„Áldott népem, Egyiptom…”

Ézsaiás 19,16-25 és az ószövetségi univerzalizmus problémái

Author(s): Csaba Balogh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2012

Isaiah 19,16-25 is an intriguing text in the Old Testament with a generous view on non-Israelite nations. The open-hearted universalism of this passage is often brought in connection with the eschatological expectations of the Israelite community in the Persian or Hellenistic periods. However, a closer analysis of some particular details of this text (vv. 18, 19 and 23) reveals that the picture of the future in Isa 19,16-25 is more deeply rooted in (pre-exilic) history than previously thought. This view of the future, expressed in thoroughly historical terms, shows profound awareness of the Assyrian view of the world. YHWH, the God of Israel, exerts his dominion in an indirect manner, by means of the great power of the prophet’s era, Assyria, the creation of YHWH’s hands (v. 25), to whom Egypt with all other nations is subdued (v. 23). The text has close connections with the history of the 7th century B.C., especially the era of King Manasseh of Judah, who—to believe the testimony of non-biblical texts—was actively engaged in shaping the co-ordinates and defining the power zones of a world under Assyrian control.

„És a halottak újra énekelnek...”

Beszélgetés Elek Judit filmrendezővel Esikovits Miksa kalandos sorsú haszid gyûjtéséről

Author(s): Katalin Dorogi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2017

„So kommen die Juden in Europe zurück“. Antworten auf den Holocaust in der Lyrik polnischer Juden 1941–1948

Author(s): Magdalena Ruta / Language(s): German Issue: 13/2015

The article examines Yiddish-Polish writers’ response to the Holocaust in their poetry written in the years 1941-1948 and published in Poland in the early postwar years, when the country enjoyed relative political freedom. Special attention is given to a highly interesting theme appearing in the wartime lyrics written by Jewish survivors in the East (like B. Heller, H. Rubin, R. Żhikhlinsky, A. Zak), i.e. their call to arms addressed to the Jews living in Nazi-occupied Poland. The refugees could not bear the thought that whole masses of Jews died without putting up a fight in the ghettoes and camps in the West. It was probably this helplessness that evolved into their poetic appeal addressed to their ghettoized brethren, their call for resistance and punishment of the Nazi German murderers. Interestingly, the works of some writers who survived in the ghettos (such as Y. Shpigl, Y. Katsenelson and others), prove that ghettoized Jews who were tormented by the “docile death” complex also dreamed about being involved in an armed struggle against the Nazi Germans, but were aware of their weakness in the face of a much stronger enemy. Immediately after the war, this discrepancy of experience and knowledge led to a serious lack of understanding between those Jews who had survived in Poland and those who had survived in the East. The article examines these difference of experiences as it is reflected in the poetry.

„STARAJCIE SIĘ O DOBRE IMIĘ, O SPOKOJNOŚĆ SUMIENIA” – TESTAMENT TEKLI KRONENBERG

Author(s): Anna Dybała-Pacholak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2018

The main goal of publishing this source is to make available a document of the type that remains unexplored and unrecognized, especially within the field of Jewish studies. The nineteenth-century testament of Tekla Kronenberg deepens our knowledge about the Kronenberg family in general and its female members in particular. In notary deeds we find primarily male testaments. It is therefore relevant to publicize a female testament which may prove helpful in historical research on women. It is possible to examine this document from various perspectives, such as the value of charity, the attitude toward converts, the extent of social bonds (what things were left and to whom? were inheritors mainly male, or female?). In addition, an analysis of the means of expressing emotions regarding particular persons mentioned in the testament enables us to make a quality assessment of family bonds. As a result, it sheds new light on a Jewish family’s life.

„Sulle palme ti ho scolpito…” L’uso di Isaia 49,16a nel 2 Baruch 4,2.

Author(s): Jolanta Judyta Pudełko / Language(s): English,Italian Issue: 61/2/2014

The interpretation of the biblical books started already in the Bible itself, in which one can easily notice the plethora of quotations, allusions to and echoes of other biblical texts. This study analyzes theQUOTATION of Isaiah 49:16a found in the apocryphal Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch. By analyzing the immediate context of this verse in the Book of Isaiah, its form and historical background, the meaning of the text within its original context is reveled. Then a similar analysis applies to the form and the historical context of this verse within its new context, namely in 2 Baruch 4:2. The confrontation yields a significant number of possible interpretations and applications of this Isaianic text within its new context.

