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Uczciwość w blasku prawdy

Author(s): Michał Drożdż / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (6)/2012

Honesty allows man to live in the truth, that is,to know the true values and implement them in man’s life. Honesty is therefore the spiritual force in man, which allows him to properly refer to values and their hierarchy in the spirit of the constantly acquired truth. The aim of the analyses presented in the article is an attempt to show honesty in a varied splendor of truth, i.e., to show honesty as a moral condition sine qua non of learning and living the truth and at the same time revealing the truth as the foundation of being honest. We try to justify the thesis that only through inner integrity and honesty man can discover the truth about man’s human dignity and the dignity of another man and, according to this truth,shape his conscience and be guided by it.

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Eros și Thanatos în romanele lui Max Blecher

Author(s): Nicoleta Hristu (Hurmuzache) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

This article aims at valorising two major themes of Max Blecher’s prose, constructed in the novel discourse as liminal experiences of the human being and antagonist forces that annihilate themselves reciprocally. From Sigmund Freud’s perspective, Eros and Thanatos correlate with two primordial instincts of the individual that either promote and preserve life, or reduce the existential dimension of man to the inorganic stage. According to the Freudian analysis, love enounces the principle of pleasure meaning to satisfy certain pulsations and desires, and death corresponds to the destructive principle of repetition. Making a list of the types of Eros identified in Blecher’s prose (instinctive, ideal, “hygienic”, masochistic, unpredictable, platonic, conceited), one can remark the lack of finality to this existential adventure that triggers death experience, instilled both by the thought of suicide and by the countless Thanatos’ allusions inserted in the text. In conclusion, Blecher’s Eros is described as a subtle but certain slide to death, proving the fact that any character’s attempt of fulfilment is in fact a useless struggle of the human being descended into the abyss/nothingness.

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La crise de l’identité dans « Perimetrul zero » de Oana Orlea

Author(s): Ileana Lavinia Geambei / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2014

Parmi les anti-utopies et les allégories qui transfigurent esthétiquement le thème du Goulag roumain, une place à part est occupée par le roman de Oana Orlea, «Perimetrul zero » (Bucarest, 1991), paru d’abord en France, en 1986, sous le titre « Un sosie en cavale ». L’héroïne du roman, Leontina, racolée malgré elle pour être le sosie de la Mult-Iubita, l’épouse du dictateur Kuty, est soumise à un vrai processus de dépersonnalisation, en plusieurs étapes, jusqu’à l’identification totale avec le modèle. Bien qu’imposé de l’extérieur, ce procès tient aussi à une option personnelle, à une substitution assumée ou non. C’est pourquoi, soumis à une autre grille de lecture, « Perimetrul zero » (« Un sosie en cavale ») peut être lu aussi comme un discours identitaire. Partant de ces prémisses, le présent travail se propose d’analyser la manière dont l’héroïne du roman traverse l’aliénation et la crise d’identité et la manière dont cette crise est reflétée au niveau de l’écriture.

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Mémoire d’une femme démantelée sur les ruines du IIIe Reich : Une femme à Berlin, anonyme (journal, 20 avril-22 juin 1945)

Author(s): Andrei Carmen / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2014

Mon article s’inscrit dans la réflexion sur le rapport entre la mémoire et l’identité, entre l’amnésie (in)volontaire et l’auto-compassion des rescapés comme d’autres choix possibles pour survivre à un fléau. C’est une approche critique d’un témoignage poignant sur la perte identitaire et l’altérité, mais surtout sur le salut par l’écriture, Une femme à Berlin – le journal d’une auteure qui choisit l’anonymat où elle note avec une froide objectivité tous les sévices subis par sa maisonnée suite à l’entrée « triomphante » des vainqueurs de l’armée rouge dans le Berlin en défaite, dans une Europe écartelée par les sept années de fléau de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le texte permet de laisser faire surface au devoir de la mémoire personnelle qui refuse de refouler, d’occulter, mais met au jour des faits de l’Histoire comme devoir consciemment et consciencieusement assumé d’écrire des bribes dans le Livre de la mémoire collective de l’an 1945.

