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Nearly all the work of Kara Walker produced thus far including Gone: An Historical Romance Of A Civil War As It Occurred Between the Dusky Thighs of One Young Negress And Her Heart (1994); The End of Uncle Tom and the Grand Allegorical Tableau of Eva in Heaven (1995); The Battle of Atlanta: Being the Narrative of a Negress in the Flames of Desire . A Reconstruction (1995); Presenting Negro Scenes Drawn Upon My Passage Through the South and Reconfigured for the Benefit of Enlightened Audiences Wherever Such May Be Found, By Myself, K.E. B. Walker, Colored (1997) . I cite a few of the titles to give you some flavor of the work . nearly all the work employs the same technique: the adhesion of black paper cut-outs to white gallery walls.
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With beginnings probably dating back to the end of the Middle Paleolithic period, shamanism seems to be predominantly connected with the use of hallucinogenic agents and the experiences resulting therefrom. For this reason it is worth asking how the shamanistic cultural complex could function over such a long period of time in adaptive terms if the substance of its practice and ideology included the processing of information based on hallucinations. In the light of contemporary nomenclature, the latter are understood as inadequate erroneous perceptions. Accepting such a concept of hallucinations, it is possible to explain the long currency of shamanism on the basis of evolutionary cognitive error management theory, costly signalling theory, or evolutionary psychiatric group-splitting theory. However, the dominant approach to the phenomenon of hallucination may be questioned, and it is conceivable that at least some of its contents constitute a mediated projection of subliminal precepts preceding an experience of hallucinations or co-occurring with them. Transformations of hallucinations preceding their entry to the field of consciousness may be governed by the rules of association described by Herbert Silberer’s theory of self-symbolization and those brought to light by such researchers on subliminal perception as Otto Pötzl, Charles Fisher, or Norman Dixon. From this new perspective, a new definition of hallucination must be developed – a definition that will take the actual cognitive value of this phenomenon into consideration and be more adequate for providing a description of the full cognitive dynamics of the shamanistic complex.
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The review provides an outline of the book and discusses the approach by A. Holtshey-Kunz to the interpretation of psychopathological phenomena, developed by her within daseinsanalysis. Reviewertraces the logic of author’s critical analysis of daseins-analytical approaches by L. von Binswanger and M. Boss, and problematizes number of important points in the author’s interpretation ofM. Boss’s daseinsanalysis. The reviewer shows the problematic nature of the author’s interpretation of Heidegger’s “Being and Time” – the interpretation, on the basis of which she concludes that the“fall” of Dasein has the structure of wish and coordinates daseinsanalysis with psychoanalysis. This interpretation, however, allows the author to substantiate and develop an original approach to the understanding of mental suffering, presented in the concluding part of the book. Тhis approach is discussed in the end of review.
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The commentary aims to provide clarity to the article “Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research.” Methods: We provide another viewpoint for the important issues of behavior addiction. Result: The course of behavior addiction should be further studied. The criteria of withdrawal and tolerance of behavior addiction are ill-defined and need to be further evaluated. Conclusions: The etiology, course, presentation, and functional impairment of behavior addiction should be validated by evidence based data before being defined as a disorder.
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Taking up the issue of schizophrenia as a cause for declaring a marriage null and voit, the author begins his reflections with a look at psychosis. From the point of view of marriage validity, of special significance is also the analysis of schizophrenia with very particular medical aspects. The cause of nullity of a marriage discussed here, in turn, requires a rather precise definition of schizophrenia and the factors by which it may be triggered. The last part of the author’s reflections is devoted to the analysis of canon 1095 of the Code of Canon Law, especially to the definition of cases when this schizophrenia is serious enough to exclude marriage validity.
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Test Drzewa jest jednym z testów projekcyjnych. Projekcja to „mechanizm obronny ja, polegający na nieświadomym przypisywaniu innym osobom czy ogólniej – dostrzeganiu w świecie zewnętrznym, swych własnych popędów, myśli, intencji, swych własnych konfliktów wewnętrznych”. Metoda projekcyjna, w rękach wytrawnego interpretatora pozwala wykryć nawet utajone cechy osobowości. W Słowniku psychologii czytamy: „przypisując znaczenie plamie atramentu, niejasnemu obrazkowi czy trudnemu do zdefiniowania odgłosowi, badany wyraża strukturę swojej własnej osobowości”. Podobny proces zachodzi wówczas, gdy badany rysuje drzewo.
