Kognitivna obrada alomorfije u srpskom jeziku

Author(s): Tamara Jovanović,Dušica Filipović-Đurđević,Petar Milin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2008

In this work, we explored cognitive status of suffix allomorphy of the masculine nouns in instrumental singular in Serbian language (eg. mišom-mišem; pužom-pužem). Allomorphy represents distinct variations in form of the morpheme which does not influence it’s function and meaning (cf. Lyons, 1968). Despite it’s frequent appearance in speech and language production, it has rarely been a subject of psycholinguistic explorations. First goal of this research was to determine whether the cognitive processing of allomorphic nouns has it’s specificities and second goal was to create the base for making and testing hypothesis regarding morphological and/or phonological factors that influence suffix alternation in forming of instrumental singular of masculine nouns. We conducted visual lexical decision experiment and applied a questionnaire created for the needs of investigating allomorphy in language production. Results showed that at least two processes influence cognitive processing of masculine nouns in instrumental singular: (a) certain morpho-phonological restrictions that influence appearance of the suffix –em, and (b) allomorphy - variations in suffix in instrumental singular. In addition, the findings indicate that allomorphy could be the consequence of the tendency to use more frequent suffix (-om), that eases the processing, and blocks the influence of the morpho-phonological restrictions.

Valence framing of political preferences and resistance to persuasion

Author(s): Iris Žeželj,Milan Škorić,Slaven Bogdanović,Dejan Hristić,Dušan Stokić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2007

This study tested the "valence framing effect": an assumption that negatively conceptualized attitudes (as opposing the non-preferred alternative) are more resistant to later persuasion attempts. In the experiment we created choice between two political candidates and experimental subjects were led to conceptualize their political preferences in one of two possible ways: either as supporting the preferred candidate or as opposing the non-preferred candidate. The data indicate that negative preferences show less overall change when exposed to counterarguments. This finding can be incorporated in two theoretical frameworks: dual process theories of attitude change (Elaboration likelihood model) and descriptive decision making theories (Prospect theory). Results are discussed for their implications for the efficacy of political communication.

Yilan, Su, Söz: Kadin Düşmanliği İle Belirsizlik Korkusu Arasindaki İlişkiye Dair Bir Yorum Denemesi

Author(s): S. Yetkin Işık / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 93/2018

In this article, the relation between fear of the uncertainty and misogyny, the roots of which are rooted over thousands of years and continue to exist today as in every age, are discussed. The history of culture and civilization is the history of humankind controlling uncertainties by setting down boundaries and rules for themselves. Since the oldest states, where potency became abstract and institutional, potency and man have become identical. It is seen in myths and rituals, which are circulated as the instruments of legitimization of power, man is related with potency and social order whereas woman is encoded as a threat to the order, thus a potential danger. The representation of woman as disorderly and eerie in mythical and religious speeches reveals that misogyny has deeper roots, rather than being just a sexist and a moralistic reaction. Misogyny that we face today is the socio-psychological remnant of the primordial fear of uncertainty and the patriarchal domination that has lasted for thousands of years with its historical, imaginary and logical ties. These relationships can be shown via metaphoric, allegoric or symbolic items in the myths, fairy tales, practices of name giving. Water is often associated with women as the main metaphor of uncertainty due to its fluidity. Snakes, saying and some other symbols, which are occasionally encountered as metaphors for the woman, are the words that symbolize the danger, the fear of uncertainty.

Men are Stronger; Women Endure: A Critical Analysis of the Throne of Glass and the Mortal Instruments Ya Fantasy Series

Author(s): Katherine Cruger / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2017

This study analyzes two popular YA fantasy series: Cassandra Clare’s The Mortal Instruments and Sarah J. Maas’ Throne of Glass. We evaluate both series for explore tropes and themes common to YA fantasty. Research shows that popular series have importat effect on identity formation of readers, for good or ill. We conclude that, despite often being written by women and about girls, the narratives found in YA often perpetuate internalized sexism, play into racist tropes, reduce heroines to love interests, romanticize unhealthy relationships, use rape as a plot device, and abuse characters’ reproductive abilities.