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The foreigner on the margin and the game of multitudes with two of S. Rushdie’s novels

Author(s): Isabela Merilă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

La célébration de la multitude semble être une règle générale pourles romans de S. Rushdie. L’identité individuelle (et étatique) se révèlecomme une collection variée et infinie d’influences, récits, expériences,relations etc. Toute tentative d’ancrage dans la dualité est minée etdémystifiée en tant que convention recherchée afin de retrouver un ordreapparent et un sentiment de sécurité / contrôle. C’est ainsi que le « centre »perd son sens et cède la place à la « marge » en tant que principedéfinitoire. La question qui sert de point de départ à notre démarche est lasuivante : qu’est-ce qui se passe, dans ce contexte, avec le personnageoccidental, colonisateur – d’une manière ou d’autre – et avec son statut decentre de référence ?

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Online and Live Regular Poker Players: Do They Differ in Impulsive Sensation Seeking and Gambling Practice

Author(s): Servane Barrault,Isabelle Varescon / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Online gambling appears to have special features, such as anonymity, speed of play and permanent availability, which may contribute to the facilitation and increase in gambling practice, potentially leading to problem gambling. The aims of this study were to assess sociodemographic characteristics, gambling practice and impulsive sensation seeking among a population of regular poker players with different levels of gambling intensity and to compare online and live players. Methods: 245 regular poker players (180 online players and 65 live players) completed online self-report scales assessing sociodemographic data, pathological gambling (SOGS), gambling practice (poker questionnaire) and impulsive sensation seeking (ImpSS). We used SOGS scores to rank players according to the intensity of their gambling practice (non-pathological gamblers, problem gamblers and pathological gamblers). Results: All poker players displayed a particular sociodemographic profile: they were more likely to be young men, executives or students, mostly single and working full-time. Online players played significantly more often whereas live players reported significantly longer gambling sessions. Sensation seeking was high across all groups, whereas impulsivity significantly distinguished players according to the intensity of gambling. Discussion: Our results show the specific profile of poker players. Both impulsivity and sensation seeking seem to be involved in pathological gambling, but playing different roles. Sensation seeking may determine interest in poker whereas impulsivity may be involved in pathological gambling development and maintenance. Conclusions: This study opens up new research perspectives and insights into preventive and treatment actions for pathological poker players.

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Mood Motives and Money: an Examination of Factors that Differentiate Online and Non-Online Young Adult Gamblers

Author(s): Abby L. Goldstein,Natalie Vilhena-Churchill,Sherry H. Stewart,Peter N. S. Hoaken,Gordon L. Flett / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

To date, there is a lack of research on psychological factors associated with young adult online gambling. The current study examined differences between young adult online and non-online gamblers, using information gathered at baseline and over 30 days during which participants reported on their moods, gambling behaviors, and reasons for initiating and discontinuing gambling. Methods: Participants were 108 young adult regular gamblers (i.e., gambling four or more times in the past month) who participated in a 30-day daily diary study. Results: Male gender, baseline coping motives for gambling and negative affect averaged across the 30 days emerged as significant correlates of online gambling, over and above other background variables. Online gamblers also scored higher on a baseline measure of pathological gambling. Over the 30 days of self-monitoring, online gamblers spent more time gambling, and won more money gambling, whereas non-online gamblers consumed more alcohol while gambling. Online gambling was more often initiated to make money, because of boredom and to demonstrate skills, whereas non-online gambling was more often initiated for social reasons and for excitement. Online gambling was more often discontinued because of boredom, fatigue or distress, whereas non-online gambling was discontinued because friends stopped gambling or mood was improved. Discussion and conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that coping strategies may be particularly important to reduce risks for online gamblers, whereas strategies for non-online gamblers should focus on the social aspects of gambling.

