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Zaangażowanie aksjologiczne psychologii rozwojowej

Author(s): Adam Niemczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The paper focuses on the cognitive value of psychological knowledge about the human mind and personality development in children, adolescents and adults. It is argued that axiological engagement of developmental psychology means reference to its object of study with truth-value judgments about it. The understanding of human development entails an axiological engagement with it that is directed towards truth. Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz wrote about the significance of the anti-irrational stance in our cognition and in our actions guided by cognition toward reaching planned desirable ends within our human social world. Ajdukiewicz has pondered the epistemic value of being true or false with our knowledge; any utilitarian or pragmatic considerations or uses of it notwithstanding. It is assumed by him that one should preserve an anti-irrational stance in order to decide on the difference between true and false beliefs. It is argued that the science of psychology reduces the value of cognition to utilitarian and pragmatic values and knows next to nothing about how to identify truth and falsity of beliefs. This assertion implies an urgent need to find out how children, youth, and adults learn to deal with epistemic values of their beliefs. One should put aside the positivistic and empiricist theory of human cognition in order to open a space for a new proposal in developmental psychology. It deals with the relation of reference of beliefs of human subjects to the objects of their cognition in their social world and argues for the return to the notion of ideals in psychology in order to investigate their indispensable role in human mind and personality development.

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Obilježja ranog rječničkog razvoja u djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma

Author(s): Klara Popcevic / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 1/2022

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterised by deficits in social interaction and communication. Based on some theoretical approaches, these deficits provide an unstable foundation for language acquisition. In the earliest stages of language development, this may be reflected in the vocabulary development of children with ASD. Possible deviations in vocabulary development have been investigated at the level of rate of word acquisition and vocabulary composition. Although studies have confirmed that there is significant variability in the language abilities of children with ASD, in many cases, these children experience a delay in the production of first words and acquire words at a slower rate. As a result, the size of their vocabulary is often smaller than expected based on their chronological age. A small body of research points to possible deviations in vocabulary development (i.e., developmental trajectories of specific word classes). Vocabulary composition differs to some extent in typologically different languages, suggesting that vocabulary development in children with ASD needs to be studied in different languages. For Croatian, there is currently no information on the vocabulary development of children with this disorder. Based on a review of literature, this paper highlights important methodological implications for further research on vocabulary development, as well as clinical implications for speech therapy interventions aimed at supporting language development in children with ASD.

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Development of communication skills of older preschool children through information technology

Author(s): Saule Yerkebayeva,Ulbossyn Kyyakbayeva,Sarsengul Jetpisbayeva,Dolores Nurgaliyeva,Galiya Abilbakieva,Nazerke Shalkharbekova / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

The purpose of this research is to get the opinions of preschool teachers to improve the communication skills of preschool children through information technology. The phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research approaches, was used in the research. The participant group of the research consists of 62 preschool teachers who teach in various preschool educational institutions in the city of Nursultan, Kazakhstan. Research data were collected with a semi-structured interview form. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the majority of preschool teachers have a very high tendency to use information technologies. On the other hand, it has been determined that the majority of preschool teachers participating in the research have a medium level of competence in using information technologies. The majority of preschool teachers participating in the research stated that they sometimes use information technologies to develop children's communication skills. Preschool teachers participating in the research offered suggestions for teachers and schools about using information technologies in the development of children's communication skills. The majority of teachers suggested the creation of information technology-supported lesson programmes, the design of group projects and the creation of educational games. As for schools, the majority of teachers suggested creating classrooms with technological equipment in schools

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ПРЕВЪЗХОДСТВОТО НА КАЧЕСТВЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕС НАД ЕФЕКТА ОТ РЕЗУЛТАТА

Author(s): Emil Buzov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The present article is related to the application of a technological psychological-pedagogical and methodological practical-applied model to create conditions for the adaptation of the child's personality in the preschool institution. The importance of the quality of the educational process comes to the fore, which would guarantee a certain expected result, constructed on the basis of using an innovative approach for the sake of developing and unfolding the child's overall potential. The transition from a family to a new environment is associated with a different duration of the adaptation process for each child. When the necessary forms and models are found, this transition becomes successful at the expense of children's fears and their parents' worries.