„Țâța creștinelor nu e pentru prunci evrei”: segregarea forței de muncă în Iași (1867-1870)

Author(s): Mihai Chiper / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 9/2017

The situation of the Romanian servants employed by Jews represented a problematic issue of antisemitism in the second half of the 19th century. The hierarchy master-servant reflected a standpoint about the position that the Jews were meant to have in society. The present paper approaches the legislative resources relating to the segregation of the labour force according to ethnic criteria, under the influence of the economic nationalism ideas embraced by the Romanian bourgeoisie and by the local authorities of Iași. The most reprehensible category was considered to be that of the women in the service of Jews as wet nurses, a case with a wider religious and cultural substratum. First the Orthodox clergy, then the local authorities estimated that the Jewish cultural borrowings and the wet nurses’ living in the Israeli communities represented a risk of losing traditions and religion, as well as a means of denatio-nalisation. The situation highlights the essential contribution that the xenophobic metaphoric imagination played in the mid-19th century – the projection of nation as a family, and particularly as a mother, while the “breast of mother-country” was an obsessively used phrase in the Romanian patriotic, cultural, poetic and political discourse. Politically speaking, in the eyes of the anti-Semites, the breastfeeding of Jewish babies by Romanian wet nurses was comparable to an act of ethnic disloyalty, with subversive outcomes upon the national project.

„To było między pierwszą a drugą”. Zabójstwo Róży Berger podczas pogromu w Krakowie 11 sierpnia 1945 r.

Author(s): Łukasz Krzyżanowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2019

Róża Berger is the only confirmed casualty of the Krakow pogrom, which took place on 11 August 1945. The woman died in her own apartment at Wolnica Street 4. The press did report on her death, but the exact circumstances of the crime remain unknown. New light on those events has been shed by a folder containing files of the investigation launched in August 1945 against Citizens’ Militia officer from MO Station II in Krakow. These documents not only provide detailed information about the circumstances of Róża Berger’s death, but also make it possible to reconstruct the atmosphere of the pogrom conducted in the vicinity of the building where the murder was committed. Supplemented with information from archival files, the documentation discovered also makes it possible to paint a group portrait of MO policemen from a station located 80 kilometers from the crime scene.

„To nie była Ameryka”. Z Michaelem Charlesem Steinlaufem rozmawia Elżbieta Janicka (Warszawa – Nowy Jork – Warszawa, 2014–2015)

Author(s): Elżbieta Janicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3-4/2015

Born in Paris in 1947, Michael Charles Steinlauf talks about his childhood in New York City, in the south of Brooklyn (Brighton Beach), in a milieu of Polish Jewish Holocaust survivors. His later experiences were largely associated with American counterculture, the New Left, an anti-war and antiracist student movement of the 1960s (Students for a Democratic Society, SDS) as well as the anticapitalist underground of the 1970s (“Sunfighter”, “No Separate Peace”). In the 1980s, having undertaken Judaic Studies at Brandeis University, Steinlauf arrived in Poland, where he became part of the democratic opposition circles centred around the Jewish Flying University (Żydowski Uniwersytet Latający, ŻUL). In the independent Third Republic of Poland, he contributed to the creation of the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw. Michael C. Steinlauf’s research interests focus on the work of Mark Arnshteyn (Andrzej Marek) and of Yitskhok Leybush Peretz, Yiddish theatre as well as Polish narratives of the Holocaust. The latter were the subject of his monograph Bondage to the dead: Poland and the memory of the Holocaust (1997, Polish edition 2001 as Pamięć nieprzyswojona. Polska pamięć Zagłady). An important topic of the conversation is the dispute concerning the categories used to describe the Holocaust, including the conceptualisation of Polish majority experience of the Holocaust as a collective trauma. Controversies also arise in connection with the contemporary phenomena popularly conceptualised as the “revival of Jewish culture in Poland” and “Polish–Jewish dialogue.” Another subject of the conversation is Michał Sztajnlauf (1940–1942), Michael C. Steinlauf’s stepbrother. The fate of the brothers was introduced into the canon of Polish culture by Hanna Krall’s short story Dybuk (1995, English edition 2005 as The Dybbuk) and its eponymous stage adaptation by Krzysztof Warlikowski (2003). Looking beyond artistic convention, the interlocutors try to learn more about Michał himself. This is the first time the readers have an opportunity to see his photographs from the Warsaw Ghetto. The conversation is illustrated with numerous archival materials from periods before and after World War Two as well as from German-occupied Poland.

