Sowjetunion - Hat eine marxistische Opposition in der Sowjetunion eine Zukunft?

Author(s): Bohdan Krawchenko / Language(s): German Issue: 15/1984

Im ersten Teil seiner Analyse untersuchte Krawchenko die historischen Bedingungen für eine marxistische Opposition: in dem formal ideologischen System der UdSSR, deren Machthaber sich verbal auf den Marxismus berufen, vermeiden kluge, kreative, intellektuell neugierige Studenten die sogenannten »ideologischem Disziplinen —daher sind so viele Dissidenten auch Naturwissenschafter, Schriftsteller, Mathematiker.

Rezeniosen

Author(s): Thomas Noetzel,Raimund Loew / Language(s): German Issue: 17/1984

Review of: Thomas Noetzel - Karl Schlögel: Der renitente Held — Arbeiteropposition in der UdSSR 1953-1983. Junius-Verlag, Hamburg 1984, 323 Seiten, öS 296.40/DM 38.- Marek Nowakowski: Karpfen für die Miliz. Satiren und Nachrichten. Hanser Verlag, München und Wien 1983, 201 Seiten Władysław Bartoszewski: Herbst der Hoffnungen. Es lohnt sich, anständig zu sein. Herder, Freiburg 1983, 142 Seiten, öS 123.30/DM 15.80 Rolf-Dieter Kluge: Gegenwartsliteratur in Osteuropa und der DDR. Günter Olzog-Verlag, München 1982, 110 Seiten, öS 140.40/DM 18.- Raimund Loew - Winfried Wolf: Polen — Der Winter gehört den Krähen 3. ISP-Verlag, Frankfurt 1984, 299 Seiten, öS 120.90/ DM 15.50 1956 — A forradalom sajtója. (1956 — Die Presse der Revolution). Giromagny 1983, öS 120.-/DM 15.40 Anton Antonow-Owssejenko: Stalin — Porträt einer Tyrannei. München/ Zürich 1983, 447 Seiten, öS 388.40/ DM 49.80 Ewgenij Nikolajew: Gehirnwäsche in Moskau. Iris-Bücher, Klaus Schulz Verlag, München 1983, 270 Seiten Herwig E. Haase: Das Wirtschaftsystem der DDR. Eine Einführung. Berlin Verlag 1983, 318 Seiten, öS 218.40/ DM 28.- Efraim Sevela: Männergespräche in einer russischen Sauna. Goldmann 6630, München 1983, 188 Seiten, öS 45.20/ DM 5.80 Paul. R. Magocsi: The Rusyn-Ukrainians of Czechoslovakia. An Historical Survey. Verlag Wilhelm Braumüller, Wien 1983, 93 Seiten, öS 128.-/ DM 16.40 Kirill Gradov: Gute Reise, Genosse. Ein Bericht, dtv 10227, München 1984, 129 Seiten, öS 68.60/DM 8.80 Oskar Anweiler (Hg): Bildung und Erziehung in Osteuropa im 20. Jahrhundert. Ausgewählte Beiträge zum 2. Weltkongreß für Sowjet- und Osteuropastudien, Berlin Verlag 1982, 216 Seiten, öS 218.40/DM 28.- Oskar Anweiler/Friedrich Kuebart (Hg): Bildungssysteme in Osteuropa — Reform oder Krise? Berlin Verlag 1984, 314 Seiten, öS 296.40/DM 38.- Heinz Gärtner: Hegemoniestrukturen und Kriegsursachen. IWP 5, W. Braumüller- Verlag, Wien 1983, 105 Seiten, öS 109.20/DM 14.- Jürgen Hartmann: Politik und Gesellschaft in Osteuropa. Eine Einführung. Campus Studium, Frankfurt 1983, 280 Seiten, öS 226.20/DM 29.-

Договорът за обикновените въоръжени сили в Европа – подписване, адаптиране и прекратяване

Author(s): Angel Apostolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

The topic of this scientific article examines the problems that arose before the effective control of conventional armed forces in the decades after the end of the Cold War. The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) is the keystone for the establishment of mutually acceptable restrictions on this category of armaments. Conceived as a treaty between two monolithic military-political blocs, the CFE has had to be adapted several times since the end of the Cold War and the new security environment that emerged in Europe after the collapse of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO). However, the contradictions between NATO and Russia are the reason why the CFE was not able to reach its full potential. The escalation of the Russian aggression against Ukraine and the deep mutual mistrust between Moscow and the Western partners led to the Russian Federation’s decision to withdraw from the CFE Treaty.