Kognitivna obrada prideva

Author(s): Dušica Filipović-Đurđević,Aleksandar Kostić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2003

Processing of inflected Serbian verbs was investigated in two lexical decision experiments. Specifically, the following issues were addressed: a. does the adjectival system contain syntactic functions and meanings, and b. are adjectival gender and case cognitively relevant properties. Each of the above issues could be expressed in terms of alternative equations that generate the amount of information carried by inflected form of an adjective. The informational values were correlated with mean reaction time to inflected adjectival forms. The outcome of the two experiments indicated that number of syntactic functions/meanings is the obligatory term in the equation that generates the amount of information carried by an adjectival inflected form. However, unlike nouns, where the amount information was specified in terms of ratio between a. sum of frequencies of inflected cases encompassed by a given inflected form and b. sum of its functions/ meanings, equation for adjectives includes sum of frequency by number of syntactic functions/meanings ratios for cases encompassed by a given inflected adjectival form. This, on the other hand, suggests that cognitive system when processing inflected adjectives is to some extent sensitive to adjectival case. It was also demonstrated that cognitive system is not sensitive to adjective gender.

Processing of verb tense

Author(s): Aleksandar Kostić,Jelena Havelka / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2002

Processing of Serbian inflected verbs was investigated in two lexical decision experiments. In the first experiment subjects were presented with five forms of future tense, while in the second experiment the same verbs were presented in three forms of present and future tense. The outcome of the first experiment indicates that processing of inflected verb is determined by the amount of information derived from the average probability per congruent personal pronoun of a particular verb form. This implies that the cognitive system is not sensitive to verb person per se, nor to the gender of congruent personal pronoun. Results of the second experiment show that for verb forms of different tenses, presented in the same experiment, the amount of information has to be additionally modulated by tense probability. Such an outcome speaks in favor of cognitive relevance of verb tense.

Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej "Oko w oko z... nauronauką"

Author(s): Marlena Stradomska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2017

Ergenlerin Sosyal Görünüş Kaygisi Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi (Kırıkkale İli Örneği)

Author(s): Yusuf Soylu,Fatih Atik,Mehmet Öçalan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: S1/2017

This research was carried out on 335 students (170 males and 165 females) in Anatolian High School, Science High School and Sports High School in Kırıkkale. The aim of the study was to compare the social appearance anxiety levels according to gender, age, school and sporting / non-sporting variables of adolescents who did and did not perform sports. The research method was the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SSI) scale. Hart et al. (2008) developed a self-report style measure designed to measure the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral anxieties experienced by an individual about appearance. The Turkish adaptation study of the scale was carried out by Doğan (2010). The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale is a measure of 16 items. High scores from the social anxiety scale, which measures social anxiety in one dimension, indicate that the anxiety of appearance is high. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of your scale was .86 In the study, it was determined that the social appearance anxiety levels of adolescents did not show any significant difference according to age variable. It is seen that there is a significant difference according to the variables of the adolescents, gender, school and sporting/not doing.

Słowo gra znaczy świat. Przestrzeń gry wideo w kognitywnej teorii narracji

Author(s): Krzysztof M. Maj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Maj outlines the main concepts of post-classical (cognitive and trans-medial) narrative theory (especially storyworld) in order to reintegrate the category of fiction and the fictional world into video game research. This integration of questions of mimeticism,representation (and its realism) or the intensity of the reception goes hand in hand with a discussion on Lisbeth Klastrup’s notion of ‘a world’s worldness’ as well as the history of theoretical and narratological concepts of perceiving the world, world-building and inhabiting fictional worlds. In the final part Maj draws on Tadeusz Sławek’s oikological reflections to explore the increasingly frequent occurrence of houses and the inhabitation of virtual space in world-building video games – a phenomenon that suggests that a literary theory offers an apt perspective to tackle the most recent problems in games studies.

Mówi we mnie Się

Author(s): Marta M. Kania / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Kania undertakes a close playing of Sunset (Tale of Tales, 2015), focusing on the relationship between the player, who perceives the avatar as herself, and the soliloquizing protagonist. Drawing on Heidegger’s notions of the ‘They’ and ‘distantiality’, Kania demonstrates in what way the player’s perceptual situatedness with regard to the avatar determines her aesthetic experience of the gameworld. The distantiality that emerges between the player and the protagonist becomes visible in two areas, namely when the player experiences the avatar to be a protagonist, soliloquizing and defining herself through her own gaze, and when the player experiences the avatar as the ‘They,’ with the protagonist’s behaviour determining the player’s position and becoming an expression of a depersonalized opinion and a form of pressure.