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Harmonizing Screening for Gambling Problems in Epidemiological Surveys – Development of the Rapid Screener for Problem Gambling (RSPG)

Author(s): Gaélle Challet-Bouju,Bastien Perrot,Lucia Romo,Marc Valleur,David Magalon,Mélina Fatséas,Isabelle Chéreau-Boudet,Amandine Luquiens,Jeu Group,Marie Grall-Bronnec,Hardouin Jean-Benoit / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The aim of this study was to test the screening properties of several combinations of items from gambling scales, in order to harmonize screening of gambling problems in epidemiological surveys. The objective was to propose two brief screening tools (three items or less) for a use in interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Methods: We tested the screening properties of combinations of items from several gambling scales, in a sample of 425 gamblers (301 non-problem gamblers and 124 disordered gamblers). Items tested included interview-based items (Pathological Gambling section of the DSM-IV, lifetime history of problem gambling, monthly expenses in gambling, and abstinence of 1 month or more) and self-report items (South Oaks Gambling Screen, Gambling Attitudes, and Beliefs Survey). The gold standard used was the diagnosis of a gambling disorder according to the DSM-5. Results: Two versions of the Rapid Screener for Problem Gambling (RSPG) were developed: the RSPG-Interview (RSPG-I), being composed of two interview items (increasing bets and loss of control), and the RSPG-Self-Assessment (RSPG-SA), being composed of three self-report items (chasing, guiltiness, and perceived inability to stop). Discussion and conclusions: We recommend using the RSPG-SA/I for screening problem gambling in epidemiological surveys, with the version adapted for each purpose (RSPG-I for interview-based surveys and RSPG-SA for self-administered surveys). This first triage of potential problem gamblers must be supplemented by further assessment, as it may overestimate the proportion of problem gamblers. However, a first triage has the great advantage of saving time and energy in large-scale screening for problem gambling.

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Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) for Parental Assessment of Adolescent Problematic Internet Use

Author(s): Lutz Wartberg,Levente Kriston,Katharina Kegel,Rainer Thomasius / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The surge of problematic Internet use in adolescents is a continuously growing problem across the globe. To our knowledge, to date valid questionnaire-based measurement of problematic Internet use is possible only by self-assessment. The objective for the present study was to adapt an established instrument for a parental assessment of adolescent problematic Internet use and to evaluate the psychometric properties of this questionnaire. Methods: Data were collected from a representative German sample of 1,000 parents of adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years using a standardized questionnaire. To assess problematic Internet use, we adapted the established Young Diagnostic Questionnaire by rewording the items to survey a parental rating instead of a self-report (“Parental version of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire,” PYDQ). Additionally, we assessed the Internet usage time, parental monitoring, family functioning, school performance of the adolescent, and parent–adolescent conflicts. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis based on the 8 items of the PYDQ modeled as categorical indicators and one latent factor using a robust weighted least squares estimator. We also calculated a reliability coefficient, the acceptance of the instrument, and performed correlation analyses. Results: The unidimensional model showed excellent global goodness-of-fit (χ2/df = 1.65, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99) and satisfactory factor loadings (standardized values ranged from 0.60 to 0.77). We observed a reliability coefficient of 0.70, a good acceptance of the instrument, and the correlation analyses indicated the construct validity of the PYDQ. Discussion and conclusion: The proposed PYDQ is a suitable instrument for parental assessment of adolescent problematic Internet use.

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Treatments for Compulsive Buying: A systematic Review of the Quality, Effectiveness and Progression of the Outcome Evidence

Author(s): Benjamin Hague,Jo Hall,Stephen Kellett / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

This review appraises the progression and status of the evidence base for the treatment of compulsive buying disorder (CBD), in order to highlight what currently works and to prompt useful future research. Methods: Online databases ISI Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO, and PubMed via Ovid were searched at two time points. Two quality checklists and an established model of therapy evaluation (hourglass model) evaluated the quality and progression of both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy treatments for CBD. Uncontrolled effect sizes were calculated and meta-regression analyses were performed regarding treatment duration. Results: A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria, which were divided into psychotherapy (n = 17) and pharmacotherapy treatments (n = 12). Of the 29 studies, only 5 studies have been tested under conditions of high methodological quality. Both forms of treatment had been evaluated in a haphazard manner across the stages of the hourglass model. Although large effects were demonstrated for group psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, such evidence of effectiveness was undermined by poor study quality and risk of publication bias. Long-term CBD treatment was associated with improved outcome with pharmacotherapy, but not when delivering psychotherapy. Discussion: Group psychotherapy currently appears the most promising treatment option for CBD. Poor methodological control and sporadic evaluation of specific treatments have slowed the generation of a convincing evidence base for CBD treatment. Defining the active ingredients of effective CBD treatment is a key research goal.