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АСЕРТИВНОТО ПОВЕДЕНИЕ – АЛТЕРНАТИВА НА ДЕТСКАТА АГРЕСИЯ

Author(s): Vesela Pancheva Stoianova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

This report discusses some theoretical and applied aspects of the problem of child aggression and ways to form assertive behavior among students in third and fourth grade. The thesis that is advocated in this report is that assertive behavior can be formed by creating an appropriate educational environment. This is a long and difficult process that requires a unified focus of conscious thought and action by the child and leads to self-actualization and growth of the child's personality. Once learned, it becomes its enduring characteristic and enables it to make independent decisions, through independent thinking, turning to personal experience, accurate judgment, initiative, ingenuity, personal discipline, and cooperation.

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Mechanisms of intercultural competence formation in teaching foreign languages

Author(s): Gulnara Akhmetova,Dinara Ryspayeva,Alma Zhukenova,Natalya Zhumagulova / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2022

The purpose of this research is to obtain teachers' opinions on the development of communication skills of preschool children through information technologies. This research is in the case study model, which is one of the qualitative research designs. The participant group of the research consists of 40 preschool teachers who are teaching in various preschool education institutions in Almaty, Kazakhstan, in the 2021–2022 academic year. Research data were collected with the semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, majority of the preschool teachers stated that they frequently benefit from information technologies in the development of preschool children's communication skills. They also stated permanence in learning, increasing interest and attention, being educational and entertaining, the ease it provides in learning, the opportunity to raise technology literate children and saving time as the advantages of using information technologies in the development of preschool children's communication skills. They stated the problems experienced in choosing appropriate content, the technological infrastructure problems of the school, the technology addiction and the technological pedagogical inadequacy of the teachers as the disadvantages of using information technologies in the development of communication skills of preschool children. Based on the results of the research, in order to eliminate the deficiencies in teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge, it is necessary to organise regular in-service training programmes.

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COMPREHENSION OF COMPLEX LITHUANIAN SYNTACTIC CONSTRUCTIONS: A STUDY OF TYPICALLY DEVELOPING CHILDREN AND CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER

Author(s): Laura Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2022

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to compare the comprehension of complex Lithuanian syntactic constructions (relative clauses, passive sentences, wh-questions) in typically developing (TD) children and children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Second, to display the characteristics of comprehension of these constructions that can be attributed to specific language features of Lithuanian. This study demonstrates that both TD children and children with DLD have problems in comprehending passive sentences and wh-questions. TD children had fewer challenges in performing the relative clause comprehension task than the other tasks. However, children with DLD faced more difficulties in performing the relative clause task. The results show that children are more likely to make errors in interpreting object but not subject sentences. Even though in Lithuanian syntagmatic relations are marked by inflections, it is still difficult for children to grasp the syntactic relations between the subject and the object in complex constructions.

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Модель порождения речи школы Л.С. Выготского: основы и верификация

Author(s): T. V. Akhutina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2022

In this article, the development and verification of the A.A. Leontiev–T.V. Akhutina model of speech production based on L.S. Vygotsky’s ideas is discussed. The conceptual and experimental background of L.S. Vygotsky’s theory of speech thinking is analyzed. The ideas of this theory opened the way to a prudent approach to understanding the controversy in psycholinguistics of the 1960s–1970s (works by A.A. Leontiev), A.R. Luria’s findings in aphasiology, and the results of T.V. Akhutina’s research in the field of agrammatism. This determined, in many ways, the specifics of the general framework of the model. The major psycholinguistic concepts elaborated in the 1970s are considered, i.e., those introduced by Ch. Fillmore, C. Lee and S. Thompson, J. Bruner and E. Bates, all shedding light on the syntactic operations of the model. The verification of these ideas in the studies describing syntax in children’s speech, “pidgin” and creole languages, etc. is carried out. The recent observations of the problem being studied at the intersection of linguistics, psychology, and neurosciences are summarized. Particular attention is paid to R. Jackendoff and E. Wittenberg’s review of “linear” languages, as well as to the experimental studies by R. Tomlin, A. Myachikov, A. Konopka that fit with the A.A. Leontiev–T.V. Akhutina model of speech production. The conclusion is made about the high explanatory potential of L.S. Vygotsky’s ideas and the model based on them.

