.
The paper gives an overview of Dalibor Elezović’s book Balkans in letters: the impressions of an 18th-century Westerner. It is about the book based on epistolary material, created from the pen of an unknown Frenchman who toured the Balkans in the eighteenth century. The book deals with the study of epistolary discourse, which is a current issue of contemporary historical science and other social sciences. The focus is on the importance of letters from a Westerner on the image of the Balkans in the eighteenth century since there are not many sources of similar content.
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Suicide is one of the socially undesirable phenomena across the globe. As such, the United Nations via the World Health Organization has recognized suicide as one of the health issues, requiring serious attention globally and domestically. Although there are statistical evidences about the understanding of the phenomenon and its prevalence worldover, especially among the developed nations, much is left to be desired for among the developing nations in the understanding of the social antecedence of suicide and the sustainable mechanism to the phenomenon. Since the fundamental theoretical concept by Emile Durkheim, which has triggered unprecedented research on suicide, classification and identification of the social phenomenon responsible for suicide thought and action, is yet to be given a crystal distillation among the developing nations such as Nigeria. There are social indices facilitating suicide thought and actions, which are domicile with these nations according to Durkheim's classifications. However, little attempt has been made in theoretically capturing these social indices and their current and future implications to the nations involved. As a matter of fact, Nigerian government over the years has included suicide in principle, as one of the socio-health policy issue, requiring some level of emergency but lacks theoretically sound policy approach. Having identified the existence of lacuna between policy intention and the understanding of the socioeconomic and political elements inducing suicide as they are present in the country’s atmosphere, the present paper deals with the capturing of these elements in Durkheimian suicidological perspective for clear view and knowledge informed policy strategy.
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