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Psychological Capital, Need for Security, Coping Strategies of Sports Students in Conditions of Covid-19

Author(s): Tatiana Iancheva / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

The pandemic COVID 19 has posed unprecedented ordeals before the field of sport and education in the last two years. The majority of the research in the field of sports psychology has been related to the psychological consequences from the pandemic. There have been few surveys connected with the psychological determinants of behavior and personal safety prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the Psychological Capital, Need for Security and their relation to the preferred Coping Strategies during the pandemic COVID-19 among sports students from Bulgaria and to outline their specificity depending on gender, kind of sport, and level of qualification. The research was done among 106 sports students aged between 18 and 34years. For the purposes of the research the participants were divided into groups according to their gender, kind of sport, and level of qualification. The research methods included: 1) Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans, Youssef, Avolio 2007); 2) Methods of Researching the Need for Security in Human Behaviour (Velichkov, Radoslavova, Vasileva, Todorov 1998); 3) Approach to Coping in Sport Questionnaire (ACSQ-1; Kim 1999; Kim & Duda 1997).There were significant differences depending on gender, and kind of sport. There were significant correlations between the components of psychological capital and the strategies: emotional calming, cognitive restructuring, and behavioral risk, between self-efficacy and need for security.

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Nanotechnology in Sports and Security

Author(s): Adelina Miteva / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

Nanotechnologies are practically applicable in all important areas of industry and everyday life. Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field covering natural and engineering sciences (e.g. mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology, military sciences, etc.), as well as health sciences due to its versatility. This article provides a brief overview of some of the current and potential applications of nanotechnology in sport and sports security. Some examples of what is and what can be created with the help of nanotechnology in these areas are given, for example: unique characteristic sports equipment, sportswear and architecture; ultra-small computers, durable and multifunctional materials for use in clothing, shoes, etc. A critical discussion is presented. Possible future extensions of work in this area are considered.

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Self Defense Training for Prospective Doctors and Medical Staff – Opportunities and Attitudes

Author(s): Vladimir Ivanov / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

Violence over doctors and medical staff is a serious social issue that has been neglected in modern society. Numerous attacks on emergency medical care workers and ward and office medical professionals have been witnessed in recent years, and in most cases these incidents were left without consequence or with occasional convictions. This survey aims to study the attitudes among the students of the Medical University of Sofia regarding the problem with aggression and violence against medical professionals and employees in the medical sector in Bulgaria and the opportunities that self-defense training at the Medical University gives. The study was carried out by means of applying the survey method with students who participated in the elective course (module) of Self-defense which was conducted during the second semester of 2020 – 2021 academic year. The conclusions that can be drawn, indicate that the participants are very well informed about the problem with aggression against medical professionals, and they consider poor organization in the healthcare sector as the main cause of the problem. Nevertheless, survey participants believe that incriminating aggressive behavior against medical staff is not going to bring the desired results against this kind of behavior. The attitude of the students who participated in the self-defense training sessions was extremely positive as they claim that this type of additional training could be the first step of future doctors to opposing aggression in the health-care sector.

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Formation of Physical Readiness in Students for Survival in Extreme Situations

Author(s): Vesela Stoycheva / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

The problem of student survival in extreme situations is very relevant. The future professional activities of students are connected with actions in various potential extreme situations. It is necessary in the process of training at the university in students to form sufficient readiness for adequate actions in diverse extreme scenarios. On the basis of theoretical analysis of various concepts of extreme situations, it is defined as “a complex of environmental conditions requiring certain actions for a certain period of time”. The main factors of the situation are danger and difficulty, and their integral functions are risk and effort, respectively. Situations are external and internal. Physical preparedness is made up of general and special physical qualities determining certain actions in accordance with the demands of extreme situations. The aim of the study is to form physical readiness in students for survival in extreme situations by applying a specialized impact methodology. The formation of physical readiness in students takes place in the process of regular classes in physical education and sport. Certain exercises are included in the individual classes, which have a positive influence on the formation of physical readiness for actions in extreme situations. In summarizing the variational and comparative analysis of the results of the study, it was found that the applied methods of influence in the process of conducting regular classes of students of physical education and sports has positively affected the physical readiness of young people in the experimental group.