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Sociálna opora ako faktor školskej úspešnosti žiakov s vývinovými poruchami učenia na základnej škole

Author(s): Anna Turóci,Tatiana Dubayová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2022

The paper deals with the issue of school success of students with learning disabilities in primary school and its connection with social support. Theoretical background clarifies developmental learning disorders, school success, its factors, social support and its sources. The aim of the presented research was to find out the importance of sources of social support for pupils with developmental learning disabilities in primary school and their satisfaction with the support provided. Subsequently, part of the goal was to assess the correlation of satisfaction with social support and school success. The secondary objective was to determine the perception of the inclusion of students with developmental learning disabilities in the integration into the school classroom, through the classroom climate. A total of 275 students (150 girls and 125 boys) took part in the research, of which 36 were students with developmental learning disabilities and 239 intact students. The age of students ranged from 9 to 12 years. No differences in the importance of resources have been identified, but differences in satisfaction with social support have already been demonstrated. The connection between school success and social support for students with developmental learning disabilities has also been demonstrated. The perception of the overall class climate was the same for both groups of respondents.

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Maštalíř, J., Maštalířová, D., Škopová, V., Baslerová, P. - Rukověť kariérového poradce žáků se SVP – individuální plánování a tranzitní program

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2022

Review of: MAŠTALÍŘ, J., MAŠTALÍŘOVÁ, D., ŠKOPOVÁ, V., BASLEROVÁ, P. - Rukověť kariérového poradce žáků se SVP – individuální plánování a tranzitní program, Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2022. 127 s. ISBN 978- 80-244-6089-5

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Helicopter parenting, self-control, and problematic online gaming in emerging adults

Author(s): Yankı Süsen,Halil Pak,Esra Çevik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-control on the relationship between perceived helicopter parental attitudes and problematic online gaming among emerging-adult online gamers. 186 gamers from Turkey were reached using a cross-sectional online survey. According to the results obtained in this study, self-control was negatively associated with problematic online gaming and perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitudes. Also, problematic online gaming was positively correlated with perceived maternal helicopter parenting attitude. It was further found that age, gender, and having previous psychiatric diagnosis were significantly related to problematic online gaming. Age had a positive significant correlation with problematic online gaming whereas those who reported having previous psychiatric diagnosis and male respondents also stated higher levels of problematic online gaming. Lastly, mothers were significantly perceived as having higher helicopter parental attitudes compared to fathers. However, the indirect effect was found significant only at paternal level. Thus, it can be concluded that the indirect effect was due to the tendency for those who perceived higher paternal helicopter parenting attitude to have lower levels of self-control, which in turn resulted in higher levels of problematic online gaming. This study offers novel insight into online gaming research, indicating that perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitude may lead to developing problematic online gaming among emerging adult children with low selfcontrol.

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ÇOCUK EVLERİ KOORDINASYON MERKEZİ GÖREVLİLERİNİN EN SIK KARŞILAŞTIĞI PROBLEMLER VE ÇÖZÜM YAKLAŞIMLARI

Author(s): Abdulkadir KISAKAYA,Hüseyin Hüsnü BAHAR,Sinan Yalçın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 72/2022

In this study, the most common problems faced by the children's home coordination center staff and their solution suggestions were investigated. The research was designed in the qualitative research method. The phenomenology design was used in the research. The data of the study were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. The study group of the research consists of the managers and decision-makers working in the children's home coordination center (CHCC) in a province located in the Southeastern Anatolian Region. There are one institution manager, one social worker and two child development experts in the working group. The data obtained from the research were analyzed by content analysis. According to the results obtained from the research, CHCC center employees stated that the problems they encounter with children are mostly “breaking the rules, trying to escape and behavior problems”. It was concluded that the most common problems they encounter with parents are: the parents have weak emotional bonds with their children, their relationships are not healthy, they comfort children with statements such as “I will take you with me” or use false statements such as “they do not give you to me”; moreover, they want their children to stay in government institutions and become civil servants in the future, and they try to bend the institution’s rules. According to the director of the establishment, it was noted that the most common problems related to financial, administrative and other official issues were mostly due to appropriations and that there was not enough appropriation. It has been concluded that the most common problems related to the physical structure and equipment are that their establishment is an old structure, the equipment is old and insufficient, the number of rooms is low, the necessary activity and meeting areas are not available, and the establishment is quite far from the city center.