Оценка на системата за защита на националната сигурност в Република България

Author(s): Anelia Atipova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

The report presents the results of the expert evaluation of a formal model of the National Security Protection System in the Republic of Bulgaria (NSPS), for the purposes of which a special methodology was created. Using the methods of content analysis, functional analysis and doctrinal (scientific) interpretation of normative acts, the functions and activities of the structures and bodies of the NSPS were analyzed to achieve the strategic goals of the state. Six key normative acts affecting the activities of the leading institutions - Council of Ministers, National Assembly, Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Internal Affairs and two strategic documents were examined. Recommendations have been made to optimize the formal model of the NSPS, with a view to its more efficient functioning.

Способности или възможности – същност и приложимост

Author(s): Kalin Gradev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

The development of this study is induced by the need for determining the meaning of the term capabilities for the military sphere, their essence, as well as the connection with certain elements of their combat power of the formation. The text presents some of the results of the more specific research on the depth of their applicability at all levels of command and control in the Armed Forces.

Таргетингът и културното наследство: унищожаване на културното наследство по време на конфликти

Author(s): Radoslav Chalakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2s/2024

Armed conflicts affect many aspects of life. In addition to casualties from military impacts, conflicts often involve damage or destruction of cultural heritage. The significant challenges we face in the XXI century also complicate the protection of cultural heritage during military operations. The increasing use of social media provides instant viewing and propaganda for the destruction of cultural heritage and, in many cases, its irreversible destruction, on the other hand, precision munitions increase the expectation that cultural heritage sites will be spared during conflict. This expectation often leads to increased frustration and disappointment when sites are not protected or become collateral damage. This article examines the role of the targeting process in influencing cultural heritage during conflict.

Progress of the Reserve Officers School Military Educational System in Bulgarian Armed Forces in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century

Author(s): Nikolay Pavlovski / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2024

The research examines the development of the school military education system for reserve officers in the Bulgarian Armed Forces after the end of the Second World War until the end of the 20th century. The article is based on the collection, study, analysis, summarization and derivation of trends on the issue on foundation on the research of the historical material, find in the histories of military academies and schools in the country, supported by several archival sources and reports on the topic. The progress of the development process of mass armies throughout the world has been accompanied by the rapid expansion of the system of training officers for the active forces and those for the reserve component. Numerous military academies and training schools are opened, and the preparation from a centralized type is transformed into a decentralized one. The subsequent consolidation of the military academies and schools leads to a return to the leading role of the Reserve Officer Schools in the training of officers for the reserve. Later, a separate military unit is created, which is responsible for their teaching. Uniform and generally valid rules for all institutions preparing such personnel enter into force.

Предизвикателствата пред българската образователна система в постсоциалистическия период

Author(s): Boian Koulov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The assessment of the current state of the educational system in Bulgaria does not meet the European and national expectations, based on a number of indicators. The main objective of this research is to compare and analyze the dynamics of the system in the period after the changes of 1989 and based on the revealed trends, to identify and rank its challenges, given their importance for the quality of the social capital, created by the system. Objects of the study are the main elements, including the inputs and outputs of the system of preschool and school education in the country: from ISCED-0 to ISCED-3, according to UNESCO’s International Standard Classification of Education. The author uses official data, comparative analyzes and assessments of the National Statistical Institute, Eurostat and other European institutions, the World Bank, as well as publications by Bulgarian experts. The results disprove the hypothesis that the decrease in the country’s population in the post-socialist period is the main reason for the reduction in the number of schools and teaching staff. Among the most important challenges facing the Bulgarian education system, the problems at the system’s input (the school infrastructure, predominantly, at the MSCO-0 level) stand out, as well as the quantity of basic elements of the system, such as teachers and schools. Emphasis is placed on the geospatial aspect of the ongoing deepening of the identified challenges.