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Investigation of the Physical Suitability of Employees of the Ministry of Interior

Author(s): Yoni Petrovska / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

The professional activity of the employees in the Special Home for Temporary Accommodation of Foreigners at the Migration Directorate is closely related to their physical, combat, applied preparation, etc. Priority among specialized knowledge and skills is given to physical fitness. The characteristics of the activity show that the successful completion of the various tasks requires the performers to have appropriate motor skills. They are demonstrated as a system of meaningful and purposeful simple or complex movements, which are evaluated based on specific actions. Due to the specifics of the tasks to be solved, professional preparation is necessary. The purpose of the study is to establish the physical fitness of employees in junior executive positions. To assess and establish the level of physical fitness, a sports pedagogical test was conducted with 90 employees with an average age of42.8 years. The attached test battery includes four tests approved by the Ministry of Interior. Analysis of motor test results in terms of speed, coordination, and endurance are lower in the assessment. This fact gives us reason to believe that in practice not enough purposeful work is done to develop the strength of the lower limbs and endurance.

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Reframing Best Alternatives to Negotiated Agreements in Representative Negotiations in Sports

Author(s): Hristina Dobreva / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

The paper starts with differentiating between the positional and interest-based negotiation styles for reaching the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA). It outlines the main problems of positional bargaining and the role of agents in representative negotiations in sports. The paper aims at specifying negotiation styles and tactics/games that could produce optimal win-win solutions in sports. It focuses on the need of tactical flexibility, timing, collaboration, issue-linkage and leverage creation that could possibly reframe BATNAs for reaching mutual gain agreements and optimal win-win solutions.The paper aims is to propose solutions for reaching agreements in representative negotiations in sports. The methodology’s starting point is BATNA. The analytical framework includes both choosing the appropriate negotiation style (positional or interest-based) and tactics (negotiation games) to end up with a given strategy. Principled negotiation and mutual gain approach are suggested as solutions. The results of the analysis could be summarized in four categories. The first is the importance of considering the specifics of sports negotiations, especially the advantages and disadvantages of using agents as representatives. Here short versus long-term interests have to be weighed. The second is the advancement of issue linkages, creative alternatives for win-win solutions, leverage and appropriate bargaining style. The third is the focus on the process of reframing BATNAS as a process of evaluating alternatives, seeking leverage but maintaining credibility and flexibility. The fourth is the application of the mutual gain approach to expand the frontier of possibilities. Here the most important is the brainstorming session and the concept of the next best solution.

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Extracurricular Activities in Physical Education and Sports at School in the Covid-19 Conditions

Author(s): Mariana Borukova,Milena Kuleva / Language(s): English Issue: 4s/2021

In the educational system of Bulgaria, extracurricular activities are provided and organized in all schools. There are also schools in the education system of Bulgaria that are neither private nor attached to the Ministry of Education. They are foreign schools in Bulgaria that are under the auspices of their embassies and their education system (e.g. French Lyceum, Anglo-American School, Russian School, American College and others). Sports activities are widespread, as it is well known that most European countries, and especially the United States, believe that competitive spirit is crucial in many professional fields, as well as teamwork, which is imperceptibly developing in most sports. The aim of the present study is to examine the opinion of parents of children from the secondary education level regarding extracurricular activities in physical education and sports in the context of COVID-19. Various research methods were used, like review study of specialized literature and normative documents and survey method. As a result, it was concluded that when students are placed in new and different conditions for sports, their desire and interest to play and to be active is not reduced. The created and well-organized safe environment during the classes gives confidence and peace of mind to the parents that their children are safe.

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Диагностициране на усвоените знания по литература при учениците в IV клас чрез тестова проверка

Author(s): Iva Stamenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The present study is aimed at diagnosing the knowledge of students in literature from IV grade through training in reading and extracurricular reading. The results obtained in the course of the research are aimed at ascertaining the students' knowledge regarding previously studied literary works. With the test check the teacher has the opportunity to establish not only the level of the mastered teaching material, but also the omissions of the fourth graders in order to take timely measures for their elimination. The practice of teaching shows that too often students, after acquiring certain knowledge of literature, do not return to what was previously studied in order to recall it, but turn their attention to the new literary work. In this way the information is forgotten, as a result of which the test examination reveals superficially acquired knowledge or lack of such. In this regard, the study, conducted with two classes of fourth-graders, designated as EG – experimental group and KG – control group, aims to show comparative knowledge in both, as well as the reasons for the mistakes. The idea in this case is to take good examples from the practice of teaching, to direct teachers and students to recall the previous teaching material, as they need it as much as the one they are currently studying in the curriculum of the respective publishing house

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Създаване и история на Виенския педагогиум

Author(s): Dimka Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The establishment of the Viena Pedagogium was in response to the need of more accessible and better education. With its structure, education plans and focus on practice, the Academy became one of the leading educational institutions not only for Austria but for the whole of Europe. A large part of its success was due to its first principal, the great educator Friedrich Dittes famous for his reforms in the field of education. The influence of the Vienna Pedagogium is very significant for Bulgaria due to the fact that ten Bulgarian students successfully graduated from it and used their newly gained knowledge to help build up modern Bulgarian education system after the Liberation of Bulgaria