„[…] nawet zabić się nie mogę, bo chcę widzieć”. O spojrzeniu przez Łzy

Author(s): Beata Łazarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

Reading Grzegorz Strumyk’s novel Łzy [Tears], Łazarz examines the relationship between the words and images that are called up in the reader’s imagination. Reading the novel as an account of the difficult journey towards seeing, Łazarz describes how it traces a path towards a new recognition of suppressed images and towards expressing those images with words; this expression allows further images to emerge, along with their related emotions. The goal of the images that Strumyk creates is not so much a realistic description of the world but a rendering of the protagonists’ emotions and experiences – conscious and unconscious. Łazarz pays particular attention to the analysis of Strumyk’s symbolic use of shapes and colours.

Mit racjonalnego łotra. Statystyka i psychologia kontra ekonomiczna analiza prawa

Author(s): Radosław Zyzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2018

The aim of the paper is to critically assess the economic decision making model in criminal law from the perspective of empirical legal studies and behavioral analysis of law. In the second half of the XX century the economic theory of punishment had dominant influence on criminal law policy in US. At the beginning of XXI century numerous statistical studies have shown limited effectiveness of the economic approach and harmful effects of the large number of prisoners currently being incarcerated. Therefore the new model of decision-making in criminal law was needed. Psychologists, behavioral economists and proponents of behavioral analysis of law were able to identify factors influencing decisions of criminals including hyperbolic discounting, optimism bias and affective forecasting.

Konserwatyzm i problem jego rozpoznawalności w dyskursie publicznym

Author(s): Jerzy Stachowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

This paper presents an analysis of the Polish language version of the Paris Statement “The Europe We Can Believe In.” According to the authors of the Statement, the document is meant to be an expression of their concern about the current state of European politics, culture, society. They also articulated their attachment to and affirmation of the so-called true Europe. The analysis shows that what the Statement is expected to do is not only a declared affirmation of the true Europe but above all a confirmation of its own conservative character. The main part of this paper is devoted to the discussion on the later issue. In order to do so four formal aspects of the rhetorical organization of the Statement are discussed. The paper ends with several comments about a possible re-specification of traditions in the field of political culture as traditions of the forms of public discursive actions.

SOCIODEMOGRAFSKI I DRUGI KORELATI TERMINALNIH VRIJEDNOSTI STUDENATA SOCIJALNE PEDAGOGIJE

Author(s): Amila Kadić,Mersiha Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 16/2018

The research included a suitable sample of students at the Department of Social Pedagogy in Zenica (N= 81), who completed a short socio-demographic survey and a Rokeach's Terminal Values Survey. Terminal values represent the goals of human existence, among which the following values might be distinguished: individual, collective, humane, and altruistic. Bearing in mind practical implications of knowing the values as such, the values which represent sources and guides for attitudes and behavior, and which have been shown to correlate significantly with numerous variables (cognitive functioning, free time, risk behavior, addiction), we considered it important to examine the most prominent terminal values among our students, and compare the results to the results of the available studies involving comparable groups of participants. Based on the findings, we derived six subscales of grouped terminal values: social harmony, self-actualization, personal gratification, security, love and affection, and personal satisfaction. Only the personal gratification variable showed normal distribution, while all other were negatively asymmetric, indicating, thus, an insufficient discrimination of Rokeach’s Terminal Values Scale. Generally, the participants deemed all terminal values significant. In the overall sample, the lowest ranked individual terminal values were exciting life, the world of beauty and money, while the highest ranked were family security, self-esteem, and personal happiness. The gender variable was statistically significantly correlated with the subscale of personal gratification. A Mann-Whitney’s test showed that personal gratification, measured by the items of comfortable life, exciting life, satisfaction and social recognition, statistically significantly correlated with the gender variable (U=237, p<0.01), so that the female participants considered these items more important (median 4.2) than the male participants (3.8). The birthplace was significantly positively correlated with wisdom evaluation (U=556; p<0.05), as well as the evaluation of freedom in non-cigarette consumers compared to their colleagues who consumed them regularly or occasionally (χ2=8.77, p=0.012).

The Effects of Transformational Leadership and Emotional Intelligence of Managers on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of Employees

Author(s): Ferit Ölçer,Margareta Stela Florescu,Marian Năstase / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

In today’s turbulent environment, organizations needed leaders who were not only emotionally intelligent but those who had ability to imbibe such values in their followers that were helpful both for service climate and followers themselves. Existing literature suggested that Transformational Leadership (TL) and leader’s Emotional Intelligence (EI) were likely to enhance Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in followers and significant predictors of OCBs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of TL and EI of managers on the dimensions of OCB employees display in manufacturing industry. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 60 dyads of employees and their supervisors (i.e., 120 respondents) in one large manufacturing company. SPSS was used for analyzing the data. In this study, separate regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of TL and EI of managers on the dimensions of OCB. The results indicated that EI of managers had significant positive effects on OCB dimensions of altruism, courtesy, conscientiousness, and civic virtue, but TL had no effects on the dimensions of OCB.

