Wczesna inicjacja seksualna młodzieży – przyczyny i konsekwencje

Author(s): Barbara Jankowiak,Anna Gulczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

Juvenescence constitutes period between infantile sexuality and sexuality of young man. Adolescence is time of discovering sexual identity, initiating new sexual behaviors and involving into intimate relationships. During this period, the forms of sexual activity are developing from less to more and more mature – from masturbation, through petting to sexual initiation. Decision of a first sexual intercourse is an important act for every person. Nevertheless, sexual initiation which is precocious, in a stage of unformed identity, can disturb psychosexual functioning of an individual causing unplanned pregnancies, leading to sexually transmissible diseases and initiating risky sexual behaviors. The causes of starting precocious sexual activity are associated with improper models of upbringing (strictness or lack of interference) as well as with distancing of youth from pedagogical or educational influences of school or church. These traditional socializing agendas are replaced with media influences and behavior patterns providing by peers. It seems that only complex acts from pedagogical and socializing backgrounds can contribute starting responsible behaviors of youth in sexual field.

Exploring the Neural Basis of Avatar Identification in Pathological Internet Gamers and of Self-Reflection in Pathological Social Network Users

Author(s): Tagrid Leménager,Julia Dieter,Holger Hill,Sabine Hoffmann,Iris Reinhard,Martin Beutel,Falk Kiefer,Karl Mann,Sabine Vollstädt-Klein / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Internet gaming addiction appears to be related to self-concept deficits and increased angular gyrus (AG)-related identification with one’s avatar. For increased social network use, a few existing studies suggest striatal-related positive social feedback as an underlying factor. However, whether an impaired self-concept and its reward-based compensation through the online presentation of an idealized version of the self are related to pathological social network use has not been investigated yet. We aimed to compare different stages of pathological Internet game and social network use to explore the neural basis of avatar and self-identification in addictive use. Methods: About 19 pathological Internet gamers, 19 pathological social network users, and 19 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing a self-retrieval paradigm, asking participants to rate the degree to which various self-concept-related characteristics described their self, ideal, and avatar. Self-conceptrelated characteristics were also psychometrically assessed. Results: Psychometric testing indicated that pathological Internet gamers exhibited higher self-concept deficits generally, whereas pathological social network users exhibit deficits in emotion regulation only. We observed left AG hyperactivations in Internet gamers during avatar reflection and a correlation with symptom severity. Striatal hypoactivations during self-reflection (vs. ideal reflection) were observed in social network users and were correlated with symptom severity. Discussion and conclusion: Internet gaming addiction appears to be linked to increased identification with one’s avatar, evidenced by high left AG activations in pathological Internet gamers. Addiction to social networks seems to be characterized by emotion regulation deficits, reflected by reduced striatal activation during self-reflection compared to during ideal reflection.

O chwalebnej matce, Janie bez brody i ślepej królewnie, czyli Bettiny von Arnim światy wyimaginowane

Author(s): Nina Nowara-Matusik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The article presents three fairy tales by Bettina von Arnim: „Der Königssohn” [The King’s Son], „Die blinde Königstochter” [The Blind Princess] and „Hans ohne Bart” [Beardless Hans]. These texts are studied from the point of view of their poetics and their rootedness in the romantic worldview. Moreover, on the example of „Der Königssohn” fairy tale, an attempt is made at feminist interpretation, while „Hans ohne Bart” is read using psychoanalytic tools.

İntiharın Fıkhı -Psikopatolojik Boyutları ve Vaka Sunumu-

Author(s): Ahmet Sinan Bayraktar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 36/2018

Word of suicide comes from Latin and means to kill someone himself/herself. It is a vital concern that shakes families and societies even many countries. Examining and assessing cause and effects of this action is important. İnternational literature has a vast data about the Suicide, of which number has been rising in modern world, may also happen in Islamic communities Reconsideration of this act within the frame of classical Islamic law’s (figh) principles and modern discoveries, will make contribution for the better future of the Islamic societies.

Traumom do otuđenja

Author(s): Sabina Popović,Grozdana Cvitan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 61.7/2001

Interview with Sabina Popović.