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ÇOCUKLARIN ZİHİNSEL GELİŞİMİNDE SANAT EĞİTİMİNİN ETKİSİ

Author(s): Metin Kar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 73/2022

The importance of art in the development of societies is undeniable. Art is one of the activities that bring the imagination of the individuals who make up the society to the highest point and develop their creative side. In the journey that art has made from ancient civilizations to the present, the abilities of individuals have been grasped together with practical experiences in life, and in this sense, it has contributed to the forward direction of societies. With this awareness, in today's conditions, the fact that art is an important factor that plays a role in directing the society in a branched way and in their development is clearly seen. In this research, it was emphasized that it is necessary to create all kinds of conditions in order to start giving art education to children in the developmental age, to receive education in line with their abilities, to be individuals who are creative and transform life with an aesthetic thought. The basic conditions necessary for children to be creative and productive; their freedom, their ability to use knowledge and tools easily, and the formation of a sense of curiosity are realized within art education. It is emphasized that children who are educated in art practices in line with their talents will catch up with the age and create a creative society as individuals who question life, transform thoughts, and have dreams for the future. Literature on this subject has been reviewed and studies related to the field have been examined. As a result, art education contributes positively to the mental development of children in the developmental age. Art is an effective element in the formation of a society consisting of developed and creative individuals. Art activities should be given from the age of development and then these activities should be continued as adults. Sustaining the creativity of the individuals who make up the society through art will also contribute positively to the professions they choose. Plastic arts, music etc. Considering the contribution of art education in the branches to the mental development of children, it is an important element in the construction of the future of a society.

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İLKÖĞRETİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN RESİMLERİNİN RENK KULLANIMI AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Oğuz Yurttadur,Tuğba Bayrakdar,Aylin Gürbüz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 79/2022

In this research, based on the drawings made by primary school students, "Examination of Primary School Students' Paintings in Terms of Color Use" constitutes the main purpose of the research. In this research, which was designed in accordance with qualitative research methods, observation and document analysis techniques were used. In the research, first, information about the concept of color was given, and then the paşntşngs of the students, who were examined and evaluated in the light of this information, were presented with examples. The participants of this research, in which the qualitative research method was chosen and used, consisted of a total of 45 students, 21 girls and 24 boys, studying in different classes in Sakarya. Considering the length of the article in the research, 22 paintings selected as examples from the participants were examined and evaluated. While examining the pictures, demographic characteristics such as gender and age were compared. While collecting the data in the research, students were asked to paint with pastel paints depending on the topic of "my colorful world". As a result of the research, the conclusion section was created depending on the data of the research. In this study, important results were obtained about the use of color in the drawings of the students. A significant difference was observed between the painting works of the primary school students participating in the research and their gender characteristics. Different uses were observed in terms of the use of color in the drawings of male and female students. It was observed that female students preferred primary and secondary colors more than male students in the use of colors. On the other hand, it has been observed that the primary colors are the most preferred colors by male students in terms of color use compared to female students. When the students' painting studies were examined according to age differences, differences were found in terms of color use. It has been observed that the use of color diversity has been observed as the age progresses, depending on the painting characteristics of the students between the ages of 7 and 10. With the increase in the perception of reality as the age increases, it has been determined that the real color of the figures and objects is tried to be used in the use of colors in the paintings of the students. As a result of these findings obtained in the research, suggestions were made about the use of color by the students.

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Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları, Aleksitimi ve Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Author(s): Büşra Akpınar,Zeynep Gümüş Demir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2022

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between childhood traumas, alexithymia and difficulty in emotion regulation in university students. Relational screening model was used in the research. The sample group of the study consists of 351 university students. 83.5% of the participants (n = 293) were women and 16.5% (n = 63) were men. Informed Voluntary Consent Form, Socio-demographic Information Form, Childhood Trauma Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Emotion Regulation Scale Short-Form were administered to the participants. Data collection was carried out online (Google Forms) through convenient sampling. Spearman Correlation Analysis and Simple Linear Regression Analysis were performed to examine the relationship and effect between non-parametric tests and socio-demographic characteristics, childhood traumas, alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulties, by looking at the normality curves in the data analysis. As a result of the research findings, a significant and positive relationship was found between the childhood traumas, alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulties of university students. In addition, it was determined that male individuals are more alexithymic than females, females are exposed to sexual abuse more than males, 24-25 age group has more difficulty in emotion regulation, and the rate of emotion regulation and alexithymia is low in the presence of a romantic relationship. It is thought that this study can contribute to the relevant literature. It is thought that the results obtained from the study will contribute to the field of clinical practice and the relevant literature.

