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The article is an attempt to characterize of the Lot’s Wife, as the symbol of femininity in the context of works of Jacques Lacan and writing this symbol down into the poetic space of the age of Modernism.
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The author's purpose in this article is to describe and report the resonances and his countertransference reactions while performing the ethnographic and psychoanalytic research tool: Young Child Observation according to the Tavistock Model via the examined child "Ercan" (at the age of 5), which was observed by the author 1 hour per week from September 2010 to June 2011 a total of 26 hours in a Kindergarten in Vienna. Parts of this paper are based on the single case studies, carried out at the University of Vienna in the context of the interdisciplinary research project “Language acquisition and everyday life multilingualism in the kindergarten” in collaboration with the Institute of Educational Sciences and Linguistics. In addition, we shall try to describe the research project and the observation method. The objectives of this paper are firstly, to show the significant countertransference reactions, intrapsychic experiences, uncontrolled process and involuntary reactions of the observer via the observed people, especially via Ercan. Finally, we shall discuss briefly the methodological benefits of becoming aware of the countertransference process for researchers and practitioners.
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In the present study we examined psychometric properties of the Serbian translation of the Empathy Quotient scale (S-EQ). The translated version of the EQ was applied on a sample of 694 high-school students. A sub-sample consisting of 375 high-school students also completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), another widely used empathy measure. The following statistical analyses were applied: internal consistency analysis, explanatory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses, and factor congruence analysis. Correlation with IRI and gender differences were calculated to demonstrate validity of the instrument. Results show that the Serbian 40-item version of EQ has lower reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .782) than the original. The originally proposed one factor structure of the instrument was not confirmed. The short version with 28 items showed better reliablity (alpha= .807). The three-factor solution (cognitive empathy, emotional reactivity, and social skills) showed good cross-sample stability (Tucker congruence coefficient over .8) but the results of CFA confirmed the solution proposed in the reviewed literature only partially. The mean scores are similar to those obtained in the other studies, and, as expected, women have significantly higher scores than men. Correlations with all subscales of IRI are statistically significant for the first two subscales of EQ, but not for the „social skills.” We concluded that the Serbian version of the „Empathy Quotient” is a useful research tool which can contribute to cross-cultural studies of empathy, although its psychometric characteristics are not as good as those obtained in the original study. We also suggest that a 28-item should be used preferably to the original 40-item version.
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Traumatsko iskustvo odraslog uključuje završeni emocionalni razvoj. To znači da osoba svoje libidinalne i agresivne porive uspijeva kontrolirati na način da oni imaju svoju završenu socijalnu formu. Svatko od nas tijekom razvoja i rasta ima točke fiksacije za koje kažemo da proistječu iz primarnog iskustva. Ljudski rod je karakteriziran u svom normalnom razvoju točkama fiksacije. Zbog traumatskih doživljaja u primarnom iskustvu djeteta, odrasli imaju jedne, druge ili treće fiksacije, zavisno od primarne njege, ali i okoline u kojoj su rasli.
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Patients’ resistance may occur at any stage of psychotherapy or mediation process. The focus of this paper is on the resistance to use psychotherapy or family mediation. We also explore psychological grounds for the difficulties behind the decision to seek professional psychological help. The resistance in psychotherapy is one of the fundamental problems, hence a lot of research studies and practical techniques can be found regarding the determinants of resistance and strategies how to cope with it. However, in the family mediation literature the conceptualisation of resistance to enter the mediation process has rarely been investigated. In the present paper five main factors of the avoidance of counselling or psychotherapy are analysed, namely: (i) social stigma, (ii) treatment fears, (iii) fear of emotion, (iv) anticipated utility and risk, and (v) problems with self-disclosure. As far as the decision to enter family mediation is concerned the main sources of clients’ resistance can be traced to negative convictions, attitudes and fears of the mediation process. The results of the author’s own research on this subject show that the main components of resistance are: (1) disbelief in effectiveness of mediation, (2) attribution of negative characteristics to mediation, (3) reluctance to involvement of third party, and (4) fear of disclosure of secrets. In the final part of the paper a discussion of similarities between the factors determining the resistance to participate in psychotherapy and family mediation is presented.