Percepcja lęku przed śmiercią w kontekście Tanatopedagogicznej Relacyjnej Terapii Zastępczej – badania realizowane na terenie Włoch

Author(s): Józef Jan Binnebesel,Zbigniew Szczepan Formella / Language(s): Polish Issue: 49 (2)/2017

The paper includes an initial analysis of qualitative research, conducted in Italy in the years 2009–2014. It is a part of the author’s research programme, whose final outcomes will be published shortly. The subject of the study is the perception of fear of death in the context of Thanatopedagogical Relational Replacement Therapy. The present results of the research on the Italian population will be confronted with findings of the research in the Czech Republic, Ukraine and Poland. Preliminary analysis of the results shows that in some research areas, the Italian population differs significantly from the others.

Individu, famille et communauté dans la pensée de Jean-Paul Sartre

Author(s): Adrián Bene / Language(s): French Issue: 19-20/2014

Many people think that Sartre’s standpoint concerning intersubjectivity is simply resumed in the widely known aphorism of No Exit : “Hell is other people.” However, in the Critic of Dialectical Reason he was looking for the possibility of the community. In Being and Nothingness every human relation is based on the look, thus we-subject and us-object can be distinguished as different experiences of being-for-others. The condition of an ideal typical community is a common project which (in the Critic of Dialectical Reason) ensures freedom for individuals (as being for itself) in a group-in-fusion. Certainly, every individual has his own project, since his fundamental choice has come to pass within the family. There is a possibility of modifying it, but it is not an easy way. Sartre analysed the vain efforts of both Baudelaire and Genet using his own method of existential psychoanalysis. The importance of lived experience of the child is best developed in The Family Idiot on Flaubert.

„[…] nawet zabić się nie mogę, bo chcę widzieć”. O spojrzeniu przez Łzy

Author(s): Beata Łazarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

Reading Grzegorz Strumyk’s novel Łzy [Tears], Łazarz examines the relationship between the words and images that are called up in the reader’s imagination. Reading the novel as an account of the difficult journey towards seeing, Łazarz describes how it traces a path towards a new recognition of suppressed images and towards expressing those images with words; this expression allows further images to emerge, along with their related emotions. The goal of the images that Strumyk creates is not so much a realistic description of the world but a rendering of the protagonists’ emotions and experiences – conscious and unconscious. Łazarz pays particular attention to the analysis of Strumyk’s symbolic use of shapes and colours.

It’s a Pity and a Sin’:Images of Disability, Trauma and Subverted Power in Disney’s Beauty and the Beast

Author(s): Katherine E. Smith / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

This article explores parallels between society’s treatment of those with disabilities and the characters in Disney’s 1991 and 2017 versions of Beauty and the Beast. By comparing Gabrielle de Villenueve’s text with the films, I will highlight where they deviate from the text in order to connect with a disability stereotype. With a focus on the perceived connection between moral character and physical appearance, my article will analyse how the character of The Beast perpetuates the idea that only those with moral deficiencies become disabled. Employing Wolf Wolfensberger’s classifications of deviancy and disability, such as the eternal child, the sub-human organism and others, the article seeks to prove that Disney continues to promote pejorative images of the disabled body. Using trauma theory, I will illustrate how the curse of the Beast is a source of trauma. Lastly, this article analyses Foucault’s principle of subject and object, focusing on how the most recent film versions of Beauty and the Beast posits able-bodied characters as subjects over the disabled ones.

FRANZ KAFKA, ”THE METAMORPHOSIS” – EXPRESSION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN ANTROPOLOGY AND HEALTH

Author(s): Clementina Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2017

The paper expands upon Kafka's “Metamorphosis” as the extreme representation of alienation neurosis caused by “the arbitrary character of the infinite and by existential absurdity” (Chira, 183). From a methodological point of view, we will turn to good account the concept of “time's thermodynamical arrowˮ which reveals “the sense of time where disorder or entropy increases” (Hawking, 113). In order to properly approach the individual disorder and the mental and spiritual dislocation of Kafka's character, Jung's psycho-analytical theory, Bachelard's aesthetics and Chira's interdisciplinary studies will be also taken into account and closely observed in our analysis of the dramatic effects of the extreme form of alienation described in “Metamorphosis”.