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The influence of perfectionism on the school performance of young schoolchildren

Author(s): Popa Cătălina Mariana / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Perfectionism amongst young children is a phenomenon that has just recently become a topic for research. In a highly competitive society, orientation towards performance and the attainment of very high standards coincide with the necessity to create a perfect “self” for the child. In this context dominated by the interest to create optimised children, we can talk about the development of a type of behaviour with perfectionist tendencies, whose consequences have started to draw the researchers’ attention during the past decades. Although perfectionism can be both positive and negative, research findings have shown that there are numerous factors that contribute to the development of maladaptive perfectionism in children, even from an early school age. The purpose of this research was to focus on the positive side of this personality trait by measuring the connection between the independent variable of perfectionism and the dependent variable of school performance, by also taking into consideration variables such as the parents’ influence and the competitive spirit in the educational background. To this effect, the instrument we used to measure positive perfectionism was the Questionnaire on Orderliness [Q3 factor: Perfectionism] on a sample of 101 participants, both parents and children, whereas the instrument we used for competitiveness was the Competitiveness Scale Questionnaire [HICs] on a sample of 51 subjects, consisting only of fourth graders. The obtained data were organized in Excel spreadsheets based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, in order to establish the connection between the variables. The main result of this research is that the subjects focus on quantitative results and on developing strategies to get higher grades, rather than on an efficient learning process. This study has opened up numerous research opportunities on the topic of perfectionism in the young schoolchildren.

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HRŽICA, G., KUVAČ KRALJEVIĆ, J., & ŠTEFANEC, V. (2022). ČESTOTNI RJEČNIK HRVATSKOGA DJEČJEG JEZIKA: MORFOLOŠKI I RAZVOJNI OBLICI

Author(s): Sara Košutar / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Hržica, G., Kuvač Kraljević, J., & Štefanec, V. (2022). Čestotni Rječnik Hrvatskoga Dječjeg Jezika: Morfološki i Razvojni Oblici. [Frequency Dictionary of the Croatian Child Language: Morphological and Developmental Forms]. Zagreb: Naklada Slap.

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Fremdbegegnungen und Alteritätserfahrungen in psychologischen Adoleszenzromanen

Author(s): Ksenia Kuzminykh / Language(s): German Issue: 31/2022

In intercultural literary studies, alterity is both a formal and thematical concept. The formal aspect entails the aesthetic qualities of the text, whereas the thematic aspect encompasses everyday, structural, extraordinary, or radical facets of the Alien. This paper offers a close-reading analysis of the portrayal of alterity and its multidimensional character on the example of selected figures from contemporary German-language children’s and youth literature. In addition to that, the paper shows how specific characters critically reflect upon their own defamatory prejudice and transform it into transcultural understanding.

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Ако ти самият не приемеш различието, не се идентифицираш с него, не го интегрираш в представата за себе си, тогава ще страдаш много

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Ако ти самият не приемеш различието, не се идентифицираш с него, не го интегрираш в представата за себе си, тогава ще страдаш много

Author(s): Vladimir Sotirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 55/2021

Interviews by Galina Goncharova with:Dr. Vladimir Sotirov, psychiatrist, member of the Bulgarian Psychiatric Association, former president of the Sofia Psychiatric Society, co-founder and Director of the Mental Health Centre ‘Adaptacia’.

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Factors Favorable for the Learned Optimism in Preadolescence

Author(s): Dumitrina Gazzi,Bianca Pitiruț / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Prior research suggested that the learned optimistic explanatory style is positively associated with greater satisfaction in interpersonal relationships, a more effective approach of life stressors, better physical health and work productivity, less vulnerability to depression and also higher academic and athletic performances. Our research deals with how are learned optimism and learned pessimism predicted by academic, social and emotional self-efficacy, perceived autonomy-based parenting style, perceived control-based parenting style and proactive coping. Participants were 760 students (467 girls) - 12-year-old (20.5%), 13-year-old (31.8%) and 14-year-old (47.6%) – who voluntarily participated. They answered the questionnaires with which the research variables were operationalized. The present study contributes with its large number of participants to an overview of the factors that predict learned optimism and learned pessimism. Results indicated the importance of social self-efficacy, proactive coping and perceived control-based parental support in predicting learned optimism. Also, this paper shows that high learned pessimism coincides with high levels of difficult family situation (e.g. single-parent family) and reduced strength of social self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy, proactive coping and perceived control-based parental support. Important implications of this empirical research should be considered by social emotional learning programs for students, parents and teachers.

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