Pojmowanie czasu i jego struktura w kulturach wielkiego stepu na przykładzie Mongołów w XIII wieku

Author(s): Adam Lubocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Article relates to the perception of time by the nomadic peoples of the Great Steppe on the example of the Mongols. The basis are sources originated in the 13th century, mainly descriptions of Europeans’ trips to the Far East. Chronological studies show, that Mongols had undoubtedly periodical conception of time. I consider, whether the time was important for nomadic tribes.

Managing the Transition Process of Students from Junior High-School to High-School

Author(s): Yusef Eman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Transitions from primary school to high school is also considered to be a key milestone, while experiencing adolescence, children undergo more developmental changes include physical, cognitive, emotional and psychological changes. During the course of their studies all students experience transitions between schools. The focus of my paper is the transition process and the management of this period by involving all the relevant stakeholders in the process of students’ transition from Junior High School to High School. I have focused my research on different factors involving this transition and the challenges that students and professors have to cope with.

The Implications of Information and Communication Technology and of Emotional Intelligence within Organizations

Author(s): Aurelia Stanescu,Florea Pîrvu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

Lately people say more and more about emotional intelligence, about knowledge based economy, about intangible assets and intellectual capital. The permanent improvement of the knowledge supply will be decisive for reaching the success. But only the creation of the networks of knowledge dissemination will not automatically generate the intended results. Organizational change represents one of the most interesting themes concerning organizational behavior analysis, and approaching this topic implies discussing the transformations that are taking place in society, or, specifically, in organizations. Another topic worth treating is the aspect of emotional intelligence, so necessary for individual success, but also for the organizational one.

OSOBINE LIČNOSTI I ZADOVOLJSTVO ŽIVOTOM KOD ADOLESCENATA. MEDIJATORSKA ULOGA OBITELJSKE PRILAGODLJIVOSTI I KOHEZIVNOSTI

Author(s): Đenita Tuce,Indira Fako,Enedina Hasanbegović-Anić,Sabina Alispahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this paper was to examine the potential mediation effect of perceived family adaptability and cohesion on the relationship between personality traits and satisfaction with life in adolescents. The research sample consisted of 425 participants (200 female and 225 male, with average age M=18 (SD=.72). The following instruments were applied: Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, Big Five Personality Factors Self-reported Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results of regression analyses indicated that personality traits and family adaptability and cohesion account for 48% of total variance of satisfaction with life in adolescents. It was found that neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience and perception of family adaptability and cohesion are significant predictors of satisfaction with life. A significant predictor of satisfaction with life is also conscientiousness, but only in the model without mediator. Conducted mediation analyses indicate that extraversion and openness to experience affect the satisfaction with life only directly, and conscientiousness only indirectly, through family adaptability and cohesion. For the dimensions neuroticism and agreeableness, however, both direct and indirect effects were significant. The results of this study clearly indicate the importance of perceived family interactions in explaining effects of big five personality traits on satisfaction with life in adolescents and considerably expand the existing empirical data in this area of research.

Prevention of Postural Deficiencies for Children from the 3rd to the 4th Grade with the Help of Specific Resources in Sports

Author(s): Mihai Panait,Anamaria GHERGHEL,Corina Țifrea / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2018

What it is about: The fundamental argument for placing movement in an educational context lies in the strong links that are developed alongside the major biological functions with psychological processes and especially with cognitive ones. Motric activity sustains life; it is a means of survival, of adapting the human being to the environment and a factor contributing to cultural, social and economic progress. What we propose: • Detection of postural deficiencies in children from the 3rd to the 4th grade through screening in schools. • The early detection of postural deficiencies and the creation of a prevention program in order to improve the postural attitude of the person and their successful integration into the labour market in the long-term. The research method is experimental, which is a multilateral system of reality knowledge using “experimental reasoning, which processes facts from observations and experiment”. Who would benefit and in what ways: The students in the research will benefit from a postural evaluation made with specialized equipment, which is impossible in schools at the moment due to a lack of means to appreciate the postural attitude in medical clinics. Conclusions: The postural deficiencies in children, found and not treated at the right moment, are the main reasons for the deformations in adult age, which affect the economical and social output of a large part of the active citizens.