Трансценденталното съзнание versus феноменологичното несъзнавано

Author(s): Nevena Krumova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Summary of the scientific philosophical conference "Transcendental Consciousness versus Phenomenological Unconscious"

Aveti kauzalnosti

Author(s): Ivana Seletković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2015

Čemu i kako težiti? Kako afirmirati sebe bez težnje i što je težnja? Je li ona oblik neke demencije, ludila koje je oformljeno i ukorijenjeno u nama, mozgu, u obliku atavizma, ili sjećanja ili energije koju nam majka impulsima vlastitog tijela ugrađuje onda kada još ne bijaše misao o nama/tebi kao o osobi; kada smo želje u formi nedefiniranog bića ili odbojni, nepoznati, strani-objekti; viškovi?

Intelektualna intuicija i intellectus archetypus: refleksivnost kod Kanta i Hegela

Author(s): Slavoj Žižek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 26/2017

Filozofski, "žensko pitanje" (da upotrijebim ovo staro, krajnje neprikladno određenje) se ne može riješiti niti pomoću nove simbolizacije ženskosti niti uzdizanjem žene u entitet koji se opire simbolizaciji, u "nedjeljivi ostatak" procesa simbolizacije. Ovim drugim putem krenuo je Schelling, koji je "znao da izraz 'žena' ne može poteći iz načela. Ono što ne može tako poteći, treba opisati." Schellingov proboj iz logičke strukture stvarnosti (koju se može predstaviti kao idejni sustav) u Realno primordijalnih nagona (gdje nema dedukcije, može se tek ispričati priča) - i.e. njegov pomak od logosa ka mythosu - je dakle objava Ženskog.

A propos kriterija neorganičnosti

Author(s): Milivoj Vodopija / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/1974

In Graebner’ s "Methode der Ethnologie" the criterion of non-organic serves as one of the auxiliary criteria for detecting historical connections between two different cultures. If, in a homogeneous set of elements we find a heterogeneous one, i.e . incompatible or non-organic and can link it typologically to another set of elements to which it originally belonged we can boost of having discovered a piece of cultural history. However, though it has proved methodologically fruitful in historical research, Graebner’ s "atomizing" conception of culture which views it as a mere a mere aggregate, a sum of cultural elements would not rank very high with contemporary standards of scientific theory. Humane studies have all during the past decades switched from the positivistic notion of "fact" as the essential element of knowledge to the system of interrelations between facts. Though ethnology in particular lags somewhat in this general trend there is no real obstacle to the conceiving and studying culture in terms of the system theory. In accordance with these terms the criterion of the non-organic should be translated as the criterion of disturbance in a system. A number of cases in all branches of science show that the methodological significance of disturbances in the observed system can be enormous in the way that it can lead to discovering or reconstructing of another system . Disturbance is thus conceived as the area of interference of the two systems. This model can be especially fruitful and applicable in ethnology today when we are faced with rapid substitution of traditional cultural systems with the civilizatory ones.

СЪБИРАНЕ, ОБРАБОТВАНЕ, СЪХРАНЕНИЕ И ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НАБИОМЕТРИЧНИ ДАННИ ЕТИЧНИ И ПРАВНИ АСПЕКТИ

Author(s): Mariela Deliverska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

Biometric data sets authentication of personal identity on a different plane, because by the advent of modern technology it has become possible personal identification to be made based on physical, chemical or behavioral characteristics of a person. Biometric data is a type of personal data. It present the image of a person's face and / or his fingerprints, and other types of specific identification features, which are most commonly used for identification and verification of identity. Challenges which are to be faced by modern society in connection to the use of biometric data will undoubtedly reveal new ways of regulation of various spheres of life obshtestveiya. It is necessary to create enough reliable mechanisms for protection, which not to restrict fundamental rights and freedoms of every citizen.