„To nie jest poezja w całym słowa tego znaczeniu”. Pieśni żałobne getta Izabeli Gelbard

Author(s): Sylwia Karolak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2018

The main purpose of this article is to analyse the reception of Izabela Glebard’s (Czajka-Stachowicz’s) works, with particular emphasis on her only book of poety Pieśni żałobne getta. At first Gelbard intentionally chooses poetry, but after the experience of World War II, she leaves it completely and replaces by prose. The root cause of this state of affairs is the war trauma. Very important is also the critical attitude of the writer to her poems. These works have not been appreciated by literary critics who treat them as a document and testimony rather than a valuable poetry. It seems that the Gelbard poems, like all her works, are waiting for a new, contextual reading.

„TO WAS TUTAJ TAK STRASZNIE BIJĄ? […] NIE, NAS NIE. TYLKO ŻYDÓW”: ŻYDZI W OBOZIE NA MAJDANKU W ŚWIETLE RELACJI POLSKICH WIĘŹNIÓW

Author(s): Marta Grudzińska,Marta Kubiszyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2018

The article draws on a source material from The State Museum Majdanek Archives, a collection of video testimonies recorded in 1987–1989, to develop a fuller picture of social relations among prisoners of different ethnic backgrounds at the Majdanek Concentration Camp. From the fall of 1941 through July 1944, Majdanek functioned as a killing center and a concentration camp for about 150,000 prisoners from different European countries. Drawing on video testimonies as a type of oral history, the article traces the perception of Jews in the camp by Polish prisoners, their social interactions, and the interethnic social boundaries shaped by camp life.

„Trzeba mu jedną posłać, bo jakiś złotnik czy też kanadziarz”. Sprawa strażnika Stałej Ochrony Obozu Oświęcimskiego

Author(s): Piotr Trojański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2015

The text discusses the court 􀏐iles of the trial of an Oświęcim Camp Security guard, who in 1946, while on duty, shot an individual suspected of profaning remains of victims of the Auschwitz camp. This case remains the only known and such well documented instance of a killing of a ‘Canada man’ (Kanadziarz) by an employee of the Auschwitz Museum. The documents were produced by the Magistrate’s Court in Oświęcim, the Regional Court in Wadowice, and the Appellate Court in Cracow, where the security guard stood trial. The procedural materials, which include reports on interviews with witnesses and the defendant, the sentences passed by the two instances and their interpretations, and the appeals, are stored in the Archive of the Cracow Branch of the Institute of National Remembrance. They show how the territory of the former camp in Auschwitz was protected during the 􀏐irst years after its liberation. Moreover, they are a valuable source when it comes to research on profanation of remains of victims of the Holocaust and the former concentration camps.

„Túl kell éljem ezt a borzalmat, hogy a poklok poklát túlélô elmesélje”– gondolatok az európaiságról a soá egy „hivatásos mesélôvé” lett túlélôje ...

Author(s): Júlia Vajda / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2012

Elbeszélônk 1920-ban született egy Budapesttôl nem messze fekvô kisvárosban. Apja, aki ugyan a család szegénysége okán a 8 gyerek közül legnagyobbként egyedül nem tanulhatott, mire gyerekei a húszas évek elején megszülettek – Panninak két iker húga van – komoly egzisztenciát teremtett: jól menô fa- és építôanyag kereskedése van, s gyerekeit, a polgári iskola elvégzése után egy bécsi magánintézetbe küldi tanulni.

„UND SALOMO HAT IHM EIN HAUS GEBAUT“ (APG 7,47): KONZEPTE VOM WOHNEN GOTTES IM LUKANISCHEN DOPPELWERK

Author(s): Heike Hötzinger / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

This article examines concepts of places of God’s presence in Luke-Acts. As Luke-Acts aims the narration of the proclamation of the gospel with its roots in God’s history with Israel “to the end of the earth” (Luke 2:30-32; Acts 1,8) geographical and religious boundaries are crossed. Therefore questions about religious identity arise constantly as e.g. the reflection about the significance of the temple as God’s place. So the Gospel of Luke presents the temple on the one hand side as a place of God’s presence and thus as a centre of religious identity, on the other hand side as a place of struggling for religious identity. Acts also draws this two-sided picture and shows alternative concepts of God’s dwelling that base in God’s being. For example Acts 6:1-8:3, that marks the threshold to the proclamation outside of Jerusalem, pleads a relativisation of the significance of the temple and at the same time God’s universal presence, particularly mediated by the Son of Men Jesus exalted at God’s right hand side in heaven.