Application of Educational Strategies in Studying the Dynamics of State Power Structures: Implementation of Formal and Informal Mechanisms of Influence

Author(s): Stoyan Denchev,Miriyana Pavlova,Steliana Yordanova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The specific force characteristics of state power structures play a major role when shaping the political and economic dynamics. They influence the processes of decision-making and they definitively define the distribution of public resources in each and every country or a group of formally united states.In this article, we will try to analyze how and in what way should be applied educational strategies for studying the complex interplay between the dynamic characteristics of the force structures of power, paying special attention to their formal and informal mechanisms of influence from different perspectives. Through analysis and subsequent synthesis of known theoretical frameworks, and based on empirical research, we will define a complex understanding of how power manifests itself both on the basis of formal organizational hierarchies and through contemporary informal social networks.The suggested research framework is based on the methodology of change, which is “enlightened” through the so-called architectural approach. This approach is applied inclusively in the complex and intricate dynamics of educational strategies, promoting its more equitable distribution of the power functions in the hierarchies of society as a whole and defining wider frameworks for coercive influence, through modern information and communication technologies.

В НОВИТЕ БРОЕВЕ НА СПИСАНИЯТА НА ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ ЧЕТЕТЕ

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

Идеен модел на национална стратегия за противодействие на хибридните заплахи

Author(s): Vasya Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The focus of this article is the presentation of an exemplary conceptual model of a strategy for countering the hybrid threats of the Republic of Bulgaria. The emphasis is on the extreme need for its preparation, given the deepening theoretical knowledge and understanding of hybrid threats, as well as their expanding application in practical terms. Both the adopted legal framework and the established structures for deterring and neutralizing hybrid threats in NATO, the EU and partner countries have been examined. The most general conceptual recommendations for the preparation of the national strategy are given, and through a comparative analysis, the existing analogous documents in the Czech Republic and the Republic of North Macedonia are revised, the structure and content of which can be adapted according to the Bulgarian reality.

Концептуални виждания на НАТО за бъдещото противопоставяне и развитието на военния инструмент на мощта

Author(s): Nikolay Nedyalkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article presents one of the aspects of the process of transformation and adaptation of NATO to the security environment after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014 – the conceptual development of the Alliance's military instrument of power in the context of future confrontation. It examines the major strategic documents newly adopted in this period, focusing on NATO Warfighting Capstone Concept and its impact on some perceptions of Alliance collective defence.

Идентификация и оценка на риска от терористични действия в критични инфраструктурни обекти от значение за националната сигурност

Author(s): Danail Petev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

Тhe article examines the essence and goals of the phenomenon of terrorism, the main reasons contributing to its emergence and the activities in the fight against it. The process of managing the risk of terrorism is revealed. Alternative approaches to terrorist threat prevention are explored. On the basis of system analysis and risk management methodology, the theoretical foundations of criticality and vulnerability of critical infrastructure are explored. The coordination in the activities of the ministries and departments in the fight against terrorism in relation to national security is presented.

Откриване на останки от самолета Neptune 2-P-103 на аржентинските военноморски сили по време на полярната експедиция на научноизследователския кораб „Св. Св. Кирил и Методий“

Author(s): Aleksandrina Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article describes the events related to the discovery of the remains of the aircraft NEPTUNE 2-P-103 by the Argentine Navy during the 32nd polar expedition of the Bulgarian naval research ship “St. st. Cyril and Methodius”. An analysis of the coverage of the tragedy in local periodicals over the years was carried out and the research methods of martyrology were applied. The transfer of the remains to the Argentine Navy brings our countries closer together. Among the words of the relatives of the crew members of NEPTUNE 2-P-103, a deep gratitude to Bulgaria sounds.