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The concept of civil religion has caught major attention among scholars studying the junction of religion and politics (J.-J. Rousseau, E. Durkheim, R. Bellah). The notion focuses on the phenomenon of cultural contents sacralizing and ritualizing the ruling political institutions of a society, extending support to the integration of the political and social system at a cultural level. The notion of civil religion has recently been operationalized cross-culturally, but light has not been shed upon its predictors. In this paper authoritarianism is tested as a predictor of civil religion cross-culturally. Four student samples of Bosnian, Serbian, Slovenian and US students were analyzed. Very strong, significant associations between authoritarianism, as operationalized by a modified Lane scale, and civil religion were found in all cases. Moreover, upon introducing femininity, anxiety and gender into the analysis, a strong, dominant and significant impact on the part of authoritarianism was still found when civil religion was observed cross-culturally. When the same predictors were applied to explaining general religiosity, authoritarianism fell short of being a significant predictor in most of the environments observed. Such results suggest an especially close link between civil religion and authoritarianism.
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The article examines the interrelations between depressiveness and social relations of adolescents, deprived of their liberty due to their offences. The model of unipolar depression is proposed, that assumes that basic conditions for occurrence of depression are adversity and insufficiency of current and past, real or internalized affective relations with social environment, and inefficiency of adaptive mechanisms to overcome that state. 191 male juveniles 15 - 22 years of age, in residential and correctional institutions in Serbia, completed three self-rating scales of depression, and 18 self-rating scales of family and peer relations. The correlation between depression and social relations was 0.745 that explains even 55.50% of the variance. It was largely explained by negative and dismissive family and peer relations, and insufficient individuation in a family. Both family and peer variables gave significant mutually independent contribution to the explanation of depressiveness. Both current and past peer relations had significant mutually independent contribution to the explanation of depressiveness. Findings are in favour to proposed model of depression.
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The goal of this research was to develop and validate an instrument designed to measure the three types of self proposed by Hodgins and Knee (2002): integrated, ego-invested, and impersonal. This measure was termed The Ego Functioning Questionnaire (EFQ). In Study 1 (N=202), the factorial structure of the EFQ was examined by means of an exploratory factor analysis, and the metric properties of its subscales were documented. In Study 2 (N=300), the 3 factor structure of the EFQ was successfully corroborated using a confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 3 (N=131), associations between the EFQ and a variety of cognitive, affective, and social variables were found to display meaningful patterns, thereby providing support for the EFQ’s construct validity. Also, the EFQ was not susceptible to socially desirable responding. Results are discussed in terms of their fundamental and applied implications.
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Since primitive society has constantly changed. The family, which is one of the most important documents of society, has not kept this change indifferent. Changes in family structure undoubtedly also affect family members, reflecting their attitudes towards each other and their behavior. For this reason, the factors affecting the relationship between father and son (social change, oedipus complex, family and social structure) are discussed and the reflection of this relationship in Turkish cinema is discussed. In this study, besides the concept of oedipus complex, various authors such as Sigmund Freud ve Jacques Lacan were included in their views and works. Finally, the father-son relationship over the two sample films that were drawn and shown after 2000 was resolved in the context of the oedipus complex. In the study, it is thought that the pattern of research is appropriate in terms of research as methods of qualitative research design. In accordance with the research purpose and purpose, "sampling of analogous situation" has been used for purposeful sampling methods. In addition, the relationship of these characters with their surroundings is another subject to be examined in terms of the oedipus complex.
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The review of: “The Age of Perversion: Desire and Technology in Psychoanalysis and Culture” by Danielle Knafo and Rocco Lo Bosco; London: Routledge, 2017.
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Dieser literarische Diskurs beschäftigt sich vor allem mit der Tatsache, dass Viktor Tausk unserer altertümlichen Volkspoesie, beharrlich auf diesen psychoanalytischen Hintergrund hinweisend, eine vollkommen andere Konnotation verliehen hat. Da es sich um einen dem breiten Lesepublikum relativ unbekannten österreichischen Schriftsteller handelt, bietet dieser Artikel genauso einen kurzen Überblick in seine literarisch-psychoanalytischen Überlegungen an. Es ist außerdem eindeutig auf die Tatsache hingewiesen, dass es dem Autor druch die Übersetzung unserer Volkspoesie eindeutig gelungen ist, einen bestimmten künstlerischen Zwischenraum zu schaffen, um seine grundlegenden psychanalytischen Ansichten zu integrieren.
