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The author compares the references to the Jewish prayer El Male Rachamim (Hebrew for ‘God Full of Mercy’): El Male Rachmim by Wiktor Gomulicki, Julian Tuwim’s Ghetto from Notatnik poetycki and a post-war drawing by Bronisław Linke El male rachmim. There are intertext, intersemiotic and interpersonal relations happening between them (Tuwim included Gomulicki’s work in Księga wierszy polskich XIX wieku [A Book of Polish Verses of the 19th Century]; Linke illustrated Bal w Operze [Ball at the Opera]; a note in Ghetto announces text My, Żydzi polscy [We, Polish Jews]). What is happening with the motif wandering through cultural and character codes? Does the turning point of the Extinction indeed change it?
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“Chwila” was one of the most prominent Jewish dailies published in Lwów in inter-war Poland. The “Dodatek Ilustrowany” supplement, issued in the first half of the 1930s, showed a number of interesting photographs featuring a great variety of themes. The presented article deals with a part of that collection – photographs of Jewish themes, including assorted street scenes and numerous likenesses of the Jewish district in Lwów. The authors were predominantly almost totally unknown local photographers, whose majority died during the Second World War. Apart from an analysis of the photographs and conclusions drawn from them, the article contains information about the authors, successfully collected despite considerable gaps in archival documentation concerning the titular theme.
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An attempt at deliberation on representations of female bodies in the prose, drawings, and graphic work by Bruno Schulz. The centre of interest is occupied by Adela, the lead protagonist of Sklepy cynamonowe (Cinnamon Shops) and Sanatorium pod Klepsydrą (The Hourglass Sanatorium), whose body is treated as a model also for further Schulzian “erotic bodies”. Here key importance belongs to the method inspired by Hana Bellmer’s The Doll – “the anatomy of desire”. Bellmer created “condensed images of desire” via the transformations and multiplications of the female body, but Schulz’s erotic imagination reproduces repeatable and limited corporality. The “doll-like” bodies of Adela, Polda or Paulina are “condensed images of desire” as long as they are emblematic – motionless in con ventional, perfectly legible poses and gestures, to which Schulz returned ostentatiously. They are summed up in several reduced presentations typical for the aesthetics of pop culture – i.a. the fin de siècle boudoir novel and pornography. This schematic nature of women’s bodies in the prose and graphic work of Bruno Schulz is not devoid of the misogynistic phantasms of modernism. At the same time, however, it makes it possible to think about pastiche, provocation or camp.
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The article discusses twenty-five years of the existence of the academic journal Studia Judaica. Semi-annual which is an organ of the Polish Association for Jewish Studies. First, it is presented how the association itself was created, and then the periodical was founded. Next, it describes where the subsequent offices of the journal’s editorial office were located, who published the journal, and the composition of its editorial staff. Moreover, general information on the authors of the texts appearing in this periodical, their subject matter, and their reviewers are summarized. Finally, the focus is placed on the financial situation of Studia Judaica as well as its general condition and plans for the future.
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The article introduces the person of Jakub Szczeciński and his company - Drukarnia Pospieszna (Express Printshop), operating in Kalisz in 1912-1914 and 1917-1939, and discusses his publishing production. Thus, it shows one of the most interesting typographic companies of Kalisz, presenting the activities of the printing house and its importance for both the Jewish and Polish communities of the city. The publishing output of Szczeciński’s company in all its aspects (book and periodical production, as well as broadly defined documents of social life) is an example of cooperation of representatives of various nationalities, characteristic of the multinational community of Kalisz.
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The first question addressed in this study is how to resume everyday life in a synagogue community following the cataclysm of the Shoah and how different aspects of this relaunch can be interpreted as an attempt to process the trauma of the Holocaust, either on an individual or group level. The second part of the paper revolves around the symptoms of “prolonged social trauma” in the dynamics of the changed community during the 1970s and 1980s and those of religious life in the field under study. In this case, the area in question represents a narrow locality, the Páva Street Synagogue and its community in Budapest between 1945 and 1989. Changes in the life of the community are brought to the fore via interviews using the oral history method along with press and archive sources. The Páva Street Synagogue in Ferencváros is one of the “periphery synagogues” of Budapest, where religious life with different intensities can be considered almost continuous. The synagogue, built with public funding and inaugurated in 1924, was used as an internment camp in the second half of 1944. Following the liberation of the ghettos and camps, community life began again a few months after the persecution. Between 1945 and 1956, this resumption involved a series of steps, including the physical rehabilitation of the synagogue environment and the organization of its daily routines. The events of 1956 created further difficulties for the community: the building was damaged once again and the community disintegrated. Although everyday life resumed, the symptoms of trauma manifested in the 1970s and 1980s as the community dwindled and its members grew older, leaving generations missing from the synagogue.
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The article aims at presenting both the activities of Spanish diplomats on behalf of Jews, especially Sephardic, in some countries occupied by Germans during the Second World War, and the recent debate on the merits of these activities. The question is if the Spanish diplomats serving in France, Greece, Rumania, Bulgaria and Hungary helped Jews following Spanish official policy, as some recent publications seem to suggest, or on their own initiative and their own risk. Among other examples, the case of the Duke of Parcent, Spanish representative in Warsaw, who had limited possibilities to act but testified to the extermination, is examined. His diplomatic reports and personal accounts as well as actual studies on diplomats’ commitment are used as sources. The analysis of the texts reveals that an attempt at burnishing the image of Franco’s policy towards Jews has been made and it shows that the controversy between those who consider Franco a “savior of hundreds of thousands of Jews” and those who accuse him of “complicity in the Holocaust” has not been resolved.
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Review of: Martha Keil – Peter Rauscher – Sabine Ullmann, eds., Juden und Krieg in der Frühen Neuzeit. Akteure – Erfahrungen – Strukturwandel (Forschungen zur Geschichte der Juden. Abteilung A: Abhandlugen, Band 33), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2022. 286pp. 18 black-and- white illustrations. ISBN: 978-3-447-11857-6
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Review of: Adolf Ornstein – Vilma Iggersová – Karl Abeles, Sto let jedné židovské rodiny na českém venkově [One Hundred Years of a Jewish Family in the Bohemian Countryside], ed. Kateřina Čapková, Praha: Univerzita Karlova, Nakladatelství Karolinum, 2022. 164pp. ISBN: 978-80-246-5274-0
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Retracing Constantin Zoppa’s biography, this case study highlights the continuity of antisemitism in Bukovina before and after 1918. It contributes to revising the ideas that the various ethnicities and religious groups in Austrian Bukovina were living harmoniously together and that – certain forms of – antisemitism emerged only after 1918 within Greater Romania. The article shows how Zoppa, a Romanian nationalist and antisemite from Bukovina – who did not adhere to a specific doctrine but rather followed individuals such as Aurel Onciul and later Traian Brăileanu – could easily pass from the antisemitic parties in the Austrian Empire to those in the Kingdom of Romania, and then switch between the antisemitic organizations in Greater Romania, in particular A. C. Cuza’s League for National Christian Defence
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