From War Neurosis to Holocaust Trauma - An Intellectual and Cultural History

Author(s): Ferenc Erős / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This paper outlines a historical and critical survey of the contribution of psychoanalysis and other ‘psycho-sciences’ to our contemporary understanding of Holocaust trauma. It argues that the theme of mass traumatisation effects originates in the use of psychiatric knowledge and procedures during the First World War. As part of the war machine, psychiatry had special functions in the mobilisation of the masses as well as in the treatment and rehabilitation of those soldiers who suffered from ‘shell shock’ and later developed ‘traumatic neurosis’ or ‘war neurosis’. The main task of psychiatrists at that time was to cure these soldiers as quickly and effectively as possible – in order to send them back to the same dangerous circumstances, which had caused their symptoms in the first place. In treating war neurotics, brutal punitive methods such as painful electric shocks were frequently used. Based on archival sources, and on the correspondence between Sigmund Freud and Sándor Ferenczi, the application of these methods is illustrated here through the example of a Hungarian military doctor, Viktor Gonda. The majority of army doctors regarded war neurosis as a character deficiency, a sign of a ‘feminine’ character. It was thought that this kind of ‘male hysteria’ could also affect ‘healthy’ soldiers, destroying their will, determination, patriotism, and heroism. By contrast, the psychoanalytic conception of war neurosis developed by Sán- dor Ferenczi in Hungary and by Karl Abraham and Ernst Simmel in Germany was intended to be a humanising alternative to the dominant, mainly ‘punishing’ and torturous procedures applied by mainstream military psychiatry. Psychoanalysts emphasised the importance of understanding the patient’s symptoms, assuming that their explanation originated in the patient’s life history and unconscious motives rather than exclusively in external, physical causes. The psychoanalytic approach to war neurosis anticipated later debates on the nature of individual and collective psychological traumata. This paper surveys the impact of the First World War on the development of the theory and technique of psychoanalysis, including the concepts of Freud, Ferenczi, Melanie Klein, Abram Kardiner, and others. After the Second World War, psychoanalysis was preoccupied with the exploration of the ‘Nazi mind’, the specific psychological and characterological traits of war criminals, their supporters, and their collaborators. This paper argues that the existence of a Holocaust trauma as a separate group of symptoms was for a long time not really acknowledged. The focus only shifted from perpetrators to victims in the 1970s, due to the introduction of the diagnostic category of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) into the vocabulary of psycho- analysis. This paper, however, argues that the concept of PTSD preserved, in some ways, the dominant discourse of First World War psychiatry, continuing, in a subtler way, to stigmatise or blame the victims.

ЖАН ПИАЖЕ, НАЧАЛОТО НА НЕГОВИЯ ПРОФЕСИОНАЛЕН ПЪТ И ИНТЕРЕСЪТ МУ КЪМ ДЕТСКОТО МИСЛЕНЕ

Author(s): Diana Tsirkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The text is one of Jean Piaget's most astonishing works, which was written in the beginning of his professional career as a psychologist and researcher of the child's psyche - this is the book „Child's Conception of the World“. An analysis was made of the biographical and professional context in which the book was written and an emphasis is put on the influence of the psychoanalytical ideas over Piaget's early works. In the text, the highlight is the analysis of the used method of clinical interviewing of children in order to achieve the research goals. A view on the contemporary interpretations of the data Piaget obtained is suggested in the text, as well as ideas for a psychoanalytical reading of the children's answers.

Freud’s disciples between biography and autobiography. Towards a collective history of the psychoanalytic movement

Author(s): Agnieszka Więckiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The article explores the auto/biographical narratives devoted to Freud written by his disciples. The author argues that both biography and autobiography were important life-writing genres used by psychoanalysts in the first half of the twentieth century to express their subjective views on the history of the psychoanalytic movement. The chosen biographies of Freud shed light on the close relationship between “subjective” autobiographical discourse (based on self-observation and auto-analysis) and the “objective” role of a biographer. The author argues that the early auto/ biographies of Freud’s disciples presented a different history of psychoanalytic knowledge, where the collective thinking and affective relationships are shown to be crucial in the development of the psychoanalytic movement.

Homosexualitas Feminina

Author(s): Sándor Ferenczi / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

Opis przypadku jako (auto)biografia? Wczesna psychoanaliza Sándora Ferencziego

Author(s): Agnieszka Więckiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

This article discusses the early theoretical works of the Hungarian psychoanalyst and a close disciple of Sigmund Freud, Sándor Ferenczi. This study offers an interpretation of his short case study Homosexualitas Feminina, published in 1902, concentrating on the analyst’s narrative and stylistic strategies before he met the founder of psychoanalysis. The article is devoted to the analysis of a popular medical genre – the case study – which is seen in the light of its relation to life-writing literature. Rather than follow Michel Foucault’s deconstructive scheme of interpretation, I offer a more affirmative reading of the case study of Rosa K. and thus seek to understand Ferenczi’s early work through the impact of life-writing genres, such as biography and autobiography, on psychiatric discourse at the turn of the twentieth century.