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The aim of this research is to examine the phenomenon of integration in the context of the psychotherapeutic modality of integrative psychotherapy. The sample consists of 20 representatives of schools of Integrative Psychotherapy from all over Europe, with the focus group research conducted after the meeting of the European Association for Integrative Psychotherapy in Zagreb, Croatia. Phenomenological interpretive analysis has singled out the results we grouped in the following topics: Integration in therapist-to-client relations, Integration of professional and personal, Integration of theory and techniques, and Integration of different dimensions of the client. The qualitative research presented offers a more complete understanding of the integration phenomenon, helping us understand the levels integration occurs and happens at, how it occurs in relationship, and which dimensions of the client and therapist personalities are the focus of integration.
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The article analyzes the personality and creation of the famous Danish thinker Soren Kierkegaard. Methodological principles and research procedures, developed by the followers of psychoanalysis, are the main instrument of knowledge and methodological arsenal of the study. The article deals with the complication of Kierkegaard’s personality. The most interesting facts of his intellectual biography which had a direct impact on his outlook, as well as psychological and religious ideas, are approached from a psychoanalytical point of view.
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Psychoanalysis or classical analysis is a school of thought in psychology that focuses upon the study of personality. Main aim of this article is to present a psychoanalytical approach to religion as an integral factor of society that has encountered numerous different systems and ideologies throughout its history. Keeping in mind that one article cannot deal with all the analysis of numerous scholars of Psychoanalysis, which dealt with religion, it will focus upon the work of three psychoanalysts. Since Freud is the founder of this school of thought it would be improper to start any talks about psychoanalysis without an introduction to his study which is known for its functional and reductionist approach. Jung, a student of Freud is another representative of the school. He tries, using a phenomenological approach to justify the theory of man as homo religious, i.e. theory of man as religious being. We also present findings of Fromm, who as a neo-Freudian fused psychoanalysis and social psychology thus contributing to the development of new perspectives within the psychoanalysis. Of course, opinions of other scholars like Maslow, Frankl or Adlera, are equaly valuable, but the analysis of their theories may be a subject of some other work. Main thoughts of mentioned theoreticians are presented here by using theoretical analysis method. Results show that these scholars have focused upon different structures in their analysis of religion. The teacher and the student that is Freud and Jung, despite differences in their opinions have both focused upon the functional role of religion, whereas Fromm’s focus was mainly humanistic in its dimension.
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The conservation of Romanian identity represents one of the main priorities that all Romanians have to manifest. Through the conservation of national identity and the capitalisation of specific values, the Romanian nation continues to be alive and to manifest his main cultural and spiritual characteristics. In this context it is necessary to find the most efficient ways of identity conservation, through researching mythological symbolism and his influence on national identity. The research can be extended both at psychological level and at spiritual level through the study of Romanian mythology. In that sense, the most powerful influence on the process of national identity conservation is held by the unconscious dimension of human mind. Considering the fact that unconscious, spiritual and psychological, contributes significantly to the achievement of a systematic process of national identity conservation, it is necessary to research the connexions between unconscious and mythological symbols. In this study, which has exploratory and introductive character, it is highlighted the importance that unconscious holds in conservation of the Romanian national identity through mythological symbols. Thus, the specific connexions between unconscious collective and mythological symbols are analysed and also the influence of collective unconscious through the use of symbols in national identity conservation. Moreover, the specific methods and research tools of connexions between collective unconscious and symbols are analysed. The research also includes the analysis of the myth named Meșterul Manole, as a national myth with deep meanings in Romanian culture and identity.
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The article presents the three main types of relations between psychoanalysis and autobiography. Psychoanalysis is defined as an autobiographical practice that has become a science. Autobiography also provides its most important therapeutic technique. Moreover, in the light of Freud’s theory, any given autobiography can be understood in terms of screen memories.
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The article refers to issues related to the formation of a culture called narcissism. The author hypothesizes that narcissism is becoming a key tool in describing the condition of postmodern man. In the article, the author answers the question whether and why we can talk about the development of a culture of narcissism and what are its determinants. A definition of narcissism in the socio-cultural sense is proposed.