„W imię naglących potrzeb literatury narodowej”. Tłumaczenie i żydowski nacjonalizm kulturowy w Europie Wschodniej

Author(s): Kenneth Moss / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2014

This essay examines the rhetoric and practice of translation in the Russian Empire’s Hebrew and Yiddish cultural communities and focuses on the intriguing fact that by 1917, many of the writers, critics, intellectuals, and publishers committed to a Jewish nationalist vision of Hebrew or Yiddish cultural renaissance were convinced that a massive program of literary translation was their most essential task. The study reconstructs the guiding translation program of this divided intelligentsia, which posited a universal canon of European and even world literature that had to be incorporated whole into Hebrew and Yiddish literature systematically and rapidly, without any sort of Judaization or popularization, and with an emphasis on the expansion of the expressive capacities of the target language and its writers. The essay traces how this commitment was expressed and embodied in translation theory, practices of selection and publishing, and in several acts of translation themselves. It further demonstrates how this translation program and its practices were linked to a larger vision of programmatic ‘de-Judaization’ or ‘de-parochialization’ of Hebrew and Yiddish culture propounded by some of the most committed Hebraists and Yiddishists in Russia. Finally, it argues that this translation program expresses a more general and seemingly paradoxical variant of East European Jewish cultural nationalism which held that a modern Jewish national culture could only be truly worthwhile and compelling to modern creators and consumers if it was universal in its expressive potentials and demarcated from other national cultures by language rather than content.

„Wojna u bram” Szełomo ben Aharona z Poswola (polski przekład „Wstępu”)

Author(s): Sebastian Kubicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2016

The article presents a Polish translation of the Introduction to War at the Gates (hebr. לחם שערים) Shelomo ben Aharon of Poswol, a Karaite learned man and cleric from the late 17th and early 18th century, better known as the author of a text entitled Uczynił sobie lektykę (Hebr. אפריון עשה לו). The author of the article briefly described the whole text (presenting a Karaite halakha in respect of the differences compared to the Rabbinic halakha – this is the main part of the work, written in the responsa style), rather than the poetic Introduction alone, although this is the part that received an in-depth analysis. In addition to that, the article contains a brief biographic and intellectual portrayal of the author of both these treatises.

„Zaczęłam filozofować, rozmyślać, szukać odpowiedzi na dręczące mnie kwestie”. Wspomnienia Edwardy (Etli) Bomsztyk: biografia, emancypacja, polityka

Author(s): Piotr Laskowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2017

This paper presents three autobiographical accounts by Etla (Edwarda) Bomsztyk (1899–1973), a Jewish house maid. Two of these unique testimonies (one published in Yiddish in 1959, the other recorded in Polish in 1966) focus on Bomsztyk’s political activity. This activity encompasses organizing domestic servants into unions in Warsaw in the 1920s, membership in the Bund and the Communist Party of Poland, and political imprisonment. The third account, written in Polish in 1953 and never before published, sits outside any institutional context. This consists in a personal narration on childhood in a small-town Jewish family, migration to Warsaw, poverty and suffering, first readings, loneliness and revolt. The aim of this paper is to reveal the tension that exists between these three texts. That is, between two accounts of political militancy on the one hand, and with early experiences that, though a prerequisite for Bomsztyk’s later political engagement, nevertheless could not be fully articulated within communist party discourse.

„Zbudź się, Żydówko”

Author(s): Agnieszka Dauksza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 752/2018

„Żegota. Ukryta pomoc” – o Radzie Pomocy Żydom w Muzeum Historycznym Miasta Krakowa

Author(s): Dagmara Swałtek-Niewińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2018

Od 15 listopada 2017 do 8 lipca 2018 r. można było oglądać w Krakowie wystawę zatytułowaną „Żegota. Ukryta pomoc”. Tymczasowa ekspozycja została zaprezentowana w Fabryce Emalia Oskara Schindlera – Oddziale Muzeum Historycznego Miasta Krakowa (MHK). Głównym kuratorem wystawy był Bartosz Heksel, asystowała mu Katarzyna Kocik. Wystawie towarzyszyła książka pod tym samym tytułem, napisana przez twórców ekspozycji, opatrzona wstępem Janiny Altman (z domu Hescheles).

„Zsidó köztársaság”; Versek

Author(s): Dezső Kosztolányi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2010

„Zsidó köztársaság” (Cikk a Balfour-nyilatkozatról) A hervadt nyelv költôje; A serleg; Sárga alkony; Egy csepp tinta (mûfordítások héber költôktôl)

„Zsidómentesen, újjászületve…” Őrségváltás a magyar labdarúgásban 1939–1944

Author(s): Béla Sarusi Kiss,Péter Szegedi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2004

Béla Sarusi Kiss and Péter Szegedi’s article “without Jews, reborn...” describes how Jews were excluded from football, Hungary’s most popular sport.