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There are parallels between three movements that blossomed during the first decades of the twentieth century: Marxism, Zionism and psychoanalysis. Utopian elements were present in all three, expressing a deep commitment to improving human life, but also aspects of denial and illusion that led to more complex results than initially expected. Rescue fantasies played a role in these movements, implying omnipotence, self-idealization and the demonization of a guilty party. The kibbutz movement in Israel was influenced by all three, and its communal childrearing system proved to be flawed. Dangers of rigidity and dogmatism in psychoanalysis are related to this background.
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As a result of using a multi-modality neurological/mental assessment and a multifaceted rehabilitation program (including group therapy), 108 patients with sequelae of mine blast closed traumatic brain injury (MB CTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have demonstrated positive trends concerning their neurological and psychological status. From the standpoint of the pathogenetic concept of neurotic disorders, there are four principal categories of neurotic disorders, namely asthenic, anxiety-depressive, hysteria-like and phobic. A conclusion was made that using the methods of group psychotherapy as a constituent of rehabilitation program was effective.
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The motif of the “Vagina Dentata” appears in various Hindu myths and tales belonging to Indic folklore, yet its iconic relevance extends beyond symbolic and religious fields and overlaps with the wider sphere of the discourses on gender and sexuality. Based upon this premise, the paper aims to illustrate the motif of the “toothed vagina” on two interconnected levels: on the first one, it offers a psychoanalytical codification of the symbol and of the violence connected with the removal of the “teeth,” while on the second it scrutinises the “extirpation” in the light of the patriarchal endeavour to subjugate women through abuse and debasement. The concluding part of the paper advances a metaphorical suggestion around the “vagina dentata” symbol, pointing to the resources implied in the affirmation of women’s voices in the public domain.
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The paper concerns with Bachelard’s notion of image, which according to him is not an external object, but it arises in the frontiers of the subjectivity. This subjectivity is not rational in Cartesian way, but it is characterized by weak cogito, less-cogito. Therefore, the subjectivity of reader or day-dreamer (rêveur) means the limit-consciousness, the limit-cogito. The first part of the paper is a methodological entrance to the question of poetical and rationalistic thinking of Gaston Bachelard. The author examines characteristics and sense of poetical reflections in the works of rationalistic philosopher. In the second part the text touches three ways to the lecture of Bachelard’s Poetics and of books about elements. It points out the “Copernican Turn” in the thinking of French philosopher, which is dated to the year 1942 (by book Water and Dream). Since that Bachelard is not writing on poetry because of “enumeration of errors” of consciousness. The origin of the image (départ de l’image) in the individual consciousness is the topic of the third part of the paper. Bachelard writes about it in The Poetics of Space, and the interpretation of this text shows where the place of this origin is. Similarly as the flesh (la chair) in later Merleau-Ponty it is neither subject nor object, but the e l e m e n t , bachelardian image is likewise in-between the subjective and the objective. The fourth part solves the meaning of the notions of archetypes and trans-subjectivity in Bachelard, and pays attention to inter-subjective themes related to the question of the image. Bachelardian material image is not only a possession of the individual, but other human beings participate on it, too, because material images are archetypal and other can affirm their value as the well-known images.
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Negative emotions (distress) are recognized as part of the psychological profile of patients diagnosed with advanced stage cancer. However, most patients are not accustomed to verbalize feelings towards their physician, and generally towards family and medical care personnel. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the expression of emotions by patients in advanced stages of cancer, respectively the means by which they get to express emotions. To this respect, we identified the most common types of emotions expressed, or metaphors used by patients to describe their emotions and topics that trigger emotions. Words and phrases most commonly used are in relation to: fear, anxiety, depression, guilt, negligence, concern. They are uttered in order to depict the network created between disclosed emotions and topics on health status, symptoms, adverse effects and therapeutic choice, patient privacy, and social and family issues.
