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This article aims to present in summary form the problem of the specific features and expressions of fear in childhood. The object of this article are the psychological characteristics of fear, its manifestations – what causes and what prevents the fear, fear mechanisms and opportunities to overcome it.
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The polygraph is an instrument that detects, monitors, and records physiological responses that are allegedly of psychological origin and attributed to deception. Hence the human mind and its complex psychology are the core of the detected physical responses. However, the polygraph industry has almost entirely overlooked psychological issues in its training and publishing. The industry focuses its attention and interest on various technical aspects of the test such as e.g. scoring, rather than concentrating on what is most important, i.e. the examinee’s psychology, as it is responsible for almost the entire test result. The paper extensively explains the importance of examinee psychology and its influence on test outcome, points to the shortfalls in training and publication activity of the industry, and discusses the result and impact of the industry’s approach.
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Preschool children with organic lesions of the nervous system need a comprehensive approach to medical and social rehabilitation. These pathologies (organic lesions of the organs of hearing, vision, vestibular and speech apparatus) are quite common among children nowadays. The process of speech formation and social behavior of such patients is complex in structural and functional organization. The purpose of the article is to investigate the history and current state of social and medical rehabilitation for sensory and other CNS defects. The novelty of the research. The problem of forming life competence in children with special needs from an early age remains undeveloped. Research methods are based on historical and comparative-analytical principles. Conclusions. Thus, considering various aspects of rehabilitation care for early preschool children with CNS defects and speech disorders, it was possible to determine the paramount importance of speech development in rehabilitation work with early preschool children, because successes in learning Ukrainian in this sensitive period, or their absence will significantly affect all aspects of further medical and social rehabilitation.
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The aim of the article is to present the importance and applicability of intuition in the modern world, as well as the study of behavioral economics. An interdisciplinary approach has been used, with a comparative and critical analysis of different concepts of behavioral economics, neuroeconomics and cognitive psychology. The intuition is presented by presenting the anatomy of left and right brain thinking, the rational and automatic thinking system, the influence of information technologies on its acquisition.
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Over the course of the late 20th century the so-called “social model” (which views disability as the result of social barriers that prevent people with disabilities from participating into the society) arose. This model opposed the previously dominant “medical model” (in which disability is considered as an individual pathology) that had until then underpinned much of service provision for people with disabilities all around the world. Latterly the development of holistic models brought about a global understanding of disability, taking into consideration all dimensions. The development of international legislation on the rights of people with disabilities during the 1970s also accounts for this shift in paradigm from the medical to the social model of disability. Among those, the adoption by the UN General Assembly of the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities in 1993, presented disability rights as an equal opportunity issue rather than a special needs issue. For South East European countries at various stages of an EU association or accession process, a key legal instrument is the Council of Europe Recommendation No. R (92) 6 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on a Coherent Policy for People with Disabilities. In terms of the financial perspective of these services, the results are shown in many reports for institutional care and community-based services. In all of them is noted there is no evidence, that model of community-based services is rather expensive than care in the institutions. Other studies, note the opposite meaning. Experience shows that simply closing institutions is not, in itself, enough to ensure the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. In order to achieve real inclusion, an efficient network of quality community-based services must be established, and service standards and monitoring systems must be developed.
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Despite the existence of unquestionable evidence of the success and benefits of neuroscience in explaining social phenomena through a new area of research known as social neuroscience, the social sciences show no particular interest in neuroscientific research into social phenomena. A possible solution for the conceptualization of the inter-disciplinary connection of neuroscience and social sciences is the analogy with the existence of two perspectives in social psychology: sociological social psychology and psychological social psychology.
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The purpose of this article is to outline the main features and principles, for the provision of social support for dying clients. It presents the main theoretical stages in connection with the adoption of the death and the reactions of customers and their relatives, as well as practical guidelines for direct aid in the adoption of death.
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The works on literary chronology, which largely remains at the positions of positivism, have claimed until now that a memoirist should be trustworthy and try to avoid mistakes. The modern neurophysiological works are developing a new concept of memory, according to which memories are constantly “rewritten” by the brain, regardless of their author’s integrity. New methodological problems faced by the study of literature in this situation are considered in the paper.
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In this paper, we establish the appropriate interpretation of quantum wave phenomena in the framework of the theory of quantum mechanics and some of the mental processes of consciousness. The common physical and semantic structure of the quantum wave phenomena and their measurement with the organization of the process of cognition (measured) state of human consciousness has been demonstrated with the help of formalization and interpretation of the semantic content of the text written by him. As a result, the conclusion about quantum wave nature of the physical media consciousness is justified.
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Mental health is defined as a state of being in which individuals are aware of their skills, are able to cope with normal stress in life, their labor isproductive and they contribute to the welfare of the community. Dependencies between personal status - age, sex, marital status, number of children, income level and their job satisfaction, life satisfaction, subjective happiness and well-being are explored. The results showed that gender has extremely weak influence on job satisfaction. No dependence has been detected between the marital status and the explored parameters of the respondents. A connection between the satisfaction index and the number of children in the family was discovered. The highest values of positive relationships, life goals, sense of independence and job satisfaction belong to people with three children; those with two children have lower values and persons with one child or no children have the lowest and very similar values. It was found that the degree of job satisfaction does not affect mental well-being. Respondents generally appreciate life in a positive light and have a high result on the scale of mental well-being. A conclusion is made that the cognitive component of life satisfaction and the affective component happiness and subjective well-being are determined by different conditions.