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Помощник-учителят през периода на Българското просвещение и в нашето съвремие

Author(s): Yosif Nunev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The proposed material is a modest attempt to connect the time of the Bulgarian Enlightening and the role of assistant teacher then with our time now and another ambition of the Bulgarian state to implement in the pre-school and school education the auxiliary position of “educational mediator”. For educational practice, the mediator is primarily intended for specialized work with Roma children and students and their parental communities to ensure their participation in educational institutions. The article also offers the opportunity to apply the Renaissance experience in the training of today's educational mediators, in the same way as the assistant teachers of that time. Their path was predetermined – from assistants they grew into the most famous teachers and scholars of their time. Why do we not take advantage of this experience today?

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A Study of Parents' Readiness to Raise Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Author(s): Svitlana Myronova,Maryana Buinyak / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The readiness of parents to raise children with intellectual disabilities is a set of emotional-motivational, cognitive and activity components, the formation of which ensures an adequate attitude of family members to the child and the choice of optimal methods of its upbringing. The article highlights the results of a study of parents' readiness for family upbringing of children with intellectual disabilities, the research methodology is described, and a detailed analysis of the results is presented. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that a significant part of parents raising child with intellectual disabilities accept the child and its disorders at the psychological level, but they are emotionally depressed that their child has developmental disabilities. The vast majority of parents are not sufficiently aware of the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of their children, the age dynamics of their development. This negatively affects the choice of tactics and methods of education, knowledge about possible problems in learning and further adult life

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Psychological, Pedagogical and Organizational Peculiarities of the Development of Students’ Volitional Qualities as a Factor of Success in Learning

Author(s): Nadiia Vientseva,Olena Karapetrova / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The article reports the results of the empirical study of the impact of volitional qualities development on the level of academic achievements of higher education institution students. The article gives a theoretical analysis of the main types of volitional qualities that affect the assimilation of educational material by students. There was established the level of their development and the relationship with academic achievements. The article also identifies the main psycho-pedagogical and organizational peculiarities that affect the success of mastering the knowledge by university students. The psychological and pedagogical recommendations for forming, developing and supporting the volitional sphere of students are developed.

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Teachers' Perspective on the Educational Implications of Online Teaching

Author(s): Julien-Ferencz Kiss,Florica Orțan,Laurențiu Mândrea / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The present research explores the perception of teachers in Romania on the implications of the transition to online education. 143 teachers participated in the research, all of them involved in continuing education activities. From the results, we can highlight the fact that as we approach pre-school and primary level in regular education, online teaching is perceived as much more difficult. The same happens in special education, where efficiency is considered low in the online environment. Almost 80% of teachers consider that online education is below the efficiency of on-site education. Teachers consider that they are better prepared than the institutions where they work or than their students for online activities. 40% of teachers consider that they are well enough prepared and no longer need training, most of them investing in their training. Almost half of the teachers believe that some activities could remain online even after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic and they believe that the general responsibility for improving the situation lies with the Ministry of Education.

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ИСТОРИЈСКИ РАЗВОЈ НАСТАВЕ ВЕШТИНЕ ПИСАЊА: ЕКСПРЕСИВНИ, КОГНИТИВНИ, СОЦИОЛОШКИ И ДИСКУРСНИ ПЕРИОД

Author(s): Branka L. Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 73/2020

Writing as an activity may be observed simultaneously from the perspective of the nature of the writing skill, but at the same time from the basis of writing in L2, which requires a higher level of cognitive capacity. In theoretical research there is a consensus that both writing in the mother tongue and writing in a foreign language requires a systematic approach and that the writing skill can be taught to students through various approaches. Therefore, we are able to observe a historic development and change from the traditional to contemporary approaches to teaching the writing skill, and the change from writing as a product to writing as a process. The aim of this study is to reflect upon this development through the expressive, cognitive, social and discourse periods and to present the gradual development of the writing as a process approach, both from the perspective of science and practice. The results of the study may contribute to the individual teaching practice, but also to the institutional policy towards the practice of teaching the writing skill.

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Категориални и некатегориални значения на рода, числото и падеа при личните местоимения (руско-български паралели)

Author(s): Encho Tilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

The object of this study are the categories gender, number and case of personal pronouns in Russian and Bulgarian. It is well known that the two languages have a common genealogy, which determines the presence of many similarities in their grammatical structures. While the verb as part of speech, for example, has significant differences, Russian and Bulgarian personal pronouns function in a similar way. The categorial and non-categorial meanings are considered entirely in the theory of functional grammar of A. V. Bondarko, and in Bulgarian linguistics Ivan Kutsarov was the first to work in this scientific paradigm. In the present study, which is part of a comprehensive study of categoriality and non-categoriality in the language, the emphasis is put on the manifestations of non-categoriality, but for this purpose, part of the categorial meanings is also presented. The main approach is comparative.