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Once it was the collective unconscious. Gustav Jung and his friend, Mircea Eliade, looked into the archetypes embedded in the people’s unconscious whose contents they filtered through conceptual frames meant to reveal huge analogies. The history of religions, the unconscious revealed in dreams, mythical archetypes, religious scripts connecting present ritual to the event illo tempore out of which creeds and beliefs emerged and spread to races other than those originating them. Today there are institutional bodies of the European Union whose politics is the cultural unification of the member states but the actors in this process no longer turn a blind eye upon diversity and essential differences. Unlike the priority of a colonizing Self over the Other in the full bloom of modernism, the politics of difference that set on after the war reversed the relationship, prioritizing the Other. Not as a complete alterus, however, an unfathomable stranger, but, as Ricoeur says, soi-même comme un autre. The self that comes out of itself to meet the other as target of connectivity. Myths, legends, are no longer considered to be commonly shared as a given by various nations, they are instead appropriated through acculturation, socialization. We are shareholders of a patrinony which is essential in shaping our identity. It is our legacy stored in the fertile land of the collective imaginary in which we take roots. Nowadays the dynamics of Identity is set between national and international, unity and diversity, losses and gains, games of power and globalization. European Identity becomes an open-work, a work in progress of which we are all part of. We become the masons of our own construction of identity.
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Article adopts Jacques Lacan’s concept of the “mirror stage” to study the mechanisms of the way the Author’s identity evolves in W. Burroughs’s Naked Lunch and Ch. Palahniuk’s Fight Club. Evolution of the Author is set against general process of personal growth. The study is primarily concerned with features of the Author’s evolution within transgressive fiction, as Chuck Palahniuk and William Burroughs are the key figures of this genre. Transgression presupposes addressing social taboos by explicating them, thus creating strong reactions within the readership. We argue and find evidence that Burroughs and Palahniuk in the process of facing their perfect images of the Author digress from what Lacan would consider normal development. When they are given a chance to produce a unified body of text, the writers chose unconscious strive for fragmentation instead. Fragmented images invade Naked Lunch and Fight Club. However the mirror stage in the case of Palahniuk and in the case of Burroughs differ. While Burroughs in the myth of the Interzone ends up rejecting the notion of unique Author as such, Palahniuk accepts the fact that he managed to form a new niche for transgressive fiction and stays true to this niche, continuing similar aesthetics in the works that follow.
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This paper analyzes the selected poetry and prose of Tin Ujevic. Besides several poems from the collection Necklace (1926), we examine in greater detail the poems Virtuoso̕s Tears from the collection Car on a Promenade (1932), and the posthumously published prose Fragment. Through an analytical approach to these works, we show that in many ways they talk about the complexity of their own reading. In this way, Ujevic opens up many fundamental problems regarding how we interpret a literary text. Ujevic's writings guide the reader to their own incapacity of healing into a meaningful whole, and their inseparability from the pervasive otherness, thus opening up questions about the possibility of an autonomous subject. In this way, his work (and in particular his essays) anticipate many of the ideas which will be developed under the auspices of deconstruction and psychoanalytic thought.
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One of the “symptoms” of the 20th spiritual-cultural milieu is the flowing of psychoanalysis into the public discourse and literature both as a subject and as an approach. This produces genres overlapping between science, autobiography and fiction, speaking from different professional backgrounds, with partly different motivations and “implied readers”. Their common element is the need of self-reflection, with a desire and ability to textually record its result, moving from scholarly discourse towards fiction, or from fiction towards self-analysis. My paper explores through the examples of a few women psychoanalysts and writers, how some analysts use the autobiographical and fictional genres, how psychoanalytic knowledge can be the background/foreground of autobiography/autofiction and how literary skills and forms can become the field and tool of self-analysis. The analysed works include the autobiographical novel of psychoanalyst Edit Gyömrői, the diaries of psychoanalyst Alice Bálint, the autobiographical writings, portraits and short stories of Mrs. Kosztolányi Ilona Harmos, and two novelettes of Sophie Török.
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