Политически характеристики на Китай през ХХI век

Author(s): Erol Buyukliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article presents some basic political characteristics of China in the XXI Century. One of the main approaches of the analysis is to present China’s political influence in the modern era in the context of its the economic power. The conclusion summarizes China’s strategic ambitions for the transformation of the two main systems in the world – in the sphere of security and the global economy.

Human Factors: A Problem Interaction In L-L Interface As A Cause Of The Boeing 737-505 Crash Near Perm

Author(s): Rumyana Kareva,Margarita Kumanova,Maria Dabova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This paper presents problems of L-L interaction based on the Official report on the causes of the Boeing 737 crash near Perm. The Edwards-Hawkins SHELL model is an explanatory model for the L-L interface causes of the crash that killed 88 people.

Фактори, определящи състоянието и режимите за функциониране на система за събиране, оценка и обмен на данни за ядрена, химическа и биологична обстановка

Author(s): Dimitar Nedevski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The system for collection, assessment and exchange of data on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) situation, operating in the Armed Forces, has characteristics that predetermine the possibility of its optimization and its transformation into a system for early warning, notification and monitoring of CBRN contamination, meeting the modern requirements of the troops. There are certain imperfections in the operation of the system related to the long time required for processing and exchanging information, as well as to the reliability and credibility of the transmitted data. They are caused by the unrealized horizontal information links between the system elements, its inability to function as an integrated communication, information and functional structure and the absence of automated devices for determining the wide range of threats.

Организационна култура и продължаващо образование и обучение

Author(s): Mariya Neycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4s/2024

In today’s economies, lifelong learning has emerged as a crucial driver of economic and social development and growth. However, Bulgaria lags behind other European nations in terms of participation in lifelong learning initiatives. This article delves into the factors that influence continuing education. A field study, involving over one hundred Bulgarian enterprises, revealed that organizational culture plays a pivotal role in shaping corporate investment decisions. Companies that prioritize human capital accumulation through strategic human resource development strategies and practices, and view learning as an essential asset tend to exhibit higher levels of both participation and intensity in lifelong learning programs. These findings align with institutional theory according to which organizational culture significantly impacts investments in lifelong learning. Thus, the paper has significant practical implications for policies related to continuing education and training.

Krakow's Participatory School Budget as an Example of Civic Education

Author(s): Maria Neikova,Barbara Węglarz / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2024

An example of civic education is the participatory school budget used in Poland. In the participatory budget training, students submit their own ideas, create projects, and then choose those that they think are the most attractive and important. The idea for a participatory school budget was born from the desire to adapt the classic participatory budget process to the needs of a small, local community, such as a school. Taking part in this type of project allows students to co-decide about matters in their immediate environment, i.e. the school. However, in the longer term, it is intended to prepare them to engage in the classic citizen budget, which is carried out in local government units in Poland. The aim of the article is to briefly present the origins and idea of the classic participatory budget, but primarily to focus on the participatory school budget, in particular in relation to a specific example, which is the participatory school budget carried out in one of the Polish cities - Krakow. The article also includes information about the campaign of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education promoting participatory budgeting in schools. Document analysis and critical content analysis, as well as historical and comparative methods were used to write the article.

Югоизточна Европа – сътрудничество и/или интеграция?

Author(s): Nevena Aleksieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

As a part of Europe and in perspective – also a part of the EU, SEE is inevitably linked to multilayered and multidirectional processes – in the Union and in the region. The key question, which has a new significance and new dimensions in the context of the war in Ukraine, is – which direction will SEE countries take – backwards towards nationalism or forward looking towards effective integration into a community based on supranational and commonly accepted rules? Towards mutually beneficial regional exchanges and the completion of regional identity with a serious effect on the European and Euro-Atlantic perspective of the region and the enhancement of citizens’ wellbeing. Or towards remaining on the periphery of Europe as an object of multi-directional, conflicting aspirations and belligerent confrontation. The role of Bulgaria is also outlined, and some guidelines for the intensification of its positions in terms of bilateral and multilateral regional cooperation are proposed.