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This article’s aim is to show, as exemplified by fiction and activism, that the concept of mimeticism appearing in Luce Irigaray’s early works may prove to become instrumental in overcoming difficulties associated with giving witness or uttering a confession. Though ostensibly they are uttered to “tell the truth,” or to produce the authenticity effect, thanks to Irigaray’s optics, we may gauge their efficacy under present circumstances by deconstructing their alleged veracity and the credibility of the witness-giver.
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The purpose of this article is to provide a psychological perspective on the state of vulnerability, presented as an inherent characteristic of the human condition. Terminology benchmarks are set at the beginning, highlighting the transdisciplinarity of the concept and identifying the main sources and categories of vulnerability. Then, the vulnerability, the pain, and the suffering are analyzed in various fields of psychology (clinical psychology, social psychology, psychoanalysis). The end of the article is a pleading for vulnerability, articulated around three myths, each of them being an argument in favor of the need of vulnerability in the human existence.
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This article presents the results of researching strategies of coping stressfulsituations among graduate students who are at the stage of completing their studies and further jobsearch. In the ascertaining experiment, took part students of graduate courses of the full-time learningform of education: 190 students, of which 100 girls (52.6%) and 90 boys (47.4%) of variousspecialties. The general average indicators of the coping level for the majority of respondents arehigh and medium. Most of the respondents prefer such constructive ways of coping with difficult lifesituations as positive reappraisal and self-control. When faced with difficult life situations, girls showefforts to seek informational, effective and emotional support; recognize their own role in the problemwith accompanying attempts to solve it and show problem-focused efforts to change the situation,which include an analytical approach to the problem. It is typical for young men to plan a solutionto a problem in stressful situations, purposefully analyzing the situation and possible behavioral options,as well asto develop a plan for their actions, taking into account objective conditions, past experienceand available resources. The average indicators clearly demonstrate the differences amongrespondents in pedagogical and socio-behavioral / legal specialties and their absence amongrespondents in pedagogical and economic specialties. To cope with difficult life situations,respondents choose ineffective coping strategies such as: escape-avoidance and distancing
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The article presents a study of the general satisfaction with marriage of a largesocial group of respondents and the correlation of this indicator with such aspects of interpersonalinteraction in the family as understanding, emotional attraction and respect. The study was carriedout on a sample of 157 married couples aged 18 and over with different numbers of years of familyexperience. The results of the study demonstrate a high level of satisfaction with marital relationsand the relationship of this indicator with emotional attraction and understanding in the family. Thelow level of the indicator of "authority" or respect for the marriage partner is alarming, which makesthe family system vulnerable and prone to destruction
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From their psychological and philosophical aspects in this paper, the authors aim to mark the 80th anniversary of the death of the prominent thinker and researcher Sigmund Freud (Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939, London), a Viennese and global psychoanalysts, neuropsychiatrist, along with modifications by his associates and students. The discussion of this paper provides insight into the concepts of unconscious motivation, conflict and symbolism, which represent a subject of analysis of numerous theses and hypotheses Freud had during the treatment of patients, primarily neurotics. Furthermore, this paper studies Freud's analyses which indicate that nothing in a psychical life is accidental, and particularly such occurrence and phenomena which cannot be explained other than by facts inherent in the clear and sensible consciousness that go beyond the knowledge of the unconscious psyche. In this context, the authors came to the conclusion that the conscious activity in Freud's opinion occupies a smaller part of the psychic apparatus, and on the other hand, the greater part consists of unconscious impulses, tendencies that essentially control the awareness and behavioral impulses of human beings. Consequently, Freud's psychoanalysis, as a theory, represents a work of a prominent genius, a radical milestone in psychology. In that regard, Freud's research in the field of psychoanalysis is a contribution to futurology, i.e. a discipline that deals with scientific research of treating complex mental illness in the future.
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The aim of this qualitative research was to gain insight into the motives of experts for enrolment in psychotherapy training and the benefits gained during training. Ten experts from different disciplines participated in the research. Semistructured interviews were the main data collection approach. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results show that the most common motives for enrolment in the training are: professional development, application of useful knowledge, practising psychotherapy as a profession. Recognized benefits are: strengthening of personal and professional relationships, personal development and skills application. The research provides additional understanding of the multidimensional effects of psychotherapeutic training especially for psycho-social help professions, which makes a scientific contribution of this paper due to the existing lack of research on this topic in the region.
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