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Нови същински и несъщински фразеологични изрази в българския медиен дискурс

Author(s): Teodora Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

The prerequisites for spontaneous or premedited phraseological word formation are both cultural and geopolitical, ethnopsychological, socio-economic, contextual and others. Some neophraseologies acquire public usage and multiply, others freeze in the field of the occasional word formation. The main criteria for the excerpt of the phrases in the research are: the chronological one – real (full) and non-real (non-full) phraseologies are analyzed, isolated from media texts during the last 7 years; the semantic one – the semantic motivation is established, which is a result of borrowing, tracing, modification of an element of the phrase or rehabilitation of archaic word combinations; structural – mono-, bi- and polyelement forms; the thematic one – where sustainable units with different conceptual and stylistic affiliation are analyzed. The aim of the study is to differentiate the new real phraseology according to the derivational methods and ways of their emergence through metaphorization, metonymization, irony, hyperbole, substitution, etc. Each of the phrases is analyzed comprehensively according to the specified parameters.

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Breaking the Norms of Bulgarian Language Online: Language Adaptation or Language Illiteracy

Author(s): Milen Filipov,Dinka Zlateva / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

The purpose of the research was to explore the experiences of Bulgarian university students, representatives of generations Y and Z, with breaking the rules of the Standard of Bulgarian language when communicating with textual posts on the Facebook social network site (SNS) and social networking applications (apps). Breaking language norms is due to the perception of the SNS and social apps communication as speaking rather than writing. Therefore, many of the language rules applicable to the writing are broken. The research employed a phenomenological inductive research strategy. It used a narrative literature review from 2011 to 2021 and an in-depth interview of 15 university students as research instruments. The theoretical framework was built on the theory of communication accommodation and audience design. Two main themes crystallized in the in-depth interviews: 1) communication in SNS and social apps – visual, verbal, and informal and 2) context and communicator determine the level of the Bulgarian language rules observance. In these themes, perceiving SNS communication as speaking, not as writing, hurrying up to join the communication, and the perception of the online environment as informal, explained the breaking the language rules. The research is the first to study the issue in the context of the experiences of the language users, and it opens the scientific field to further research.

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Пейо Яворов в мемоарните текстове на Дора Габе – разрояване на наратива

Author(s): Teodora Kashilska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

The article examines the construction of memory in the memoir world of Dora Gabe and the presence of Peyo Yavorov in it. The text follows the chronology of the poetess' memoirs and analyses three narratives about Peyo Yavorov – the “first teacher”, the man whom she knows and understands and lastly the lost Yavorov. The “first teacher” narrative occupies a central place in Dora Gabe's memoirs of the poet in the 1920s and 1930s and convincingly brings forward the figure of Dora Gabe herself – these texts outline the image of the poetess, building the foundations of her own biography. The other two narratives are most pronounced in Dora Gabe's texts in the 1950s, and through them the poetess became involved in the process of acquitting and rehabilitating Peyo Yavorov in the period after 1944.

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Човекът във вълшебната приказка („Тримата братя и златната ябълка“, преразказана от Ангел Каралийчев)

Author(s): Ivelina Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

This article presents a lesson that seeks, explains and visualizes the world of fairy tales. The idea of its genesis, deeply connected with the myth, is clarified. The students' knowledge of the peculiarities of the fairy tale genre is strengthened. The problems and conflicts in the fairy tale “The Three Brothers and the Golden Apple”, specific to the folklore model of the world, are identified and compared with the personal experience of each person. The character system in the fairy tale is made meaningful through the behavior of the characters. A spatial idea of the world in the fairy tale and the way time flows in it is built, because something has happened somewhere and once.

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Хигиената като учебен предмет във възрожденското училище

Author(s): Vladimir Terziev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

Understanding the concept of hygiene during the Revival includes a complex meaning as a science that helps to protect human health. The need to study this discipline excites a number of Revival educators, doctors and public figures, especially in the period: the mid-60s of the XIX century until the Liberation. This trend is followed by careful analysis and selection of source material, mainly from the Revival press and textbooks, which contain such information. The conclusions show that hygiene fails to establish itself as a ubiquitous subject, but elements of it are introduced into the learning process. Nevertheless, the foundations of the health culture of Bulgarian students were laid, one of the signs of modernization that Bulgarian society experienced during the Revival.

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