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Facebook Role Play Addiction – A Comorbidity with Multiple Compulsive–Impulsive Spectrum Disorders

Author(s): Deepa Nathan,Lekhansh Shukla,Arun Kandasamy,Vivek Benegal / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Problematic Internet use (PIU) is an emerging entity with varied contents. Behavioral addictions have high comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders. Social networking site (SNS) addiction and role playing game (RPG) addiction are traditionally studied as separate entities. We present a case with excessive Internet use, with a particular focus on phenomenology and psychiatric comorbidities. Case presentation: Fifteen-year-old girl with childhood onset attention deficit disorder, obsessive– compulsive disorder, adolescent onset trichotillomania, and disturbed family environment presented with excessive Facebook use. Main online activity was creating profiles in names of mainstream fictional characters and assuming their identity (background, linguistic attributes, etc.). This was a group activity with significant socialization in the virtual world. Craving, salience, withdrawal, mood modification, and conflict were clearly elucidated and significant social and occupational dysfunction was evident. Discussion: This case highlights various vulnerability and sociofamilial factors contributing to behavioral addiction. It also highlights the presence of untreated comorbidities in such cases. The difference from contemporary RPGs and uniqueness of role playing on SNS is discussed. SNS role playing as a separate genre of PIU and its potential to reach epidemic proportions are discussed. Conclusions: Individuals with temperamental vulnerability are likely to develop behavioral addictions. Identification and management of comorbid conditions are important. The content of PIU continues to evolve and needs further study.

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Characteristics of Self-Identified Sexual Addicts in a Behavioral Addiction Outpatient Clinic

Author(s): Aline Wéry,Kim Vogelaere,Gaélle Challet-Bouju,François-Xavier Poudat,Julie Caillon,Delphine Lever,Joël Billieux,Marie Grall-Bronnec / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Research on sexual addiction flourished during the last decade, promoted by the development of an increased number of online sexual activities. Despite the accumulation of studies, however, evidence collected in clinical samples of treatment-seeking people remains scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics (socio-demographics, sexual habits, and comorbidities) of self-identified “sexual addicts.” Methods: The sample was composed of 72 patients who consulted an outpatient treatment center regarding their sexual behaviors. Data were collected through a combination of structured interviewing and self-report measures. Results: Most patients were males (94.4%) aged 20–76 years (mean 40.3 ± 10.9). Endorsement of sexual addiction diagnosis varied from 56.9% to 95.8% depending on the criteria used. The sexual behaviors reported to have the highest degree of functional impairment were having multiple sexual partners (56%), having unprotected sexual intercourse (51.9%), and using cybersex (43.6%). Ninety percent of patients endorsed a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, and 60.6% presented at least one paraphilia. Conclusions: Results showed highly different profiles in terms of sexual preferences and behaviors, as well as comorbidities involved. These findings highlight the need to develop tailored psychotherapeutic interventions by taking into account the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder.

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Validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) in an Italian-speaking sample

Author(s): Lucia Monacis,Valeria De Palo,Mark D. Griffiths,Maria Sinatra / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The inclusion of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in Section III of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has increased the interest of researchers in the development of new standardized psychometric tools for the assessment of such a disorder. To date, the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) has only been validated in English, Portuguese, and Slovenian languages. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to examine the psychometric properties of the IGDS9-SF in an Italianspeaking sample. Methods: A total of 757 participants were recruited to the present study. Confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group analyses were applied to assess the construct validity. Reliability analyses comprised the average variance extracted, the standard error of measurement, and the factor determinacy coefficient. Convergent and criterion validities were established through the associations with other related constructs. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine an empirical cut-off point. Results: Findings confirmed the singlefactor structure of the instrument, its measurement invariance at the configural level, and the convergent and criterion validities. Satisfactory levels of reliability and a cut-off point of 21 were obtained. Discussion and conclusions: The present study provides validity evidence for the use of the Italian version of the IGDS9-SF and may foster research into gaming addiction in the Italian context.