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This article studies some of the most popular in psychology views about homosexuality as a manifestation of individuality. It briefly presents the interpretation of psychoanalysis, as well as some other areas that explain the causes which “unlock” and activate homosexual attraction and behaviour in the individual. At the same time the article examines the social and pedagogical aspects of homosexuality, mostly related to the acceptance of homosexuals in society, the extent of forming a positive attitude towards the sexually different, and the importance of educating tolerance towards differences, regardless of their nature.
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Psychological features of vocational training of social workers are analyzed. The presented psychology and pedagogical model of development of professionalism of the social worker in the conditions of modern higher education institution allows to analyses more deeply and comprehensively this phenomenon and to present a peculiar standard of model that will help to solve numerous personal and professional problems of the social worker, including a choice of strategy of self-realization in professional activity. Model as logical construct, opening professionalism development, gives an idea of structure, the contents, the purpose, means, result of this process; about the functions displaying professionalism of the social worker; clears up and predicts future condition of professionalism of the expert.
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Experiencing loss and grief after a failed attempt at assisted reproduction leads to serious emotional repercussions for the mother and the couple as a whole. To pinpoint the philosophical-existential fears of the mother “that wasn’t” is of great importance, for it allows deliberate work to be done to help the present loss reaction. The serious medico-psychosocial problem present deserves to be examined due to the wide philosophical-ethical resonances it leads to. In some cases the reaction to loss can lead to a rejection of further tries, to “unlocking” depression and other mental illnesses. The authors present their own study involving 29 women aged 28 – 43, evaluated with two standardized self assessment psychological questionnaires for depression and anxiety, an interview and a survey. Based on the provided result data the patients most often had difficulties overcoming their loss, due to being situated in the phases of Anger and Depression, as based on the Stages of Grief, and report symptoms of generalized stress, depression and anxiety. Patients remain certain in the need for individual and group psychosocial work to overcome the loss.
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The article analyzes the peculiarities of transformation of understanding yourself and the world a man in fantasy traveling. These changes are described in the context of their psychotherapeutic function. Observed phenomena, components, and development ways of understanding themselves and the world, the new identity in General. Describes the main differences of human development, his understanding of himself and the world, in different types of relationships. Shows the interaction and mutual influence are included in the dialogue of the actors, comprehend themselves and the world available to them, the difficulties and possibilities of understanding on the transpersonal way of building relationships. The formation and development of transpersonal relationship is viewed as a specific feature of human relations, with formed or emerging cosmic identity.
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The Association of Social Workers in the City of Skopje is a non-profit, non-governmental organization that directs its activities towards developing the professional capacities of social workers and disseminating knowledge that will enable them to keep up to date with the latest achievements and methods of work of the social protection. The activities of the Association are of particular importance for the reason of the problem of the social and economic problems caused by the processes of transition to a market-based and pluralistic oriented society that have led to a number of social problems among the citizens.
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In the organization of the Network for Strengthening Social Work in Mental Health in Southeast Europe, financed by the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Ausatausch Dienst), the third Regional Workshop was held in Zagreb entitled "The Quality of Life in the Institutions for Mental Health". The workshop was attended by experts and students in the field of social work and psychology from: Germany, Croatia, Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia.
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The paper describes the nature of the relationship between experiences and reflexive regulation processes, which makes it possible to speak about a higher degree of participation of experiences in reflective rather than metacognitive regulation. Experience, whose components are interconnected with individual psychological and personal characteristics, acts as a mediator in their relations with reflection. The obtained results extend the idea of the functional role of emotional experience, which consists in determining the specific nature of the multidimensional, dynamic and interdependent relationships not only between consciousness and mental state, but also between the processes of reflexive regulation (as an integral part of consciousness) and individual psychological and personal qualities of a person.
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This article considers how children’s neuropsychological development, in particular executive functions, influences their speech acquisition. The study involved 71 students of the second grade (average age 8.8 years, standard deviation 0.29) in one of the lyceums in Moscow. The children were asked to do tasks based on a battery of neuropsychological methods, including making up a story using a series of pictures “Garbage”. The results of the neuropsychological tests were used to calculate the following parameters: firstly, the index of the executive functions (3.1) and the index of serial organization (3.2); secondly, the auditory information processing index (2.2) and the left hemispheric index (L); and, thirdly, the visuospatial information processing index (2.4) and the right hemispheric index (R). According to these indices, strong and weak groups were formed 1) for executive functions, 2) for left hemisphere, and 3) for right hemisphere functions. The stories created by the children were used to analyze their speech production ability, as well as both general textual and syntactic parameters. The data obtained revealed that, depending on the level of development of executive functions, children’s stories differ in a number of parameters. The latter include general text features (semantic completeness, semantic adequacy (the presence of incompleteness and distortions), the construction of the semantic program of the story, the number of words in the story) and syntactic and grammatical features (the number of simple and complex sentences, the average sentence length, etc.).
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The goal of the present article is to analyse some of the main premises for justifying the simulation theory (ST) via the mirror neuron theory. The first task will be to formulate a criterion which will set the analysis’s limits. Here I will refer to this criterion as “Goldman’s criterion” (GC). According to GC, the attribution of mental states requires that they be simulationally represented as mental rather than behavioural states. The second task is to introduce the analysis’s object. The object of the analysis enters the picture as part of the theoretical explanations of Iacoboni’s experiment. According to the experiment’s results, mirror neurons represent intentions, which is taken as evidence in support of ST. However, here I will show that the experiment’s description can be a source of alternative uses for the concept of intention – ones that refer not to states, but rather to behavioural dispositions. If this is the case, then GC can not be fulfilled, because of a conceptual problem.
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The article presents and comments the results of empirical research concerning burnout and mental well-being of 340 employees. The conclusions are related to the impact of the factors such as gender, age, marital status and hierarchical position on the discussed phenomena.
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