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Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

Author(s): Joël Billieux,Adriano Schimmenti,Yasser Khazaal,Pierre Maurage,Alexandre Heeren / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, Recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction. Methods and aim: In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions. Results: Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed. Conclusions: We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

Author(s): Marcantonio M. Spada / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

This commentary considers a recent article on how the proliferating use of atheoretical, confirmatory and diagnosis driven research approaches is resulting in the over-identification of behavioral addictions. In response to the original article, I reflect on the timeliness and value of its observations and expand on a central point it raises: The importance of thinking beyond diagnostic frameworks in developing a comprehensive understanding of addictive behaviors and associated treatments.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Problems with atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches in the study of behavioral addictions

Author(s): Daniel Kardefelt-Winther / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

This commentary is written in response to a paper by Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage and Hereen (2015) published in the Journal of Behavioral Addictions. Methods: It supports and extends the arguments by Billieux, Schimmenti et al. (2015): that the study of behavioral addictions too often rests on atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches. This tends to lead to theories that lack specificity and a neglect of the underlying processes that might explain why repetitive problem behaviors occur. Results: In this commentary I extend the arguments by Billieux, Schimmenti et al. (2015) and argue that such research approaches might take us further away from conceptualizing psychiatric diagnoses that can be properly validated, which is already a problem in the field. Furthermore, I discuss whether the empirical support for conceptualizing repetitive problem behaviors as addictions might rest on research practices that have been methodologically biased to produce a result congruent with the proposal that substance addictions and behavioral addictions share similar traits. Conclusions: I conclude by presenting a number of ways of going forward, chief of which is the proposal that we might wish to go beyond a priori assumptions of addiction in favor of identifying the essential problem manifestations for each new potential behavioral addiction.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Defining and classifying non-substance or behavioral addictions

Author(s): Marc N. Potenza / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Multiple controversies exist currently in the field of behavioral addictions. The opinion article by Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage and Heeren (2015) proposes an approach to considering which behaviors might be considered as foci for addictions. The article raises multiple important points that foster further dialog and highlight the need for additional research. Given that how specific behaviors are considered from diagnostic and classification perspectives holds significant public health implications, targeting and eliminating current knowledge gaps relating to behavioral addictions is an important undertaking.

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Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

Author(s): Alexander Blaszczynski / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

This commentary supports the argument that there is an increasing tendency to subsume a range of excessive daily behaviors under the rubric of non-substance related behavioral addictions. The concept of behavioral addictions gained momentum in the 1990s with the recent reclassification of pathological gambling as a non-substance behavioral addiction in DSM-5 accelerating this process. The propensity to label a host of normal behaviors carried out to excess as pathological based simply on phenomenological similarities to addictive disorders will ultimately undermine the credibility of behavioral addiction as a valid construct. From a scientific perspective, anecdotal observation followed by the subsequent modification of the wording of existing substance dependence diagnostic criteria, and then searching for biopsychosocial correlates to justify classifying an excessive behavior resulting in harm as an addiction falls far short of accepted taxonomic standards. The differentiation of normal from non-substance addictive behaviors ought to be grounded in sound conceptual, theoretical and empirical methodologies. There are other more parsimonious explanations accounting for such behaviors. Consideration needs to be given to excluding the possibility that excessive behaviors are due to situational environmental/social factors, or symptomatic of an existing affective disorder such as depression or personality traits characteristic of cluster B personalities (namely, impulsivity) rather than the advocating for the establishment of new disorders.

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Synkretyzm Josepha Campbella

Author(s): Andrzej Korczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIX/2017

Freud's psychoanalysis, classical Adlerian psychology, Jung’s psychology, van Genneps' rites of passage, the Tantra theory as well as the diffusion theory are the main inspirational sources of Joseph Campbell's myth theory. The most important of them being the Tantra theory that according to Campbell contains and transcends all partial descriptions of the human psyche contained in depth psychology. As such, it constitutes the best description of the human psychic condition, symbolically expressed in myths.

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Recenzja: Anatomia ludzkiej destrukcyjności

Author(s): Waldemar Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

The review of: Erich Fromm, Anatomia ludzkiej destrukcyjności, Dom Wydawniczy REBIS, Poznań 1999, ss. 592.

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